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Article: High-Throughput Exposure Assessment Tool (HEAT) for exposure-based prioritization of chemicals

Sunger, Neha / Beasley, Amy / Landenberger, Bryce D / Arnold, Scott M

Human and ecological risk assessment. 2020 Apr. 20, v. 26, no. 4

2020

Abstract: High-throughput methods are now routinely used to rapidly screen chemicals for potential hazard. However, hazard-based decision-making excludes important exposure considerations resulting in an incomplete estimation of chemical safety. Models to estimate ...

Abstract	High-throughput methods are now routinely used to rapidly screen chemicals for potential hazard. However, hazard-based decision-making excludes important exposure considerations resulting in an incomplete estimation of chemical safety. Models to estimate exposure exist, but are generally unsuited to keep up with high-throughput demands. The High-Throughput Exposure Assessment Tool (HEAT) is designed to efficiently predict near-field exposure to consumers and workers via inhalation, oral and dermal routes. HEAT is based on well-known modeling algorithms and provides default model parameters to support reasonably conservative exposure estimates. Underlying chemical-specific data are uploaded or entered by the end user. HEAT’s main strength is the flexible tiered screening functionality, which enables exposure estimates for single or multiple chemicals simultaneously. Hypothetical case examples highlighting the application of HEAT to more complex exposure estimates for alternative and aggregate assessments are provided.
Keywords	chemical safety ; decision making ; environmental assessment ; exposure assessment ; humans ; prioritization
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0420
Size	p. 1076-1086.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ISSN	1549-7860
DOI	10.1080/10807039.2018.1554993
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Early Mobilization of Patients With External Ventricular Devices.

Brown, Suzanne M / Davis, Rebekah A / Arnold, Scott M

The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses

2017 Volume 49, Issue 5, Page(s) 255

MeSH term(s)	Early Ambulation/methods ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632790-4
ISSN	1945-2810 ; 0888-0395
ISSN (online)	1945-2810
ISSN	0888-0395
DOI	10.1097/JNN.0000000000000305
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Article: Can AM-PAC "6-Clicks" Inpatient Functional Assessment Scores Strengthen Hospital 30-Day Readmission Prevention Strategies?

Arnold, Scott M / Naessens, James M / McVeigh, Kimberly / White, Launia J / Atchison, James W / Tompkins, James

Cureus

2021 Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) e14994

Abstract: Background Prevention of unplanned hospital readmissions remains a priority in the US healthcare sector. Patient functional status has evolved as an important factor in identifying patients at risk for unplanned readmissions and poor predischarge ... ...

Abstract	Background Prevention of unplanned hospital readmissions remains a priority in the US healthcare sector. Patient functional status has evolved as an important factor in identifying patients at risk for unplanned readmissions and poor predischarge functional performance has been shown to be predictive of increased readmission risk. Yet, patient functional status appears to be underutilized in readmission prediction models. Methods To examine the impact of inpatient functional status (mobility and activity performance) on unplanned 30-day hospital readmissions at two tertiary care hospitals, retrospective cohort analysis was performed on electronic health record data from adult inpatients (N = 26,298) having undergone completed functional assessments during their index hospitalization. Primary outcomes were functional assessment scores and unplanned all-cause patient readmission within 30 days following hospital discharge. Secondary analysis stratified the assessment by discharge destination. Functional assessment scores from the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) "6-Clicks" Basic Mobility Short Form or Daily Activity Short Form were extracted along with patient demographics, admission diagnoses, comorbid conditions, and hospital readmission risk score. Results Adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidity, lower AM-PAC "6-Clicks" Basic Mobility and Daily Activity scores resulted in higher readmission rates when each score was considered separately. When both scores were considered, only Daily Activity scores were significant. Conclusion Patients with lower Basic Mobility and Daily Activity scores are at a higher risk for readmission. The relative importance of AM-PAC "6-Click" scores on short-term readmission depends on discharge destination. Timely identification of patient mobility and activity performance may lead to earlier intervention strategies to reduce readmissions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.14994
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Peripheral nerve blocks and postoperative physical therapy: a single-institution survey of physical therapists' preferences and opinions.

McClain, Robert L / Porter, Steven B / Arnold, Scott M / Robards, Christopher B

Romanian journal of anaesthesia and intensive care

2017 Volume 24, Issue 2, Page(s) 115–124

Abstract: Background and aims: Our aim was to ascertain the opinions and preferences of physical therapists with regard to use of peripheral nerve blocks and their impact on the recovery of patients undergoing total joint replacement.: Methods: We conducted an ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Our aim was to ascertain the opinions and preferences of physical therapists with regard to use of peripheral nerve blocks and their impact on the recovery of patients undergoing total joint replacement. Methods: We conducted an anonymous 24-question survey of 20 full-time inpatient physical therapists at a single tertiary care medical center. Results: One respondent indicated they never work with patients who have undergone total joint replacement surgery. Nineteen questionnaires were included in the final analysis. Questions omitted by respondents or with write-in answers were not included in the analysis. A majority of respondents (15 [78.9%]) agreed nerve blocks somewhat to greatly improve a patient's pain after total joint replacement surgery. Most respondents answered that nerve blocks somewhat to greatly impede a patient's ability to participate in physical therapy (14 [73.6%]) and make therapy somewhat to very difficult for them as physical therapists (16 [84.2%]). When asked about specific surgeries, (17/18 [94.4%]) and (14/18 [77.8%]) of respondents would prefer that their patients receive periarticular infiltration or no block at all after total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty, respectively. All respondents (19 [100%]) answered that they thought lower extremity nerve blocks increased a patient's risk of falling after surgery. Conclusions: According to the physical therapists we surveyed, nerve blocks impede patient recovery and increase the risk of falls, despite their positive impact on pain control. When considering surgery for themselves, therapists indicated they would not want a nerve block.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-25
Publishing country	Romania
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2977912-1
ISSN	2502-0307 ; 2392-7518
ISSN (online)	2502-0307
ISSN	2392-7518
DOI	10.21454/rjaic.7518.242.prh
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Letter to the editor in response to 'Low-dose metabolism of benzene in humans: science and obfuscation' Rappaport et al. (2013).

