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Article ; Online: Bioenergie und Aufforstung sind ambivalent

Arneth, A.

Biodiversität im Meer und an Land. Vom Wert biologischer Vielfalt

2020

Abstract: Eines scheint sicher: Die wachsende Weltbevölkerung wird sich wohl ernähren können, wenn weiterhin die Erträge gesteigert werden und gleichzeitig Armut reduziert wird. Allerdings ist die Produktion von Nahrungsmitteln derzeit entkoppelt von einer ... ...

Abstract	Eines scheint sicher: Die wachsende Weltbevölkerung wird sich wohl ernähren können, wenn weiterhin die Erträge gesteigert werden und gleichzeitig Armut reduziert wird. Allerdings ist die Produktion von Nahrungsmitteln derzeit entkoppelt von einer nachhaltigen Land- und Meeresnutzung. Sie verschlechtert andere Leistungen, die Ökosysteme erbringen und trägt erheblich zum Verlust von Biodiversität bei. Der Klimawandel wird in Zukunft ein weiterer Aspekt sein, der berücksichtigt werden muss. Insbesondere die monokulturelle Aufforstung und der zusätzliche, großskalige Anbau von Bioenergiepflanzen sind laut des Berichtes des Weltbiodiversitätsrates kritisch zu sehen. ■ Die großflächige Umnutzung von Flächen für Aufforstung bzw. Bioenergie steht in direkter Konkurrenz zur Produktion von Nahrungsmitteln. Eine Vielzahl von Studien weist auf potentiell stark negative Nebeneffekte hin. ■ Insbesondere die großflächige Aufforstung zum Anbau von Bioenergiepflanzen (z.B. Mais, Zuckerrohr oder Elefantengras) oder aber die Schaffung von großen Waldmonokulturen ist problematisch. ■ Nachhaltig sind Szenarien, die von einem reduzierten Fleischkonsum in den Industrienationen und stark verminderten Emissionen von Treibhausgasen ausgehen. Sie zeigen, dass der Verlust an Biodiversität dann stark eingedämmt werden könnte.
Language	German
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Benefits and trade-offs of optimizing global land use for food, water, and carbon.

Bayer, Anita D / Lautenbach, Sven / Arneth, Almut

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2023 Volume 120, Issue 42, Page(s) e2220371120

Abstract: Current large-scale patterns of land use reflect history, local traditions, and production costs, much more so than they reflect biophysical potential or global supply and demand for food and freshwater, or-more recently-climate change mitigation. We ... ...

Abstract	Current large-scale patterns of land use reflect history, local traditions, and production costs, much more so than they reflect biophysical potential or global supply and demand for food and freshwater, or-more recently-climate change mitigation. We quantified alternative land-use allocations that consider trade-offs for these demands by combining a dynamic vegetation model and an optimization algorithm to determine Pareto-optimal land-use allocations under changing climate conditions in 2090-2099 and alternatively in 2033-2042. These form the outer bounds of the option space for global land-use transformation. Results show a potential to increase all three indicators (+83% in crop production, +8% in available runoff, and +3% in carbon storage globally) compared to the current land-use configuration, with clear land-use priority areas: Tropical and boreal forests were preserved, crops were produced in temperate regions, and pastures were preferentially allocated in semiarid grasslands and savannas. Transformations toward optimal land-use patterns would imply extensive reconfigurations and changes in land management, but the required annual land-use changes were nevertheless of similar magnitude as those suggested by established land-use change scenarios. The optimization results clearly show that large benefits could be achieved when land use is reconsidered under a "global supply" perspective with a regional focus that differs across the world's regions in order to achieve the supply of key ecosystem services under the emerging global pressures.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2220371120
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Book ; Online: Der Entwurf für ein EU-Klimagesetz ist unzureichend

Arneth, A. / Kunstmann, H.

2020

Abstract: Wie erfolgversprechend ist der Gesetzesvorschlag der EU-Kommission, Europa bis 2050 klimaneutral zu machen? Ein Kommentar von Prof. Almut Arneth und Prof. Harald Kunstmann vom Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT). ...

