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  1. Article: [Cerebral Palsy].

    Arai, Hiroshi

    Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo

    2022  Volume 74, Issue 6, Page(s) 771–776

    Abstract: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a relatively common neurological disease, and its prevalence at a transitional age is estimated to be approximately 0.2% in Japan. We should understand the pathology of CP, which causes various dysfunctions other than motor ... ...

    Abstract Cerebral palsy (CP) is a relatively common neurological disease, and its prevalence at a transitional age is estimated to be approximately 0.2% in Japan. We should understand the pathology of CP, which causes various dysfunctions other than motor disturbances, for delivering a comprehensive treatment. Rapid progress in perinatal medicine has altered the underlying brain lesions. Bilateral spastic CP associated with visual cognitive impairment due to periventricular leukomalacia has becomethe most prevalent instead of dyskinetic CP due to kernicterus. New types of brain lesions found in very premature infants will be more common among adult CP in the future. Cerebellar injury causes disturbances in cognition and communication, and bilirubin encephalopathy causes severe motor impairment with marked dystonia. The latter needs various medical treatments, including botulinum toxin and intrathecal baclofen. Elevated risk of lifestyle-related and psychological diseases should also be considered.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Cerebral Palsy/complications ; Cerebral Palsy/epidemiology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Japan ; Pregnancy
    Language Japanese
    Publishing date 2022-06-08
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390389-8
    ISSN 1344-8129 ; 1881-6096 ; 0006-8969
    ISSN (online) 1344-8129
    ISSN 1881-6096 ; 0006-8969
    DOI 10.11477/mf.1416202117
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 398: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article: Two male-killing

    Arai, Hiroshi / Watada, Masayoshi / Kageyama, Daisuke

    Royal Society open science

    2024  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 231502

    Abstract: Insects harbour diverse maternally inherited bacteria and viruses, some of which have evolved to kill the male progeny of their hosts (male killing: MK). The fly ... ...

    Abstract Insects harbour diverse maternally inherited bacteria and viruses, some of which have evolved to kill the male progeny of their hosts (male killing: MK). The fly species
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2787755-3
    ISSN 2054-5703
    ISSN 2054-5703
    DOI 10.1098/rsos.231502
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  3. Article ; Online: Genomic insights into Spiroplasma endosymbionts that induce male-killing and protective phenotypes in the pea aphid.

    Arai, Hiroshi / Legeai, Fabrice / Kageyama, Daisuke / Sugio, Akiko / Simon, Jean-Christophe

    FEMS microbiology letters

    2024  Volume 371

    Abstract: The endosymbiotic bacteria Spiroplasma (Mollicutes) infect diverse plants and arthropods, and some of which induce male killing, where male hosts are killed during development. Male-killing Spiroplasma strains belong to either the phylogenetically ... ...

    Abstract The endosymbiotic bacteria Spiroplasma (Mollicutes) infect diverse plants and arthropods, and some of which induce male killing, where male hosts are killed during development. Male-killing Spiroplasma strains belong to either the phylogenetically distant Citri-Poulsonii or Ixodetis groups. In Drosophila flies, Spiroplasma poulsonii induces male killing via the Spaid toxin. While Spiroplasma ixodetis infects a wide range of insects and arachnids, little is known about the genetic basis of S. ixodetis-induced male killing. Here, we analyzed the genome of S. ixodetis strains in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Aphididae, Hemiptera). Genome sequencing constructed a complete genome of a male-killing strain, sAp269, consisting of a 1.5 Mb circular chromosome and an 80 Kb plasmid. sAp269 encoded putative virulence factors containing either ankyrin repeat, ovarian tumor-like deubiquitinase, or ribosome inactivating protein domains, but lacked the Spaid toxin. Further comparative genomics of Spiroplasma strains in A. pisum biotypes adapted to different host plants revealed their phylogenetic associations and the diversity of putative virulence factors. Although the mechanisms of S. ixodetis-induced male killing in pea aphids remain elusive, this study underlines the dynamic genome evolution of S. ixodetis and proposes independent acquisition events of male-killing mechanisms in insects.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Spiroplasma/genetics ; Spiroplasma/physiology ; Spiroplasma/classification ; Aphids/microbiology ; Symbiosis ; Genome, Bacterial ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Phenotype ; Genomics ; Virulence Factors/genetics ; Female ; Pisum sativum/microbiology ; Pisum sativum/parasitology
    Chemical Substances Virulence Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 752343-9
    ISSN 1574-6968 ; 0378-1097
    ISSN (online) 1574-6968
    ISSN 0378-1097
    DOI 10.1093/femsle/fnae027
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1372: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: The Lower the Physical Function, the Higher the Quality of Life in Japanese Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy.

