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Article ; Online: Pleural effusion in severe aortic stenosis: marker of an adverse haemodynamic constellation and poor prognosis.

Breuss, Alexander / Porsch, Maximilian / Aschmann, André / Weber, Lukas / Appert, Sharon / Haager, Philipp K / Weilenmann, Daniel / Wildermuth, Simon / Rickli, Hans / Maeder, Micha T

ESC heart failure

2024 Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) 893–901

Abstract: Aim: Pleural effusion (PE) is a common chest radiography (CXR) finding in patients with advanced cardiac disease. The pathophysiology and clinical value of PE in this setting are incompletely defined. We aimed to assess the haemodynamic correlates and ... ...

Abstract	Aim: Pleural effusion (PE) is a common chest radiography (CXR) finding in patients with advanced cardiac disease. The pathophysiology and clinical value of PE in this setting are incompletely defined. We aimed to assess the haemodynamic correlates and prognostic impact of PE in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). Methods and results: We studied 471 patients (mean age 74 ± 10 years) with severe AS (indexed aortic valve area 0.42 ± 0.12 cm Conclusions: In severe AS patients, the presence of PE, particularly bilateral PE, is a marker of a poor haemodynamic constellation. Bilateral PE is associated with a substantially increased post-AVR mortality.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Stroke Volume/physiology ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Hemodynamics/physiology ; Prognosis ; Pleural Effusion/complications ; Pleural Effusion/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2814355-3
ISSN	2055-5822 ; 2055-5822
ISSN (online)	2055-5822
ISSN	2055-5822
DOI	10.1002/ehf2.14666
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Article ; Online: ECG left ventricular hypertrophy in aortic stenosis: Relationship with cardiac structure, invasive hemodynamics, and long-term mortality.

Sager, Patrizia / Rusch, Andreas / Weber, Lukas / Breuss, Alexander / Appert, Sharon / Brenner, Roman / Buser, Marc / Ammann, Peter / Rickli, Hans / Maeder, Micha T

Clinical cardiology

2023 Volume 47, Issue 1, Page(s) e24155

Abstract: Background: In aortic stenosis (AS), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the response to pressure overload and represents the substrate for a maladaptive cascade, the so-called AS-related cardiac damage. We hypothesized that in AS patients ... ...

Abstract	Background: In aortic stenosis (AS), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the response to pressure overload and represents the substrate for a maladaptive cascade, the so-called AS-related cardiac damage. We hypothesized that in AS patients electrocardiogram (ECG) LVH not only predicts echocardiography LVH but also other noninvasive and invasive markers of cardiac damage and prognosis after aortic valve replacement (AVR). Methods: In 279 patients with severe AS undergoing ECG, echocardiography, and cardiac catheterization before AVR, the Sokolow-Lyon index, the Cornell product, the Romhilt-Estes score, and the Peguero-Lo Presti score were assessed. Results: The mean left ventricular mass index was 109 ± 34 g/m Conclusions: Among severe AS patients, the Peguero-Lo Presti score is associated with abnormalities in cardiac structure including LVH, invasive measures of cardiac damage, and long-term mortality after AVR.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnosis ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology ; Electrocardiography ; Echocardiography ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/complications ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/diagnosis ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery ; Hemodynamics ; Hypertension/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391935-3
ISSN	1932-8737 ; 0160-9289
ISSN (online)	1932-8737
ISSN	0160-9289
DOI	10.1002/clc.24155
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Article ; Online: Pulmonary Congestion by Conventional Chest Radiography: Relationship With Hemodynamics and Mortality in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis.

Breuss, Alexander / Aschmann, André / Porsch, Maximilian / Weber, Lukas / Appert, Sharon / Haager, Philipp K / Weilenmann, Daniel / Wildermuth, Simon / Rickli, Hans / Maeder, Micha T

CJC open

2023 Volume 5, Issue 12, Page(s) 938–946

Abstract: Background: The relationship between chest radiograph (CXR) findings of pulmonary congestion and invasive hemodynamics and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiac diseases is unclear. We assessed the correlation between a CXR-based congestion score ( ... ...

Abstract	Background: The relationship between chest radiograph (CXR) findings of pulmonary congestion and invasive hemodynamics and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiac diseases is unclear. We assessed the correlation between a CXR-based congestion score (RxCS) and the mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (mPAWP) and the prognostic impact of RxCS and mPAWP in severe aortic stenosis (AS). Methods: In 471 patients with severe AS undergoing right heart catheterization and upright CXR, the RxCS was calculated (6 items, maximum score: 10 points) independently by 2 radiologists (average value taken) blinded to clinical data. Congestion was defined as an RxCS > 1. Four patterns were defined based on the presence or absence of congestion (C+ or C-) and elevated (> 15 mm Hg) or normal mPAWP (P+ or P-). Results: The median (interquartile range) RxCS was 1 (0-2). Patients with an RxCS > 1 (n = 207) had a higher mean right atrial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, mPAWP, and pulmonary vascular resistance than patients with an RxCS ≤ 1 (n = 264). However, the correlation between the RxCS and the mPAWP was moderate only ( Conclusions: In AS patients, RxCS and mPAWP have a significant but moderate correlation. Both RxCS and mPAWP provide prognostic information.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2589-790X
ISSN (online)	2589-790X
DOI	10.1016/j.cjco.2023.09.010
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Article ; Online: Estimated glomerular filtration rate, haemodynamics, and mortality in patients with aortic stenosis.