Abstract	Wie erfolgversprechend ist der Gesetzesvorschlag der EU-Kommission, Europa bis 2050 klimaneutral zu machen? Ein Kommentar von Prof. Almut Arneth und Prof. Harald Kunstmann vom Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT).
Language	German
Publisher	Earth System Knowledge Platform
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Globale Biodiversität in der Krise

Drenckhahn, Detlev / Arneth, Almut / Filser, Juliane / Haberl, Helmut / Hansjürgens, Bernd / Herrmann, Bernd / Homeier, Jürgen / Leuschner, Christoph / Mosbrugger, Volker / Reusch, Thorsten B. H. / Schäffer, Andreas / Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael / Tockner, Klement / Steinicke, Henning

Was können Deutschland und die EU dagegen tun? = Global biodiversity in crisis : What can Germany and the EU do about it?

(Diskussion / Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina ; Nr. 24)

2020

Abstract: Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler aus verschiedenen Disziplinen der Biodiversität, Ökologie, Ökonomie, Anthropologie und integrierten Landsystem-Forschung haben sich mit Fragen der globalen Krise der biologischen Vielfalt befasst. In dem daraus ... ...

Title variant	Global biodiversity in crisis : What can Germany and the EU do about it? ; Global biodiversity in crisis
Author's details	Detlev Drenckhahn, Almut Arneth, Juliane Filser, Helmut Haberl, Bernd Hansjürgens, Bernd Herrmann, Jürgen Homeier, Christoph Leuschner, Volker Mosbrugger, Thorsten Reusch, Andreas Schäffer, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Klement Tockner ; Redaktion: Prof. Dr. Detlev Drenckhahn ML, Dr. Henning Steinicke (Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina) ; Herausgeber: Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina e. V. - Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften
Series title	Diskussion / Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina ; Nr. 24 Diskussion
Collection	Diskussion
Abstract	Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler aus verschiedenen Disziplinen der Biodiversität, Ökologie, Ökonomie, Anthropologie und integrierten Landsystem-Forschung haben sich mit Fragen der globalen Krise der biologischen Vielfalt befasst. In dem daraus resultierenden Diskussionspapier „Globale Biodiversität in der Krise - Was können Deutschland und die EU dagegen tun?“ und in dem dazugehörenden Dokumentationsband zeigen die Autorinnen und Autoren auf, wie Deutschland und Europa reagieren sollten, um das gemeinsame Ziel zu erreichen, den Verlust an Biodiversität zu stoppen. Die Vielfalt von Pflanzen und Tieren ist eine unserer wichtigsten Lebensgrundlagen. Teil der Evolution war und ist immer auch das Aussterben und die Neuentstehung von Arten. In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist jedoch ein in der Geschichte der Erde bisher nie erreichtes Massenaussterben von Pflanzen- und Tierarten zu beobachten.^ Der Einfluss des Menschen auf alle Bereiche unserer Umwelt hat so nicht nur zu Klimawandel geführt, sondern auch dazu, dass ein großer Teil der biologischen Vielfalt unwiederbringlich verloren gegangen ist. Was dies für das langfristige Überleben der Menschheit bedeutet, ist aktuell kaum abschätzbar. Wichtig ist jedoch, dass sowohl der Schutz des Klimas als auch der Schutz der Biodiversität untrennbar miteinander verbundene Herausforderungen für die Menschheit sind. Die Weltgemeinschaft hat bereits bei der Konvention von Rio 1992 die Dringlichkeit anerkannt, die dem Biodiversitätsschutz zukommt. In den letzten fast 30 Jahren verpflichteten sich die Vertragsstaaten zu verschiedenen Zielen, die dem Schutz der Biodiversität dienen sollen und den Verlust der Vielfalt möglichst stoppen sollten. Vieles wurde erreicht, aber der Verlust der Vielfalt geht kaum gebremst weiter. Publikationen in der Reihe „Leopoldina Diskussion“ sind Beiträge der genannten Autorinnen und Autoren.^ Mit den Diskussionspapieren bietet die Akademie Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern die Möglichkeit, flexibel und ohne einen formellen Arbeitsgruppen-Prozess Denkanstöße zu geben oder Diskurse anzuregen und hierfür auch Empfehlungen zu formulieren.
Language	German ; English
Size	1 Online-Ressource (39 Seiten, 0,69 MB), Diagramm
Edition	Stand: Mai 2020
Publisher	Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina e.V. - Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften
Publishing place	Halle (Saale)
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT020536728
ISBN	978-3-8047-4067-9 ; 3-8047-4067-7
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: Climate science: Uncertain future for vegetation cover.

