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  1. Article ; Online: Revisiting the Definition of 'Healthy' Participants in Substantiation of Structure/Function Claims for Dietary Supplements.

    Evans, Malkanthi / Lewis, Erin D / Antony, Joseph M / Crowley, David C / Charrette, Andrew / Guthrie, Najla / Blumberg, Jeffrey B / Reid, Gregor

    Journal of dietary supplements

    2024  , Page(s) 1–17

    Abstract: Concepts and definitions of 'healthy' have been evolving within clinical treatment algorithms as well as reference standards such as Body Mass Index and Dietary Reference Intakes. Consumers' perception of the word 'healthy' is also changing to reflect ... ...

    Abstract Concepts and definitions of 'healthy' have been evolving within clinical treatment algorithms as well as reference standards such as Body Mass Index and Dietary Reference Intakes. Consumers' perception of the word 'healthy' is also changing to reflect longer life span, need to stay active and in a good state of mental well-being while managing multiple diseases. Guidelines from the US Food and Drug Administration indicate that substantiating evidence for support of Structure/Function (S/F) claims for dietary supplements is best derived from clinical research conducted in a 'healthy' population. S/F claims cannot be represented to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. However, in this context, the term 'healthy' is non-descriptive and largely interpreted as an absence of disease. Guidelines for treatment of disease have been broadened to include biomarkers of disease risk such that the pool of 'healthy' volunteers eligible to be enrolled in clinical trials for S/F claim substantiation is greatly diminished. This perspective presents the challenges faced by the food and dietary supplement industry and by researcher efforts designed to substantiate S/F claims and suggest the phrase 'physiologically stable' or 'apparently healthy' as descriptions better suited to replace the term 'healthy.'
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2460305-3
    ISSN 1939-022X ; 1939-0211
    ISSN (online) 1939-022X
    ISSN 1939-0211
    DOI 10.1080/19390211.2023.2301383
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Breaking new frontiers: Assessment and re-evaluation of clinical trial design for nutraceuticals.

    Evans, Malkanthi / Lewis, Erin D / Antony, Joseph M / Crowley, David C / Guthrie, Najla / Blumberg, Jeffrey B

    Frontiers in nutrition

    2022  Volume 9, Page(s) 958753

    Abstract: Despite sophisticated study designs and measurement tools, we have yet to create an innovative space for diet and dietary supplements in the health care system. The path is challenging due to current hierarchies of scientific evidence and regulatory ... ...

    Abstract Despite sophisticated study designs and measurement tools, we have yet to create an innovative space for diet and dietary supplements in the health care system. The path is challenging due to current hierarchies of scientific evidence and regulatory affairs. The role of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (RCT) as a research approach functions well to characterize the benefits and risks of drugs but lacks the sensitivity to capture the efficacy and safety of nutraceuticals. While some facets of RCTs can be relevant and useful when applied to nutraceuticals, other aspects are limiting and potentially misleading when taken in their entirety. A differentiation between guidelines for evidence-based medicine and the evidence required for nutrition spotlight the need to reconceptualize constituents of the RCT and their applicability with relevance to health promotion. This perspective identifies the limitations of the traditional RCT to capture the complexities of nutraceuticals and proposes the N-of-1 as Level 1 evidence better suited for the proof of efficacy of nutraceuticals.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2776676-7
    ISSN 2296-861X
    ISSN 2296-861X
    DOI 10.3389/fnut.2022.958753
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Changing the Tone of Clinical Study Design in the Cannabis Industry.

    Antony, Joseph M / McDonald, Alison C / Noorbakhsh, Farshid / Guthrie, Najla / Evans, Mal

    Translational neuroscience

    2020  Volume 11, Page(s) 4–9

    Abstract: Cannabis (also known as marijuana) is the most frequently used psychoactive substance globally. Cannabis exerts therapeutic functions for many indications and has vast potential as a health and wellness product. Advances in our understanding of the ... ...

    Abstract Cannabis (also known as marijuana) is the most frequently used psychoactive substance globally. Cannabis exerts therapeutic functions for many indications and has vast potential as a health and wellness product. Advances in our understanding of the composition and pharmacological properties of cannabis have revealed interactions between cannabis, an individuals' circadian rhythms and and their endocannabinoid signaling. Exogenously administered cannabinoids can bidirectionally entrain central and peripheral clocks that comprise circadian rhythms, and malfunctions in the endocannabinoid system are reported to impact neurological processes. Therefore, it is necessary to account for the circadian rhythm when designing clinical trials examining the pharmacological properties of cannabis-based products for health and wellness to limit its potential confounding impact on results. Consideration of the entrainment capabilities of the endocannabinoid system is warranted when designing clinical trials.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-13
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2581219-1
    ISSN 2081-6936 ; 2081-3856
    ISSN (online) 2081-6936
    ISSN 2081-3856
    DOI 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Erratum to "Changing the tone of clinical study design in the cannabis industry".