Appert, Sharon / Weber, Lukas / Breuss, Alexander / Haager, Philipp K / Joerg, Lucas / Weilenmann, Daniel / Chronis, Joannis / Rigger, Johannes / Rickli, Hans / Maeder, Micha T

European journal of clinical investigation

2023 Volume 53, Issue 6, Page(s) e13965

Abstract: Background: In aortic stenosis (AS), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is an important prognostic marker but its haemodynamic determinants are unknown. We investigated the correlation between eGFR and invasive haemodynamics and long-term ... ...

Abstract	Background: In aortic stenosis (AS), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is an important prognostic marker but its haemodynamic determinants are unknown. We investigated the correlation between eGFR and invasive haemodynamics and long-term mortality in AS patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR). Methods: We studied 503 patients [median (interquartile range) age 76 (69-81) years] with AS [indexed aortic valve area .42 (.33-.49) cm Results: The median eGFR was 67 (53-82) mL/min/1.73 m Conclusion: In patients with AS, low eGFR is a marker of an unfavourable haemodynamic constellation as well as important co-morbidities. This may in part explain the association between low eGFR and increased post-AVR mortality.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Follow-Up Studies ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery ; Aortic Valve/surgery ; Hemodynamics ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	186196-7
ISSN	1365-2362 ; 0014-2972 ; 0960-135X
ISSN (online)	1365-2362
ISSN	0014-2972 ; 0960-135X
DOI	10.1111/eci.13965
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Article ; Online: Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors.

Jia, Wenxuan / Yamamoto, Hiroaki / Kuns, Kevin / Effler, Anamaria / Evans, Matthew / Fritschel, Peter / Abbott, R / Adams, C / Adhikari, R X / Ananyeva, A / Appert, S / Arai, K / Areeda, J S / Asali, Y / Aston, S M / Austin, C / Baer, A M / Ball, M / Ballmer, S W /

Banagiri, S / Barker, D / Barsotti, L / Bartlett, J / Berger, B K / Betzwieser, J / Bhattacharjee, D / Billingsley, G / Biscans, S / Blair, C D / Blair, R M / Bode, N / Booker, P / Bork, R / Bramley, A / Brooks, A F / Brown, D D / Buikema, A / Cahillane, C / Cannon, K C / Chen, X / Ciobanu, A A / Clara, F / Compton, C M / Cooper, S J / Corley, K R / Countryman, S T / Covas, P B / Coyne, D C / Datrier, L E H / Davis, D / Di Fronzo, C / Dooley, K L / Driggers, J C / Dupej, P / Dwyer, S E / Etzel, T / Evans, T M / Feicht, J / Fernandez-Galiana, A / Frolov, V V / Fulda, P / Fyffe, M / Giaime, J A / Giardina, K D / Godwin, P / Goetz, E / Gras, S / Gray, C / Gray, R / Green, A C / Gustafson, E K / Gustafson, R / Hall, E D / Hanks, J / Hanson, J / Hardwick, T / Hasskew, R K / Heintze, M C / Helmling-Cornell, A F / Holland, N A / Jones, J D / Kandhasamy, S / Karki, S / Kasprzack, M / Kawabe, K / Kijbunchoo, N / King, P J / Kissel, J S / Kumar, Rahul / Landry, M / Lane, B B / Lantz, B / Laxen, M / Lecoeuche, Y K / Leviton, J / Liu, J / Lormand, M / Lundgren, A P / Macas, R / MacInnis, M / Macleod, D M / Mansell, G L / Márka, S / Márka, Z / Martynov, D V / Mason, K / Massinger, T J / Matichard, F / Mavalvala, N / McCarthy, R / McClelland, D E / McCormick, S / McCuller, L / McIver, J / McRae, T / Mendell, G / Merfeld, K / Merilh, E L / Meylahn, F / Mistry, T / Mittleman, R / Moreno, G / Mow-Lowry, C M / Mozzon, S / Mullavey, A / Nelson, T J N / Nguyen, P / Nuttall, L K / Oberling, J / Oram, Richard J / Osthelder, C / Ottaway, D J / Overmier, H / Palamos, J R / Parker, W / Payne, E / Pele, A / Penhorwood, R / Perez, C J / Pirello, M / Radkins, H / Ramirez, K E / Richardson, J W / Riles, K / Robertson, N A / Rollins, J G / Romel, C L / Romie, J H / Ross, M P / Ryan, K / Sadecki, T / Sanchez, E J / Sanchez, L E / Saravanan, T R / Savage, R L / Schaetzl, D / Schnabel, R / Schofield, R M S / Schwartz, E / Sellers, D / Shaffer, T / Sigg, D / Slagmolen, B J J / Smith, J R / Soni, S / Sorazu, B / Spencer, A P / Strain, K A / Sun, L / Szczepańczyk, M J / Thomas, M / Thomas, P / Thorne, K A / Toland, K / Torrie, C I / Traylor, G / Tse, M / Urban, A L / Vajente, G / Valdes, G / Vander-Hyde, D C / Veitch, P J / Venkateswara, K / Venugopalan, G / Viets, A D / Vo, T / Vorvick, C / Wade, M / Ward, R L / Warner, J / Weaver, B / Weiss, R / Whittle, C / Willke, B / Wipf, C C / Xiao, L / Yu, Hang / Yu, Haocun / Zhang, L / Zucker, M E / Zweizig, J