Arneth, Almut

Nature

2015 Volume 524, Issue 7563, Page(s) 44–45

Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/524044a
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Article ; Online: High energy and fertilizer prices are more damaging than food export curtailment from Ukraine and Russia for food prices, health and the environment.

Alexander, Peter / Arneth, Almut / Henry, Roslyn / Maire, Juliette / Rabin, Sam / Rounsevell, Mark D A

Nature food

2022 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 84–95

Abstract: Higher food prices arising from restrictions on exports from Russia or Ukraine have been exacerbated by energy price rises, leading to higher costs for agricultural inputs such as fertilizer. Here, using a scenario modelling approach, we quantify the ... ...

Abstract	Higher food prices arising from restrictions on exports from Russia or Ukraine have been exacerbated by energy price rises, leading to higher costs for agricultural inputs such as fertilizer. Here, using a scenario modelling approach, we quantify the potential outcomes of increasing agricultural input costs and the curtailment of exports from Russia and Ukraine on human health and the environment. We show that, combined, agricultural inputs costs and food export restrictions could increase food costs by 60-100% in 2023 from 2021 levels, potentially leading to undernourishment of 61-107 million people in 2023 and annual additional deaths of 416,000 to 1.01 million people if the associated dietary patterns are maintained. Furthermore, reduced land use intensification arising from higher input costs would lead to agricultural land expansion and associated carbon and biodiversity loss. The impact of agricultural input costs on food prices is larger than that from curtailment of Russian and Ukrainian exports. Restoring food trade from Ukraine and Russia alone is therefore insufficient to avoid food insecurity problem from higher energy and fertilizer prices. We contend that the immediacy of the food export problems associated with the war diverted attention away from the principal causes of current global food insecurity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Ukraine/epidemiology ; Fertilizers ; Food ; Russia ; Biodiversity
Chemical Substances	Fertilizers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2662-1355
ISSN (online)	2662-1355
DOI	10.1038/s43016-022-00659-9
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Article ; Online: Making protected areas effective for biodiversity, climate and food.

Arneth, Almut / Leadley, Paul / Claudet, Joachim / Coll, Marta / Rondinini, Carlo / Rounsevell, Mark D A / Shin, Yunne-Jai / Alexander, Peter / Fuchs, Richard

Global change biology

2023 Volume 29, Issue 14, Page(s) 3883–3894

Abstract: The spatial extent of marine and terrestrial protected areas (PAs) was among the most intensely debated issues prior to the decision about the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Positive impacts of ... ...

Abstract	The spatial extent of marine and terrestrial protected areas (PAs) was among the most intensely debated issues prior to the decision about the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Positive impacts of PAs on habitats, species diversity and abundance are well documented. Yet, biodiversity loss continues unabated despite efforts to protect 17% of land and 10% of the oceans by 2020. This casts doubt on whether extending PAs to 30%, the agreed target in the Kunming-Montreal GBF, will indeed achieve meaningful biodiversity benefits. Critically, the focus on area coverage obscures the importance of PA effectiveness and overlooks concerns about the impact of PAs on other sustainability objectives. We propose a simple means of assessing and visualising the complex relationships between PA area coverage and effectiveness and their effects on biodiversity conservation, nature-based climate mitigation and food production. Our analysis illustrates how achieving a 30% PA global target could be beneficial for biodiversity and climate. It also highlights important caveats: (i) achieving lofty area coverage objectives alone will be of little benefit without concomitant improvements in effectiveness, (ii) trade-offs with food production particularly for high levels of coverage and effectiveness are likely and (iii) important differences in terrestrial and marine systems need to be recognized when setting and implementing PA targets. The CBD's call for a significant increase in PA will need to be accompanied by clear PA effectiveness goals to reduce and revert dangerous anthropogenic impacts on socio-ecological systems and biodiversity.
MeSH term(s)	Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Climate ; Oceans and Seas ; Carbidopa ; Conservation of Natural Resources
Chemical Substances	Carbidopa (MNX7R8C5VO)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.16664
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Article ; Online: Exploring the effects of protected area networks on the European land system.

