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  1. Article ; Online: Political rationale, aims, and outcomes of health-related high-level meetings and special sessions at the UN General Assembly

    Paolo Rodi / Werner Obermeyer / Ariel Pablos-Mendez / Andrea Gori / Mario C Raviglione

    PLoS Medicine, Vol 19, Iss 1, p e

    A policy research observational study.

    2022  Volume 1003873

    Abstract: Background Recognising the substantial political weight of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), a UN General Assembly special session (UNGASS) and high-level meetings (HLMs) have been pursued and held for 5 health-related topics thus far. They ... ...

    Abstract Background Recognising the substantial political weight of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), a UN General Assembly special session (UNGASS) and high-level meetings (HLMs) have been pursued and held for 5 health-related topics thus far. They have focused on human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS, 2001), non-communicable diseases (NCDs, 2011), antimicrobial resistance (AMR, 2016), tuberculosis (TB, 2018), and universal health coverage (UHC, 2019). This observational study presents a comprehensive analysis of the political and policy background that prompted the events, as well as an assessment of aims, approaches, and ultimate outcomes. Methods and findings We investigated relevant agencies' official documents, performed a literature search, and accessed international institutions' websites for the period 1990-2020. Knowledgeable diplomatic staff and experts provided additional information. Outcomes were evaluated from a United Nations perspective based on national and international commitments, and funding trends. Eliciting an effective governmental response through UNGASSs/HLMs is a challenge. However, increased international commitment was evident after the HIV/AIDS (2001), NCDs (2011), and AMR (2016) meetings. The more recent TB (2018) and UHC (2019) HLMs have received general endorsements internationally, although concrete commitments are not yet documented. Although attribution can only be hypothesized, financial investments for HIV/AIDS following the UNGASS were remarkable, whereas following HLMs for NCDs, AMR, and TB, the financial investments remained insufficient to face the burden of these threats. Thus far, the HIV/AIDS UNGASS was the only one followed by a level of commitment that has likely contributed to the reversal of the previous burden trend. Limitations of this study include its global perspective and aerial view that cannot discern the effects at the country level. Additionally, possible peculiarities that modified the response to the meetings were ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Build back stronger universal health coverage systems after the COVID-19 pandemic

    Fabrizio Tediosi / Knut Lönnroth / Mario Raviglione / Ariel Pablos-Méndez

    BMJ Global Health, Vol 5, Iss

    the need for better governance and linkage with universal social protection

    2020  Volume 10

    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Global ecological analysis of COVID-19 mortality and comparison between “the East” and “the West”

    Ariel Pablos-Méndez / Simone Villa / Maria Cristina Monti / Mario Carlo Raviglione / Hilary Brown Tabish / Timothy Grant Evans / Richard Alan Cash

    Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2022  Volume 10

    Abstract: Abstract Although SARS-CoV-2 was first reported in China and neighbouring countries, the pandemic quickly spread around the globe. This paper explores national drivers of the pandemic and the radically different epidemiology and response in the West and ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Although SARS-CoV-2 was first reported in China and neighbouring countries, the pandemic quickly spread around the globe. This paper explores national drivers of the pandemic and the radically different epidemiology and response in the West and in the East. We studied coronavirus disease (COVID-19) mortality until 31st December 2020, using an ecological study design, considering baseline characteristics and responses that might account for the uneven impact of the pandemic. A multivariable regression model was developed to explore key determinants. Key variables in the West were contrasted with those in the East, and speed of response was examined. Worldwide, 2.24 million COVID-19 deaths were documented in 2020. Western countries reported a median mortality 114 times that of the East (684 vs. 6.0 per million). Significant correlates of mortality in countries with at least 1 million population were median age, obesity prevalence, and democracy index; political stability and experience of SARS in 2002–2003 were protective; health system variables and income inequality were not associated. Outputs of the model were consistent when adjusted for stringency index, timeliness of stay-at-home requirements, and geographical autocorrelation. The West experiences a much higher COVID-19 mortality than the East. Despite structural advantages in the West, delays in national responses early on resulted in a loss of control over the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Although the early success of the East was sustained in the second half of 2020, the region remains extremely vulnerable to COVID-19 until enough people are immunized.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 950
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: The Economic Transition of Health in Africa

    Caroline Ly / Patrick Eozenou / Allyala Nandakumar / Ariel Pablos-Mendez / Timothy Evans / Olusoji Adeyi

    Health Systems & Reform, Vol 3, Iss 4, Pp 290-

    A Call for Progressive Pragmatism to Shape the Future of Health Financing

    2017  Volume 300

    Abstract: Abstract—The new financing landscape for the Sustainable Development Goals has a larger emphasis on domestic resource mobilization. But, given the significant role of donor assistance for health, the fungibility of government health spending, and the ... ...