Physical review letters

2021 Volume 127, Issue 24, Page(s) 241102

Abstract: High-quality optical resonant cavities require low optical loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants on the resonator mirrors that absorb the light circulating in the cavity can deform the surface ... ...

Abstract	High-quality optical resonant cavities require low optical loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants on the resonator mirrors that absorb the light circulating in the cavity can deform the surface thermoelastically and thus increase losses by scattering light out of the resonant mode. The point absorber effect is a limiting factor in some high-power cavity experiments, for example, the Advanced LIGO gravitational-wave detector. In this Letter, we present a general approach to the point absorber effect from first principles and simulate its contribution to the increased scattering. The achievable circulating power in current and future gravitational-wave detectors is calculated statistically given different point absorber configurations. Our formulation is further confirmed experimentally in comparison with the scattered power in the arm cavity of Advanced LIGO measured by in situ photodiodes. The understanding presented here provides an important tool in the global effort to design future gravitational-wave detectors that support high optical power and thus reduce quantum noise.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.241102
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Article ; Online: Approaching the motional ground state of a 10-kg object.

Whittle, Chris / Hall, Evan D / Dwyer, Sheila / Mavalvala, Nergis / Sudhir, Vivishek / Abbott, R / Ananyeva, A / Austin, C / Barsotti, L / Betzwieser, J / Blair, C D / Brooks, A F / Brown, D D / Buikema, A / Cahillane, C / Driggers, J C / Effler, A / Fernandez-Galiana, A / Fritschel, P /

Frolov, V V / Hardwick, T / Kasprzack, M / Kawabe, K / Kijbunchoo, N / Kissel, J S / Mansell, G L / Matichard, F / McCuller, L / McRae, T / Mullavey, A / Pele, A / Schofield, R M S / Sigg, D / Tse, M / Vajente, G / Vander-Hyde, D C / Yu, Hang / Yu, Haocun / Adams, C / Adhikari, R X / Appert, S / Arai, K / Areeda, J S / Asali, Y / Aston, S M / Baer, A M / Ball, M / Ballmer, S W / Banagiri, S / Barker, D / Bartlett, J / Berger, B K / Bhattacharjee, D / Billingsley, G / Biscans, S / Blair, R M / Bode, N / Booker, P / Bork, R / Bramley, A / Cannon, K C / Chen, X / Ciobanu, A A / Clara, F / Compton, C M / Cooper, S J / Corley, K R / Countryman, S T / Covas, P B / Coyne, D C / Datrier, L E H / Davis, D / Di Fronzo, C / Dooley, K L / Dupej, P / Etzel, T / Evans, M / Evans, T M / Feicht, J / Fulda, P / Fyffe, M / Giaime, J A / Giardina, K D / Godwin, P / Goetz, E / Gras, S / Gray, C / Gray, R / Green, A C / Gustafson, E K / Gustafson, R / Hanks, J / Hanson, J / Hasskew, R K / Heintze, M C / Helmling-Cornell, A F / Holland, N A / Jones, J D / Kandhasamy, S / Karki, S / King, P J / Kumar, Rahul / Landry, M / Lane, B B / Lantz, B / Laxen, M / Lecoeuche, Y K / Leviton, J / Liu, J / Lormand, M / Lundgren, A P / Macas, R / MacInnis, M / Macleod, D M / Márka, S / Márka, Z / Martynov, D V / Mason, K / Massinger, T J / McCarthy, R / McClelland, D E / McCormick, S / McIver, J / Mendell, G / Merfeld, K / Merilh, E L / Meylahn, F / Mistry, T / Mittleman, R / Moreno, G / Mow-Lowry, C M / Mozzon, S / Nelson, T J N / Nguyen, P / Nuttall, L K / Oberling, J / Oram, Richard J / Osthelder, C / Ottaway, D J / Overmier, H / Palamos, J R / Parker, W / Payne, E / Penhorwood, R / Perez, C J / Pirello, M / Radkins, H / Ramirez, K E / Richardson, J W / Riles, K / Robertson, N A / Rollins, J G / Romel, C L / Romie, J H / Ross, M P / Ryan, K / Sadecki, T / Sanchez, E J / Sanchez, L E / Saravanan, T R / Savage, R L / Schaetz, D / Schnabel, R / Schwartz, E / Sellers, D / Shaffer, T / Slagmolen, B J J / Smith, J R / Soni, S / Sorazu, B / Spencer, A P / Strain, K A / Sun, L / Szczepańczyk, M J / Thomas, M / Thomas, P / Thorne, K A / Toland, K / Torrie, C I / Traylor, G / Urban, A L / Valdes, G / Veitch, P J / Venkateswara, K / Venugopalan, G / Viets, A D / Vo, T / Vorvick, C / Wade, M / Ward, R L / Warner, J / Weaver, B / Weiss, R / Willke, B / Wipf, C C / Xiao, L / Yamamoto, H / Zhang, L / Zucker, M E / Zweizig, J