    Antony, Joseph M / McDonald, Alison C / Noorbakhsh, Farshid / Guthrie, Najla / Evans, Mal

    Translational neuroscience

    2020  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 192

    Abstract: This corrects the article on p. 4 in vol. 11, PMID: 32104589.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article on p. 4 in vol. 11, PMID: 32104589.].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-03
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2581219-1
    ISSN 2081-6936 ; 2081-3856
    ISSN (online) 2081-6936
    ISSN 2081-3856
    DOI 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0110
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Efficacy of Lactobacillus paracasei HA-196 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 in Alleviating Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

    Lewis, Erin D / Antony, Joseph M / Crowley, David C / Piano, Amanda / Bhardwaj, Renu / Tompkins, Thomas A / Evans, Malkanthi

    Nutrients. 2020 Apr. 21, v. 12, no. 4

    2020  

    Abstract: Specific probiotic strains can alleviate the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the efficacy of Lactobacillus paracasei HA-196 (L. ... ...

    Abstract Specific probiotic strains can alleviate the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the efficacy of Lactobacillus paracasei HA-196 (L. paracasei) and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 (B. longum) in reducing the GI and psychological symptoms of IBS was evaluated in 251 adults with either constipation (IBS-C), diarrhea (IBS-D), or mixed-pattern (IBS-M). Following a 2-week run-in period, participants were randomized to one of three interventions: L. paracasei (n = 84), B. longum (n = 83) or placebo (n = 81). IBS symptoms, stool frequency and consistency and quality of life were assessed by questionnaires. The differences from baseline in the severity of IBS symptoms at 4 and 8 weeks were similar between groups. Participants in this study were classified, after randomization, into subtypes according to Rome III. Within the L. paracasei group, complete spontaneous and spontaneous bowel movement frequency increased in participants with IBS-C (n = 10) after 8 weeks of supplementation (both p < 0.05) and decreased in participants with IBS-D (n = 10, p = 0.013). Both L. paracasei and B. longum supplementation improved the quality of life in emotional well-being and social functioning compared with baseline (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, L. paracasei and B. longum may reduce GI symptom severity and improve the psychological well-being of individuals with certain IBS subtypes.
    Keywords Bifidobacterium longum ; Lactobacillus paracasei ; adults ; comorbidity ; constipation ; diarrhea ; frequency ; gastrointestinal system ; irritable bowel syndrome ; nutrients ; placebos ; probiotics ; quality of life ; questionnaires ; strains
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0421
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu12041159
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: A critical analysis of the cynomolgus macaque, Macaca fascicularis, as a model to test HIV-1/SIV vaccine efficacy

    Antony, Joseph M / Kelly S. MacDonald

    Vaccine. 2015 June 17, v. 33, no. 27

    2015  

    Abstract: The use of a number of non-rhesus macaque species, but especially cynomolgus macaques as a model for HIV-1 vaccine development has increased in recent years. Cynomolgus macaques have been used in the United Kingdom, Europe, Canada and Australia as a ... ...

    Abstract The use of a number of non-rhesus macaque species, but especially cynomolgus macaques as a model for HIV-1 vaccine development has increased in recent years. Cynomolgus macaques have been used in the United Kingdom, Europe, Canada and Australia as a model for HIV vaccine development for many years. Unlike rhesus macaques, cynomolgus macaques infected with SIV show a pattern of disease pathogenesis that more closely resembles that of human HIV-1 infection, exhibiting lower peak and set-point viral loads and slower progression to disease with more typical AIDS defining illnesses. Several advances have been made recently in the use of the cynomolgus macaque SIV challenge model that allow the demonstration of vaccine efficacy using attenuated viruses and vectors that are both viral and non-viral in origin. This review aims to probe the details of various vaccination trials carried out in cynomolgus macaques in the context of our modern understanding of the highly diverse immunogenetics of this species with a view to understanding the species-specific immune correlates of protection and the efficacy of vectors that have been used to design vaccines.
    Keywords disease course ; HIV infections ; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 ; humans ; immunogenetics ; Macaca fascicularis ; Macaca mulatta ; models ; pathogenesis ; vaccination ; vaccine development ; vaccines ; viral load ; viruses ; Australia ; Canada ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-0617
    Size p. 3073-3083.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.004
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: A critical analysis of the cynomolgus macaque, Macaca fascicularis, as a model to test HIV-1/SIV vaccine efficacy.

    Antony, Joseph M / MacDonald, Kelly S

    Vaccine

    2015  Volume 33, Issue 27, Page(s) 3073–3083

    Abstract: The use of a number of non-rhesus macaque species, but especially cynomolgus macaques as a model for HIV-1 vaccine development has increased in recent years. Cynomolgus macaques have been used in the United Kingdom, Europe, Canada and Australia as a ... ...