    Kato, Masako / Arai, Hiroshi / Komatsu, Koyu / Tateyama, Kiyomi / Nishikawa, Takashi

    Physical & occupational therapy in pediatrics

    2023  Volume 43, Issue 6, Page(s) 713–724

    Abstract: Aims: To investigate the factors that contribute to subjective quality of life (QOL) in adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).: Methods: We evaluated the subjective QOL in 51 adolescents with CP through interviews using the Japanese version of ... ...

    Abstract Aims: To investigate the factors that contribute to subjective quality of life (QOL) in adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).
    Methods: We evaluated the subjective QOL in 51 adolescents with CP through interviews using the Japanese version of KIDSCREEN-27 (J-KIDSCREEN-27) and compared the scores with those of 60 typically developing adolescents. Correlations of subjective QOL with age, sex, the levels of functions (gross motor, manipulation, and communication), intelligence, the level of activity of daily living (ADL), and the type of educational support were examined. Thereafter, we investigated the predictors of the subjective QOL by multiple regression analysis.
    Results: The total QOL scores and individual J-KIDSCREEN-27 domains were not significantly different from those of typically developing adolescents. Sex, manipulation and communication functions, and intelligence had no relationship with subjective QOL. Gross motor function and ADL level negatively correlated with satisfaction with the school environment. Multiple regression analysis revealed that higher age predicts lower psychological well-being, lower gross motor function predicts higher satisfaction with the school environment, and attending schools or classes for special needs predicts higher physical well-being.
    Conclusions: Seeking adequate support for mildly affected adolescents attending regular classes will be the key to further improving subjective QOL in adolescents with CP.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adolescent ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Cerebral Palsy ; East Asian People ; Parents/psychology ; Psychological Well-Being ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 783998-4
    ISSN 1541-3144 ; 0194-2638
    ISSN (online) 1541-3144
    ISSN 0194-2638
    DOI 10.1080/01942638.2023.2186197
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  5. Article: Male-killing mechanisms vary between

    Arai, Hiroshi / Inoue, Maki N / Kageyama, Daisuke

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 1075199

    Abstract: Male-killing, a male-specific death of arthropod hosts during development, is induced ... ...

    Abstract Male-killing, a male-specific death of arthropod hosts during development, is induced by
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1075199
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  6. Book ; Online: Ising formulations for two-dimensional cutting stock problem with setup cost

    Arai, Hiroshi / Haraguchi, Harumi

    2021  

    Abstract: We proposed the method that translates the 2-D CSP for minimizing the number of cuts to the Ising model. After that, we conducted computer experiments of the proposed model using the benchmark problem. From the above, the following results are obtained. ( ...

    Abstract We proposed the method that translates the 2-D CSP for minimizing the number of cuts to the Ising model. After that, we conducted computer experiments of the proposed model using the benchmark problem. From the above, the following results are obtained. (1) The proposed Ising model adequately represents the target problem. (2) Acceptance rates were low as 0.2% to 9.8% and from 21.8% to 49.4%. (3) Error rates from optimal solution were broad as 0% to 25.9%. As the future work, (1) Improve the Hamiltonian for Constraints. (2) Improve the proposed model to adjust more complex 2-D CSP and reduce the number of spins when it deals with large materials and components. (3) Conduct experiments using a quantum annealer.

    Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables
    Keywords Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms ; 13P25 ; I.6.0
    Publishing date 2021-03-31
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Mass-Rearing and Molecular Studies in Tortricidae Pest Insects.

    Arai, Hiroshi / Ishitsubo, Yuna / Nakai, Madoka / Inoue, Maki N

    Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

    2022  , Issue 181

    Abstract: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera), commonly known as tortrix or leafroller moths, comprises many agricultural and forestry pests, which cause serious agricultural losses. To understand the biology of such pest moths, fundamental techniques have been in high ... ...

    Abstract Tortricidae (Lepidoptera), commonly known as tortrix or leafroller moths, comprises many agricultural and forestry pests, which cause serious agricultural losses. To understand the biology of such pest moths, fundamental techniques have been in high demand. Here, methods for mass-rearing, observations, and molecular studies are developed using two tea tortrix, Homona magnanima and Adoxophyes honmai (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Insects were mass-reared with sliced artificial diet and maintained by inbreeding for over 100 generations by considering their biological characteristics. Insects have various sex dimorphisms; hence it is difficult to distinguish the sex during the developing stages, which have prevented subsequent assays. The present work highlighted that the sex of tortricids larvae could be determined by observing testes or lactic-acetic orcein staining to visualize the female-specific W chromosome. Moreover, using the sex determination methods, the present study enabled nucleic acid extractions from sex determined embryos and application toward high throughput sequencing. These tips are applicable for other pest insects and will facilitate further morphological and genetic studies.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Female ; Larva/genetics ; Moths/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Video-Audio Media ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2259946-0
    ISSN 1940-087X ; 1940-087X
    ISSN (online) 1940-087X
    ISSN 1940-087X
    DOI 10.3791/63737
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  8. Article ; Online: High-quality genome of the zoophytophagous stink bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis, informs their food habit adaptation.