    Abstract Abstract—The new financing landscape for the Sustainable Development Goals has a larger emphasis on domestic resource mobilization. But, given the significant role of donor assistance for health, the fungibility of government health spending, and the downward revision of global growth, this article looks at what is possible with regard to a country's own ability to finance priority health services. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal economic and health spending data, we employ a global multilevel model with regional and country random effects to develop gross domestic product (GDP) projections that inform a dynamic panel data model to forecast health spending. We then assess sub-Saharan African countries' abilities to afford to finance their own essential health needs and find that there are countries that will still rely on high out-of-pocket or donor spending to finance an essential package of health services. To address this, we discuss policy opportunities for each set of countries over the next 15 years. This longer-term view of the economic transition of health in Africa stresses the imperative of engaging policy now to prioritize customized strategies and institutional arrangements to increase domestic financing, improve value for money, and ensure fairer and sustainable health financing. We address the need for rhetoric on UHC to incorporate “progressive pragmatism,” a proactive joint approach by developing country governments and their development partners to ensure that policies designed to achieve universal health coverage align with the economic reality of available domestic and donor financing.
    Keywords africa ; economic transition ; health financing ; universal health coverage ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Taylor & Francis Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Rebalancing the global battle against tuberculosis

    Mario Raviglione / Mukund Uplekar / Cheri Vincent / Ariel Pablos-Méndez

    The Lancet Global Health, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp e71-e

    2014  Volume 72

    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Ending preventable maternal deaths

    Flavia Bustreo / Lale Say / Marge Koblinsky / Thomas W Pullum / Marleen Temmerman / Ariel Pablos-Méndez

    The Lancet Global Health, Vol 1, Iss 4, Pp e176-e

    the time is now

    2013  Volume 177

    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: From Bangkok to Mexico

    Tikki Pang / Ariel Pablos-Mendez / Carel IJsselmuiden

    Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol 82, Iss 10, Pp 720-

    towards a framework for turning knowledge into action to improve health systems

    2004  Volume 721

    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Public Health ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher World Health Organization
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Salud global 2035

    Naomi Beyeler / Eduardo González-Pier / George Alleyne / Mariana Barraza-Lloréns / Julio Frenk / Ariel Pablos-Mendez / Ricardo Pérez-Cuevas / Ferdinando Regalia / Jaime Sepúlveda / Dean Jamison / Gavin Yamey

    Salud Pública de México, Vol 57, Iss 5, Pp 441-

    implicaciones para México

    2015  Volume 443

    Abstract: En noviembre de 2014, la Secretaría de Salud de México fue sede de una mesa redonda con miembros de la Comisión de The Lancet para la Inversión en Salud (CIS) para analizar el informe de esta misma comisión titulado Salud global 2035 y sus posibles ... ...

    Abstract En noviembre de 2014, la Secretaría de Salud de México fue sede de una mesa redonda con miembros de la Comisión de The Lancet para la Inversión en Salud (CIS) para analizar el informe de esta misma comisión titulado Salud global 2035 y sus posibles implicaciones para el mejoramiento de la salud pública.
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Epidemiology of Meningococcal Disease, New York City, 1989–2000

    Alexandre Sampaio Moura / Ariel Pablos-Méndez / Marcelle Layton / Don Weiss

    Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 9, Iss 3, Pp 355-

    2003  Volume 361

    Abstract: Study of the epidemiologic trends in meningococcal disease is important in understanding infection dynamics and developing timely and appropriate public health interventions. We studied surveillance data from the New York City Department of Health and ... ...

    Abstract Study of the epidemiologic trends in meningococcal disease is important in understanding infection dynamics and developing timely and appropriate public health interventions. We studied surveillance data from the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, which showed that during 1989–2000 a decrease occurred in both the proportion of patients with serogroup B infection (from 28% to 13% of reported cases; p<0.01) and the rate of serogroup B infection (from 0.25/100,000 to 0.08/100,000; p<0.01). We also noted an increased proportion (from 3% to 39%; p<0.01) and rate of serogroup Y infection (from 0.02/100,000 to 0.23/100,000; p<0.01). Median patient age increased (from 15 to 30 years; p<0.01). The case-fatality rate for the period was 17%. As more effective meningococcal vaccines become available, recommendations for their use in nonepidemic settings should consider current epidemiologic trends, particularly changes in age and serogroup distribution of meningococcal infections.
    Keywords Neisseria meningitidis ; meningitis ; surveillance ; serogroup ; case fatality rate ; New York City ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Human resources for health and universal health coverage

    James Campbell / James Buchan / Giorgio Cometto / Benedict David / Gilles Dussault / Helga Fogstad / Ines Fronteira / Rafael Lozano / Frank Nyonator / Ariel Pablos-Mendez / Estelle E Quain / Ann Starrs / Viroj Tangcharoensathien

    Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol 91, Iss 11, Pp 853-

    fostering equity and effective coverage

    2013  Volume 863

    Abstract: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves distributing resources, especially human resources for health (HRH), to match population needs. This paper explores the policy lessons on HRH from four countries that have achieved sustained improvements ...

    Abstract Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves distributing resources, especially human resources for health (HRH), to match population needs. This paper explores the policy lessons on HRH from four countries that have achieved sustained improvements in UHC: Brazil, Ghana, Mexico and Thailand. Its purpose is to inform global policy and financial commitments on HRH in support of UHC. The paper reports on country experiences using an analytical framework that examines effective coverage in relation to the availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality (AAAQ) of HRH. The AAAQ dimensions make it possible to perform tracing analysis on HRH policy actions since 1990 in the four countries of interest in relation to national trends in workforce numbers and population mortality rates. The findings inform key principles for evidence-based decision-making on HRH in support of UHC. First, HRH are critical to the expansion of health service coverage and the package of benefits; second, HRH strategies in each of the AAAQ dimensions collectively support achievements in effective coverage; and third, success is achieved through partnerships involving health and non-health actors. Facing the unprecedented health and development challenges that affect all countries and transforming HRH evidence into policy and practice must be at the heart of UHC and the post-2015 development agenda. It is a political imperative requiring national commitment and leadership to maximize the impact of available financial and human resources, and improve healthy life expectancy, with the recognition that improvements in health care are enabled by a health workforce that is fit for purpose.
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher World Health Organization
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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