    Abstract The use of a number of non-rhesus macaque species, but especially cynomolgus macaques as a model for HIV-1 vaccine development has increased in recent years. Cynomolgus macaques have been used in the United Kingdom, Europe, Canada and Australia as a model for HIV vaccine development for many years. Unlike rhesus macaques, cynomolgus macaques infected with SIV show a pattern of disease pathogenesis that more closely resembles that of human HIV-1 infection, exhibiting lower peak and set-point viral loads and slower progression to disease with more typical AIDS defining illnesses. Several advances have been made recently in the use of the cynomolgus macaque SIV challenge model that allow the demonstration of vaccine efficacy using attenuated viruses and vectors that are both viral and non-viral in origin. This review aims to probe the details of various vaccination trials carried out in cynomolgus macaques in the context of our modern understanding of the highly diverse immunogenetics of this species with a view to understanding the species-specific immune correlates of protection and the efficacy of vectors that have been used to design vaccines.
    MeSH term(s) AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage ; AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods ; Macaca fascicularis ; SAIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage ; SAIDS Vaccines/immunology
    Chemical Substances AIDS Vaccines ; SAIDS Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-06-17
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.12.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Efficacy of

    Lewis, Erin D / Antony, Joseph M / Crowley, David C / Piano, Amanda / Bhardwaj, Renu / Tompkins, Thomas A / Evans, Malkanthi

    Nutrients

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 4

    Abstract: Specific probiotic strains can alleviate the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the efficacy ... ...

    Abstract Specific probiotic strains can alleviate the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the efficacy of
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Bifidobacterium longum ; Dietary Supplements ; Double-Blind Method ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/psychology ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/therapy ; Lactobacillus paracasei ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Probiotics/administration & dosage ; Quality of Life ; Severity of Illness Index ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Symptom Assessment/methods ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu12041159
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Efficacy of an Anthocyanin and Prebiotic Blend on Intestinal Environment in Obese Male and Female Subjects.

    Hester, Shelly N / Mastaloudis, Angela / Gray, Russell / Antony, Joseph M / Evans, Mal / Wood, Steven M

    Journal of nutrition and metabolism

    2018  Volume 2018, Page(s) 7497260

    Abstract: Background: Anthocyanins and prebiotics impact overall health and wellness, likely through modulation of the microbiota and the intestinal ecosystem.: Objectives: An 8-week open-label study in male and female volunteers with uncomplicated obesity was ...

    Abstract Background: Anthocyanins and prebiotics impact overall health and wellness, likely through modulation of the microbiota and the intestinal ecosystem.
    Objectives: An 8-week open-label study in male and female volunteers with uncomplicated obesity was designed to study the efficacy of an anthocyanin and prebiotic blend in modulating intestinal microbiota and intestinal inflammation.
    Results: After 8 weeks of daily supplementation, participants had a significant decrease in Firmicutes (
    Conclusions: The results suggest that regular consumption of the anthocyanin-prebiotic blend positively modulated the intestinal ecosystem and provided insights into the mechanisms of action and its impact on health benefits.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2573563-9
    ISSN 2090-0732 ; 2090-0724
    ISSN (online) 2090-0732
    ISSN 2090-0724
    DOI 10.1155/2018/7497260
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Efficacy of an Anthocyanin and Prebiotic Blend on Intestinal Environment in Obese Male and Female Subjects

    Hester, Shelly N / Mastaloudis, Angela / Gray, Russell / Antony, Joseph M / Evans, Mal / Wood, Steven M

    Journal of nutrition and metabolism. 2018 Sept. 13, v. 2018

    2018  

    Abstract: Background. Anthocyanins and prebiotics impact overall health and wellness, likely through modulation of the microbiota and the intestinal ecosystem. Objectives. An 8-week open-label study in male and female volunteers with uncomplicated obesity was ... ...

    Abstract Background. Anthocyanins and prebiotics impact overall health and wellness, likely through modulation of the microbiota and the intestinal ecosystem. Objectives. An 8-week open-label study in male and female volunteers with uncomplicated obesity was designed to study the efficacy of an anthocyanin and prebiotic blend in modulating intestinal microbiota and intestinal inflammation. Results. After 8 weeks of daily supplementation, participants had a significant decrease in Firmicutes (p<0.001) and Actinobacteria (p<0.001) and a significant increase in Bacteroidetes (p<0.001). Bowel habits were improved as evidenced by reductions in the severity of bloating (p<0.05), gas (p=0.035), and abdominal pain (p=0.015) as well as significant improvements in stool consistency (p<0.05). Finally, a nonsignificant decrease in the inflammatory marker fecal calprotectin was seen (p=0.107). The supplement was safe and well tolerated. Conclusions. The results suggest that regular consumption of the anthocyanin-prebiotic blend positively modulated the intestinal ecosystem and provided insights into the mechanisms of action and its impact on health benefits.
    Keywords Actinobacteria ; Bacteroidetes ; Firmicutes ; anthocyanins ; ecosystems ; feces ; females ; inflammation ; intestinal microorganisms ; intestines ; males ; mechanism of action ; obesity ; pain ; prebiotics
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-0913
    Publishing place Hindawi
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2573563-9
    ISSN 2090-0732 ; 2090-0724
    ISSN (online) 2090-0732
    ISSN 2090-0724
    DOI 10.1155/2018/7497260
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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