    Shibata, Tomofumi / Shimoda, Masami / Kobayashi, Tetsuya / Arai, Hiroshi / Owashi, Yuta / Uehara, Takuya

    G3 (Bethesda, Md.)

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 2

    Abstract: The zoophytophagous stink bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis, is a promising natural enemy of micro-pests such as whiteflies and thrips. This bug possesses both phytophagous and entomophagous food habits, enabling it to obtain nutrition from both plants and ... ...

    Abstract The zoophytophagous stink bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis, is a promising natural enemy of micro-pests such as whiteflies and thrips. This bug possesses both phytophagous and entomophagous food habits, enabling it to obtain nutrition from both plants and insects. This trait allows us to maintain its population density in agricultural fields by introducing insectary plants, even when the pest prey density is extremely low. However, if the bugs' population becomes too dense, they can sometimes damage crop plants. This dual character seems to arise from the food preferences and chemosensation of this predator. To understand the genomic landscape of N. tenuis, we examined the whole genome sequence of a commercially available Japanese strain. We used long-read sequencing and Hi-C analysis to assemble the genome at the chromosomal level. We then conducted a comparative analysis of the genome with previously reported genomes of phytophagous and hematophagous stink bugs to focus on the genetic factors contributing to this species' herbivorous and carnivorous tendencies. Our findings suggest that the gustatory gene set plays a pivotal role in adapting to food habits, making it a promising target for selective breeding. Furthermore, we identified the whole genomes of microorganisms symbiotic with this species through genomic analysis. We believe that our results shed light on the food habit adaptations of N. tenuis and will accelerate breeding efforts based on new breeding techniques for natural enemy insects, including genomics and genome editing.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Heteroptera/genetics ; Feeding Behavior ; Population Density ; Herbivory
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2629978-1
    ISSN 2160-1836 ; 2160-1836
    ISSN (online) 2160-1836
    ISSN 2160-1836
    DOI 10.1093/g3journal/jkad289
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  9. Article ; Online: Risk factors for hip dislocation in dyskinetic cerebral palsy.

    Okuno, Kyoko / Kitai, Yukihiro / Shibata, Toru / Arai, Hiroshi

    Journal of orthopaedic surgery (Hong Kong)

    2021  Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 23094990211001196

    Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the risk factors for hip displacement in patients with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP).: Methods: We evaluated 81 patients with DCP, 45 males and 36 females, aged 10-22 years, risk factors for hip displacement were evaluated ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To investigate the risk factors for hip displacement in patients with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP).
    Methods: We evaluated 81 patients with DCP, 45 males and 36 females, aged 10-22 years, risk factors for hip displacement were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis with primary brain lesions, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, gestational age, birth weight, Cobb's angle, and complication of epilepsy as independent factors. Hip displacement was defined as migration percentage >30%. Primary brain lesions were classified into globus pallidus (GP), thalamus and putamen (TP), and others using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Perinatal and clinical features were compared between patients with GP lesions and those with TP lesions.
    Results: Hip displacement was observed in 53 patients (67%). Higher GMFCS levels (p = 0.013, odds ratio [OR] 2.6) and the presence of GP lesions (p = 0.04, OR 16.5) were independent risk factors for hip displacement. Patients with GP lesions showed significantly higher GMFCS levels, more frequent hip displacement, and lower gestational age and birth weight than those with TP lesions.
    Conclusion: Primary brain lesion location may be an important factor in predicting hip displacement among patients with DCP. Appropriate risk assessment using brain MRI may contribute to the early detection and intervention of hip displacement because brain lesion location can be assessed during infancy before GMFCS level is decided.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/pathology ; Cerebral Palsy/complications ; Cerebral Palsy/diagnosis ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip/diagnostic imaging ; Hip/pathology ; Hip Dislocation/diagnosis ; Hip Dislocation/etiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Radiography ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1493368-8
    ISSN 2309-4990 ; 1022-5536
    ISSN (online) 2309-4990
    ISSN 1022-5536
    DOI 10.1177/23094990211001196
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 5104: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities during the neonatal period in preterm infants with bilirubin encephalopathy.

    Okumura, Akihisa / Kitai, Yukihiro / Arai, Hiroshi

    Pediatrics and neonatology

    2021  Volume 62, Issue 5, Page(s) 567–568

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; Kernicterus/diagnostic imaging ; Kernicterus/etiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-23
    Publishing country Singapore
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2441816-X
    ISSN 2212-1692 ; 1875-9572
    ISSN (online) 2212-1692
    ISSN 1875-9572
    DOI 10.1016/j.pedneo.2021.03.013
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