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2021 Volume 372, Issue 6548, Page(s) 1333–1336

Abstract: The motion of a mechanical object, even a human-sized object, should be governed by the rules of quantum mechanics. Coaxing them into a quantum state is, however, difficult because the thermal environment masks any quantum signature of the object's ... ...

Abstract	The motion of a mechanical object, even a human-sized object, should be governed by the rules of quantum mechanics. Coaxing them into a quantum state is, however, difficult because the thermal environment masks any quantum signature of the object's motion. The thermal environment also masks the effects of proposed modifications of quantum mechanics at large mass scales. We prepared the center-of-mass motion of a 10-kilogram mechanical oscillator in a state with an average phonon occupation of 10.8. The reduction in temperature, from room temperature to 77 nanokelvin, is commensurate with an 11 orders-of-magnitude suppression of quantum back-action by feedback and a 13 orders-of-magnitude increase in the mass of an object prepared close to its motional ground state. Our approach will enable the possibility of probing gravity on massive quantum systems.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.abh2634
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Zs.MG 77: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Quantum-Enhanced Advanced LIGO Detectors in the Era of Gravitational-Wave Astronomy.

Tse, M / Yu, Haocun / Kijbunchoo, N / Fernandez-Galiana, A / Dupej, P / Barsotti, L / Blair, C D / Brown, D D / Dwyer, S E / Effler, A / Evans, M / Fritschel, P / Frolov, V V / Green, A C / Mansell, G L / Matichard, F / Mavalvala, N / McClelland, D E / McCuller, L /

McRae, T / Miller, J / Mullavey, A / Oelker, E / Phinney, I Y / Sigg, D / Slagmolen, B J J / Vo, T / Ward, R L / Whittle, C / Abbott, R / Adams, C / Adhikari, R X / Ananyeva, A / Appert, S / Arai, K / Areeda, J S / Asali, Y / Aston, S M / Austin, C / Baer, A M / Ball, M / Ballmer, S W / Banagiri, S / Barker, D / Bartlett, J / Berger, B K / Betzwieser, J / Bhattacharjee, D / Billingsley, G / Biscans, S / Blair, R M / Bode, N / Booker, P / Bork, R / Bramley, A / Brooks, A F / Buikema, A / Cahillane, C / Cannon, K C / Chen, X / Ciobanu, A A / Clara, F / Cooper, S J / Corley, K R / Countryman, S T / Covas, P B / Coyne, D C / Datrier, L E H / Davis, D / Di Fronzo, C / Driggers, J C / Etzel, T / Evans, T M / Feicht, J / Fulda, P / Fyffe, M / Giaime, J A / Giardina, K D / Godwin, P / Goetz, E / Gras, S / Gray, C / Gray, R / Gupta, Anchal / Gustafson, E K / Gustafson, R / Hanks, J / Hanson, J / Hardwick, T / Hasskew, R K / Heintze, M C / Helmling-Cornell, A F / Holland, N A / Jones, J D / Kandhasamy, S / Karki, S / Kasprzack, M / Kawabe, K / King, P J / Kissel, J S / Kumar, Rahul / Landry, M / Lane, B B / Lantz, B / Laxen, M / Lecoeuche, Y K / Leviton, J / Liu, J / Lormand, M / Lundgren, A P / Macas, R / MacInnis, M / Macleod, D M / Márka, S / Márka, Z / Martynov, D V / Mason, K / Massinger, T J / McCarthy, R / McCormick, S / McIver, J / Mendell, G / Merfeld, K / Merilh, E L / Meylahn, F / Mistry, T / Mittleman, R / Moreno, G / Mow-Lowry, C M / Mozzon, S / Nelson, T J N / Nguyen, P / Nuttall, L K / Oberling, J / Oram, R J / O'Reilly, B / Osthelder, C / Ottaway, D J / Overmier, H / Palamos, J R / Parker, W / Payne, E / Pele, A / Perez, C J / Pirello, M / Radkins, H / Ramirez, K E / Richardson, J W / Riles, K / Robertson, N A / Rollins, J G / Romel, C L / Romie, J H / Ross, M P / Ryan, K / Sadecki, T / Sanchez, E J / Sanchez, L E / Saravanan, T R / Savage, R L / Schaetzl, D / Schnabel, R / Schofield, R M S / Schwartz, E / Sellers, D / Shaffer, T J / Smith, J R / Soni, S / Sorazu, B / Spencer, A P / Strain, K A / Sun, L / Szczepańczyk, M J / Thomas, M / Thomas, P / Thorne, K A / Toland, K / Torrie, C I / Traylor, G / Urban, A L / Vajente, G / Valdes, G / Vander-Hyde, D C / Veitch, P J / Venkateswara, K / Venugopalan, G / Viets, A D / Vorvick, C / Wade, M / Warner, J / Weaver, B / Weiss, R / Willke, B / Wipf, C C / Xiao, L / Yamamoto, H / Yap, M J / Yu, Hang / Zhang, L / Zucker, M E / Zweizig, J