Staccione, Andrea / Brown, Calum / Arneth, Almut / Rounsevell, Mark / Hrast Essenfelder, Arthur / Seo, Bumsuk / Mysiak, Jaroslav

Journal of environmental management

2023 Volume 337, Page(s) 117741

Abstract: The European Union's Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 seeks to protect 30% of land, with 10% under strict protection, while building a transnational nature network. We explore the effects of the Biodiversity Strategy targets for land use and ecosystem ... ...

Abstract	The European Union's Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 seeks to protect 30% of land, with 10% under strict protection, while building a transnational nature network. We explore the effects of the Biodiversity Strategy targets for land use and ecosystem services across the European land system. To do so, we propose a novel approach, combining a methodological framework for improving green network connectivity with an EU-wide land system model. We identify an improved network of EU protected areas consistent with the 2030 targets, and explore its effects under different levels of protection and in a range of paired climatic and socio-economic scenarios. The existing network of protected areas is highly fragmented, with more than one third of its nodes being isolated. We find that prioritizing connectivity when implementing new protected areas could achieve the strategy's targets without compromising the future provision of ecosystem services, including food production, in Europe. However, we also find that EU-wide distributions of land uses and ecosystem services are influenced by the protected area network, and that this influence manifests differently in different climatic and socio-economic scenarios. Varying the strength of protection of the network had limited effects. Extractive services (food and timber production) decreased in protected areas, but non-extractive services increased, with compensatory changes occurring outside the network. Changes were small where competition for land was low and scenario conditions were benign, but became far larger and more extensive where competition was high and scenario conditions were challenging. Our findings highlight the apparent achievability of the EU's protected area targets, but also the need to account for adaptation in the wider land system and its consequences for spatial and temporal patterns of ecosystem services provision now and in the future.
MeSH term(s)	Ecosystem ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Biodiversity ; Europe ; Acclimatization
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117741
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Book ; Online ; Thesis: Carbon and water dynamics during combined heat, drought and elevated atmospheric $CO_2}$ in $\textitPinus halepensis}$ seedlings

Birami, Benjamin [Verfasser] / Arneth, A. [Akademischer Betreuer]

2021

Author's details	Benjamin Birami ; Betreuer: A. Arneth
Keywords	Geowissenschaften ; Earth Sciences
Subject code	sg550
Language	English
Publisher	KIT-Bibliothek
Publishing place	Karlsruhe
Document type	Book ; Online ; Thesis
Database	Digital theses on the web

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Article ; Online: Making protected areas effective for biodiversity, climate and food

Arneth, Almut / Leadley, Paul / Claudet, Joachim / Coll, Marta / Rondinini, Carlo / Rounsevell, Mark D. A. / Shin, Yunne‐Jai / Alexander, Peter / Fuchs, Richard

Global Change Biology. 2023 July, v. 29, no. 14 p.3883-3894

2023

Abstract: The spatial extent of marine and terrestrial protected areas (PAs) was among the most intensely debated issues prior to the decision about the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Positive impacts of ... ...

Abstract	The spatial extent of marine and terrestrial protected areas (PAs) was among the most intensely debated issues prior to the decision about the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Positive impacts of PAs on habitats, species diversity and abundance are well documented. Yet, biodiversity loss continues unabated despite efforts to protect 17% of land and 10% of the oceans by 2020. This casts doubt on whether extending PAs to 30%, the agreed target in the Kunming‐Montreal GBF, will indeed achieve meaningful biodiversity benefits. Critically, the focus on area coverage obscures the importance of PA effectiveness and overlooks concerns about the impact of PAs on other sustainability objectives. We propose a simple means of assessing and visualising the complex relationships between PA area coverage and effectiveness and their effects on biodiversity conservation, nature‐based climate mitigation and food production. Our analysis illustrates how achieving a 30% PA global target could be beneficial for biodiversity and climate. It also highlights important caveats: (i) achieving lofty area coverage objectives alone will be of little benefit without concomitant improvements in effectiveness, (ii) trade‐offs with food production particularly for high levels of coverage and effectiveness are likely and (iii) important differences in terrestrial and marine systems need to be recognized when setting and implementing PA targets. The CBD's call for a significant increase in PA will need to be accompanied by clear PA effectiveness goals to reduce and revert dangerous anthropogenic impacts on socio‐ecological systems and biodiversity.
Keywords	Biological Sciences ; biodiversity conservation ; climate ; food production ; global change ; species diversity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-07
Size	p. 3883-3894.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	REVIEW
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.16664
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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