Physical review letters

2019 Volume 123, Issue 23, Page(s) 231107

Abstract: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) has been directly detecting gravitational waves from compact binary mergers since 2015. We report on the first use of squeezed vacuum states in the direct measurement of gravitational waves ... ...

Abstract	The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) has been directly detecting gravitational waves from compact binary mergers since 2015. We report on the first use of squeezed vacuum states in the direct measurement of gravitational waves with the Advanced LIGO H1 and L1 detectors. This achievement is the culmination of decades of research to implement squeezed states in gravitational-wave detectors. During the ongoing O3 observation run, squeezed states are improving the sensitivity of the LIGO interferometers to signals above 50 Hz by up to 3 dB, thereby increasing the expected detection rate by 40% (H1) and 50% (L1).
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.231107
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Article ; Online: Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO.

Brooks, Aidan F / Vajente, Gabriele / Yamamoto, Hiro / Abbott, Rich / Adams, Carl / Adhikari, Rana X / Ananyeva, Alena / Appert, Stephen / Arai, Koji / Areeda, Joseph S / Asali, Yasmeen / Aston, Stuart M / Austin, Corey / Baer, Anne M / Ball, Matthew / Ballmer, Stefan W / Banagiri, Sharan / Barker, David / Barsotti, Lisa /

Bartlett, Jeffrey / Berger, Beverly K / Betzwieser, Joseph / Bhattacharjee, Dripta / Billingsley, Garilynn / Biscans, Sebastien / Blair, Carl D / Blair, Ryan M / Bode, Nina / Booker, Phillip / Bork, Rolf / Bramley, Alyssa / Brown, Daniel D / Buikema, Aaron / Cahillane, Craig / Cannon, Kipp C / Cao, Huy Tuong / Chen, Xu / Ciobanu, Alexei A / Clara, Filiberto / Compton, Camilla / Cooper, Sam J / Corley, Kenneth R / Countryman, Stefan T / Covas, Pep B / Coyne, Dennis C / Datrier, Laurence E / Davis, Derek / Difronzo, Chiara D / Dooley, Katherine L / Driggers, Jenne C / Dupej, Peter / Dwyer, Sheila E / Effler, Anamaria / Etzel, Todd / Evans, Matthew / Evans, Tom M / Feicht, Jon / Fernandez-Galiana, Alvaro / Fritschel, Peter / Frolov, Valery V / Fulda, Paul / Fyffe, Michael / Giaime, Joe A / Giardina, Dwayne D / Godwin, Patrick / Goetz, Evan / Gras, Slawomir / Gray, Corey / Gray, Rachel / Green, Anna C / Gupta, Anchal / Gustafson, Eric K / Gustafson, Dick / Hall, Evan / Hanks, Jonathan / Hanson, Joe / Hardwick, Terra / Hasskew, Raine K / Heintze, Matthew C / Helmling-Cornell, Adrian F / Holland, Nathan A / Izmui, Kiamu / Jia, Wenxuan / Jones, Jeff D / Kandhasamy, Shivaraj / Karki, Sudarshan / Kasprzack, Marie / Kawabe, Keita / Kijbunchoo, Nutsinee / King, Peter J / Kissel, Jeffrey S / Kumar, Rahul / Landry, Michael / Lane, Benjamin B / Lantz, Brian / Laxen, Michael / Lecoeuche, Yannick K / Leviton, Jessica / Jian, Liu / Lormand, Marc / Lundgren, Andrew P / Macas, Ronaldas / Macinnis, Myron / Macleod, Duncan M / Mansell, Georgia L / Marka, Szabolcs / Marka, Zsuzsanna / Martynov, Denis V / Mason, Ken / Massinger, Thomas J / Matichard, Fabrice / Mavalvala, Nergis / McCarthy, Richard / McClelland, David E / McCormick, Scott / McCuller, Lee / McIver, Jessica / McRae, Terry / Mendell, Gregory / Merfeld, Kara / Merilh, Edmond L / Meylahn, Fabian / Mistry, Timesh / Mittleman, Richard / Moreno, Gerardo / Mow-Lowry, Conor M / Mozzon, Simone / Mullavey, Adam / Nelson, Timothy J / Nguyen, Philippe / Nuttall, Laura K / Oberling, Jason / Oram, Richard J / Osthelder, Charles / Ottaway, David J / Overmier, Harry / Palamos, Jordan R / Parker, William / Payne, Ethan / Pele, Arnaud / Penhorwood, Reilly / Perez, Carlos J / Pirello, Marc / Radkins, Hugh / Ramirez, Karla E / Richardson, Jonathan W / Riles, Keith / Robertson, Norna A / Rollins, Jameson G / Romel, Chandra L / Romie, Janeen H / Ross, Michael P / Ryan, Kyle / Sadecki, Travis / Sanchez, Eduardo J / Sanchez, Luis E / Tiruppatturrajamanikkam, Saravanan R / Savage, Richard L / Schaetzl, Dean / Schnabel, Roman / Schofield, Robert M / Schwartz, Eyal / Sellers, Danny / Shaffer, Thomas / Sigg, Daniel / Slagmolen, Bram J / Smith, Joshua R / Soni, Siddharth / Sorazu, Borja / Spencer, Andrew P / Strain, Ken A / Sun, Ling / Szczepanczyk, Marek J / Thomas, Michael / Thomas, Patrick / Thorne, Keith A / Toland, Karl / Torrie, Calum I / Traylor, Gary / Tse, Maggie / Urban, Alexander L / Valdes, Guillermo / Vander-Hyde, Daniel C / Veitch, Peter J / Venkateswara, Krishna / Venugopalan, Gautam / Viets, Aaron D / Vo, Thomas / Vorvick, Cheryl / Wade, Madeline / Ward, Robert L / Warner, Jim / Weaver, Betsy / Weiss, Rainer / Whittle, Chris / Willke, Benno / Wipf, Christopher C / Xiao, Liting / Yu, Hang / Yu, Haocun / Zhang, Liyuan / Zucker, Michael E / Zweizig, John

Applied optics

2021 Volume 60, Issue 13, Page(s) 4047–4063

Abstract: Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nanometer scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduce ... ...

Abstract	Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nanometer scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduce the sensitivity of the interferometer directly though a reduction in the power-recycling gain and indirect interactions with the feedback control system. We review the expected surface deformation from point absorbers and provide a pedagogical description of the impact on power buildup in second generation gravitational wave detectors (dual-recycled Fabry-Perot Michelson interferometers). This analysis predicts that the power-dependent reduction in interferometer performance will significantly degrade maximum stored power by up to 50% and, hence, limit GW sensitivity, but it suggests system wide corrections that can be implemented in current and future GW detectors. This is particularly pressing given that future GW detectors call for an order of magnitude more stored power than currently used in Advanced LIGO in Observing Run 3. We briefly review strategies to mitigate the effects of point absorbers in current and future GW wave detectors to maximize the success of these enterprises.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1539-4522
ISSN (online)	1539-4522
DOI	10.1364/AO.419689
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Article ; Online: First Demonstration of Electrostatic Damping of Parametric Instability at Advanced LIGO.

Blair, Carl / Gras, Slawek / Abbott, Richard / Aston, Stuart / Betzwieser, Joseph / Blair, David / DeRosa, Ryan / Evans, Matthew / Frolov, Valera / Fritschel, Peter / Grote, Hartmut / Hardwick, Terra / Liu, Jian / Lormand, Marc / Miller, John / Mullavey, Adam / O'Reilly, Brian / Zhao, Chunnong / Abbott, B P /

Abbott, T D / Adams, C / Adhikari, R X / Anderson, S B / Ananyeva, A / Appert, S / Arai, K / Ballmer, S W / Barker, D / Barr, B / Barsotti, L / Bartlett, J / Bartos, I / Batch, J C / Bell, A S / Billingsley, G / Birch, J / Biscans, S / Biwer, C / Bork, R / Brooks, A F / Ciani, G / Clara, F / Countryman, S T / Cowart, M J / Coyne, D C / Cumming, A / Cunningham, L / Danzmann, K / Da Silva Costa, C F / Daw, E J / DeBra, D / DeSalvo, R / Dooley, K L / Doravari, S / Driggers, J C / Dwyer, S E / Effler, A / Etzel, T / Evans, T M / Factourovich, M / Fair, H / Fernández Galiana, A / Fisher, R P / Fulda, P / Fyffe, M / Giaime, J A / Giardina, K D / Goetz, E / Goetz, R / Gray, C / Gushwa, K E / Gustafson, E K / Gustafson, R / Hall, E D / Hammond, G / Hanks, J / Hanson, J / Harry, G M / Heintze, M C / Heptonstall, A W / Hough, J / Izumi, K / Jones, R / Kandhasamy, S / Karki, S / Kasprzack, M / Kaufer, S / Kawabe, K / Kijbunchoo, N / King, E J / King, P J / Kissel, J S / Korth, W Z / Kuehn, G / Landry, M / Lantz, B / Lockerbie, N A / Lundgren, A P / MacInnis, M / Macleod, D M / Márka, S / Márka, Z / Markosyan, A S / Maros, E / Martin, I W / Martynov, D V / Mason, K / Massinger, T J / Matichard, F / Mavalvala, N / McCarthy, R / McClelland, D E / McCormick, S / McIntyre, G / McIver, J / Mendell, G / Merilh, E L / Meyers, P M / Mittleman, R / Moreno, G / Mueller, G / Munch, J / Nuttall, L K / Oberling, J / Oppermann, P / Oram, Richard J / Ottaway, D J / Overmier, H / Palamos, J R / Paris, H R / Parker, W / Pele, A / Penn, S / Phelps, M / Pierro, V / Pinto, I / Principe, M / Prokhorov, L G / Puncken, O / Quetschke, V / Quintero, E A / Raab, F J / Radkins, H / Raffai, P / Reid, S / Reitze, D H / Robertson, N A / Rollins, J G / Roma, V J / Romie, J H / Rowan, S / Ryan, K / Sadecki, T / Sanchez, E J / Sandberg, V / Savage, R L / Schofield, R M S / Sellers, D / Shaddock, D A / Shaffer, T J / Shapiro, B / Shawhan, P / Shoemaker, D H / Sigg, D / Slagmolen, B J J / Smith, B / Smith, J R / Sorazu, B / Staley, A / Strain, K A / Tanner, D B / Taylor, R / Thomas, M / Thomas, P / Thorne, K A / Thrane, E / Torrie, C I / Traylor, G / Vajente, G / Valdes, G / van Veggel, A A / Vecchio, A / Veitch, P J / Venkateswara, K / Vo, T / Vorvick, C / Walker, M / Ward, R L / Warner, J / Weaver, B / Weiss, R / Weßels, P / Willke, B / Wipf, C C / Worden, J / Wu, G / Yamamoto, H / Yancey, C C / Yu, Hang / Yu, Haocun / Zhang, L / Zucker, M E / Zweizig, J

Physical review letters

2017 Volume 118, Issue 15, Page(s) 151102

Abstract: Interferometric gravitational wave detectors operate with high optical power in their arms in order to achieve high shot-noise limited strain sensitivity. A significant limitation to increasing the optical power is the phenomenon of three-mode parametric ...

Abstract	Interferometric gravitational wave detectors operate with high optical power in their arms in order to achieve high shot-noise limited strain sensitivity. A significant limitation to increasing the optical power is the phenomenon of three-mode parametric instabilities, in which the laser field in the arm cavities is scattered into higher-order optical modes by acoustic modes of the cavity mirrors. The optical modes can further drive the acoustic modes via radiation pressure, potentially producing an exponential buildup. One proposed technique to stabilize parametric instability is active damping of acoustic modes. We report here the first demonstration of damping a parametrically unstable mode using active feedback forces on the cavity mirror. A 15 538 Hz mode that grew exponentially with a time constant of 182 sec was damped using electrostatic actuation, with a resulting decay time constant of 23 sec. An average control force of 0.03 nN was required to maintain the acoustic mode at its minimum amplitude.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.151102
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Article ; Online: Effects of transients in LIGO suspensions on searches for gravitational waves.

Walker, M / Abbott, T D / Aston, S M / González, G / Macleod, D M / McIver, J / Abbott, B P / Abbott, R / Adams, C / Adhikari, R X / Anderson, S B / Ananyeva, A / Appert, S / Arai, K / Ballmer, S W / Barker, D / Barr, B / Barsotti, L / Bartlett, J /

Bartos, I / Batch, J C / Bell, A S / Betzwieser, J / Billingsley, G / Birch, J / Biscans, S / Biwer, C / Blair, C D / Bork, R / Brooks, A F / Ciani, G / Clara, F / Countryman, S T / Cowart, M J / Coyne, D C / Cumming, A / Cunningham, L / Danzmann, K / Da Silva Costa, C F / Daw, E J / DeBra, D / DeRosa, R T / DeSalvo, R / Dooley, K L / Doravari, S / Driggers, J C / Dwyer, S E / Effler, A / Etzel, T / Evans, M / Evans, T M / Factourovich, M / Fair, H / Fernández Galiana, A / Fisher, R P / Fritschel, P / Frolov, V V / Fulda, P / Fyffe, M / Giaime, J A / Giardina, K D / Goetz, E / Goetz, R / Gras, S / Gray, C / Grote, H / Gushwa, K E / Gustafson, E K / Gustafson, R / Hall, E D / Hammond, G / Hanks, J / Hanson, J / Hardwick, T / Harry, G M / Heintze, M C / Heptonstall, A W / Hough, J / Izumi, K / Jones, R / Kandhasamy, S / Karki, S / Kasprzack, M / Kaufer, S / Kawabe, K / Kijbunchoo, N / King, E J / King, P J / Kissel, J S / Korth, W Z / Kuehn, G / Landry, M / Lantz, B / Lockerbie, N A / Lormand, M / Lundgren, A P / MacInnis, M / Márka, S / Márka, Z / Markosyan, A S / Maros, E / Martin, I W / Martynov, D V / Mason, K / Massinger, T J / Matichard, F / Mavalvala, N / McCarthy, R / McClelland, D E / McCormick, S / McIntyre, G / Mendell, G / Merilh, E L / Meyers, P M / Miller, J / Mittleman, R / Moreno, G / Mueller, G / Mullavey, A / Munch, J / Nuttall, L K / Oberling, J / Oliver, M / Oppermann, P / Oram, Richard J / O'Reilly, B / Ottaway, D J / Overmier, H / Palamos, J R / Paris, H R / Parker, W / Pele, A / Penn, S / Phelps, M / Pierro, V / Pinto, I / Principe, M / Prokhorov, L G / Puncken, O / Quetschke, V / Quintero, E A / Raab, F J / Radkins, H / Raffai, P / Reid, S / Reitze, D H / Robertson, N A / Rollins, J G / Roma, V J / Romie, J H / Rowan, S / Ryan, K / Sadecki, T / Sanchez, E J / Sandberg, V / Savage, R L / Schofield, R M S / Sellers, D / Shaddock, D A / Shaffer, T J / Shapiro, B / Shawhan, P / Shoemaker, D H / Sigg, D / Slagmolen, B J J / Smith, B / Smith, J R / Sorazu, B / Staley, A / Strain, K A / Tanner, D B / Taylor, R / Thomas, M / Thomas, P / Thorne, K A / Thrane, E / Torrie, C I / Traylor, G / Tuyenbayev, D / Vajente, G / Valdes, G / van Veggel, A A / Vecchio, A / Veitch, P J / Venkateswara, K / Vo, T / Vorvick, C / Ward, R L / Warner, J / Weaver, B / Weiss, R / Weßels, P / Willke, B / Wipf, C C / Worden, J / Wu, G / Yamamoto, H / Yancey, C C / Yu, Hang / Yu, Haocun / Zhang, L / Zucker, M E / Zweizig, J

The Review of scientific instruments

2017 Volume 88, Issue 12, Page(s) 124501

Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of the transient behavior of the Advanced LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory) suspensions used to seismically isolate the optics. We have characterized the transients in the longitudinal motion of ... ...

Abstract	This paper presents an analysis of the transient behavior of the Advanced LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory) suspensions used to seismically isolate the optics. We have characterized the transients in the longitudinal motion of the quadruple suspensions during Advanced LIGO's first observing run. Propagation of transients between stages is consistent with modeled transfer functions, such that transient motion originating at the top of the suspension chain is significantly reduced in amplitude at the test mass. We find that there are transients seen by the longitudinal motion monitors of quadruple suspensions, but they are not significantly correlated with transient motion above the noise floor in the gravitational wave strain data, and therefore do not present a dominant source of background noise in the searches for transient gravitational wave signals. Using the suspension transfer functions, we compared the transients in a week of gravitational wave strain data with transients from a quadruple suspension. Of the strain transients between 10 and 60 Hz, 84% are loud enough that they would have appeared above the sensor noise in the top stage quadruple suspension monitors if they had originated at that stage at the same frequencies. We find no significant temporal correlation with the suspension transients in that stage, so we can rule out suspension motion originating at the top stage as the cause of those transients. However, only 3.2% of the gravitational wave strain transients are loud enough that they would have been seen by the second stage suspension sensors, and none of them are above the sensor noise levels of the penultimate stage. Therefore, we cannot eliminate the possibility of transient noise in the detectors originating in the intermediate stages of the suspension below the sensing noise.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209865-9
ISSN	1089-7623 ; 0034-6748
ISSN (online)	1089-7623
ISSN	0034-6748
DOI	10.1063/1.5000264
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