Price, Paul S / Rey, Tim D / Fontaine, Donald D / Arnold, Scott M

Carcinogenesis

2013 Volume 34, Issue 7, Page(s) 1692–1696

MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis ; Benzene/metabolism ; Environmental Monitoring/standards ; Humans ; Models, Statistical ; Occupational Exposure
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants, Occupational ; Benzene (J64922108F)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Letter
ZDB-ID	603134-1
ISSN	1460-2180 ; 0143-3334
ISSN (online)	1460-2180
ISSN	0143-3334
DOI	10.1093/carcin/bgt101
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Article ; Online: Defining the contribution of non-benzene sources of benzene metabolites in urine: implications for biomonitoring and risk assessment.

Arnold, Scott M / Price, Paul S / Dryzga, Mark D

Chemico-biological interactions

2010 Volume 184, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 299–301

MeSH term(s)	Acetylcysteine/analogs & derivatives ; Acetylcysteine/urine ; Benzene/metabolism ; Benzene Derivatives/urine ; Catechols/urine ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Humans ; Hydroquinones/urine ; Phenol/urine ; Risk Assessment ; Sorbic Acid/analogs & derivatives ; Sorbic Acid/analysis
Chemical Substances	Benzene Derivatives ; Catechols ; Hydroquinones ; Phenol (339NCG44TV) ; muconic acid (3KD92ZL2KH) ; S-phenyl-N-acetylcysteine (4775-80-8) ; Benzene (J64922108F) ; catechol (LF3AJ089DQ) ; Acetylcysteine (WYQ7N0BPYC) ; Sorbic Acid (X045WJ989B) ; hydroquinone (XV74C1N1AE)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-03-19
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218799-1
ISSN	1872-7786 ; 0009-2797
ISSN (online)	1872-7786
ISSN	0009-2797
DOI	10.1016/j.cbi.2010.01.022
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Article ; Online: A quantitative screening-level approach to incorporate chemical exposure and risk into alternative assessment evaluations.

Arnold, Scott M / Greggs, Bill / Goyak, Katy O / Landenberger, Bryce D / Mason, Ann M / Howard, Brett / Zaleski, Rosemary T

Integrated environmental assessment and management

2017 Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) 1007–1022

Abstract: As the general public and retailers ask for disclosure of chemical ingredients in the marketplace, a number of hazard screening tools were developed to evaluate the so-called "greenness" of individual chemical ingredients and/or formulations. The ... ...

Abstract	As the general public and retailers ask for disclosure of chemical ingredients in the marketplace, a number of hazard screening tools were developed to evaluate the so-called "greenness" of individual chemical ingredients and/or formulations. The majority of these tools focus only on hazard, often using chemical lists, ignoring the other part of the risk equation: exposure. Using a hazard-only focus can result in regrettable substitutions, changing 1 chemical ingredient for another that turns out to be more hazardous or shifts the toxicity burden to others. To minimize the incidents of regrettable substitutions, BizNGO describes "Common Principles" to frame a process for informed substitution. Two of these 6 principles are: "reduce hazard" and "minimize exposure." A number of frameworks have emerged to evaluate and assess alternatives. One framework developed by leading experts under the auspices of the US National Academy of Sciences recommended that hazard and exposure be specifically addressed in the same step when assessing candidate alternatives. For the alternative assessment community, this article serves as an informational resource for considering exposure in an alternatives assessment using elements of problem formulation; product identity, use, and composition; hazard analysis; exposure analysis; and risk characterization. These conceptual elements build on practices from government, academia, and industry and are exemplified through 2 hypothetical case studies demonstrating the questions asked and decisions faced in new product development. These 2 case studies-inhalation exposure to a generic paint product and environmental exposure to a shampoo rinsed down the drain-demonstrate the criteria, considerations, and methods required to combine exposure models addressing human health and environmental impacts to provide a screening level hazard and exposure (risk) analysis. This article informs practices for these elements within a comparative risk context to improve alternatives assessment evaluation and decision making. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:1007-1022. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
MeSH term(s)	Decision Making ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Exposure/standards ; Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Environmental Pollutants/toxicity ; Humans ; Risk Assessment/methods
Chemical Substances	Environmental Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2234931-5
ISSN	1551-3793 ; 1551-3777
ISSN (online)	1551-3793
ISSN	1551-3777
DOI	10.1002/ieam.1926
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A reanalysis of the evidence for increased efficiency in benzene metabolism at airborne exposure levels below 3 p.p.m.

Price, Paul S / Rey, Tim D / Fontaine, Donald D / Arnold, Scott M

Carcinogenesis

2012 Volume 33, Issue 11, Page(s) 2094–2099

Abstract: An analysis of monitoring data on workers in Tianjin, China, reported a 9-fold increase in the production of benzene metabolites per unit exposure as air concentrations declined from 88.9 to 0.03 p.p.m. The increase is attributed to an enhanced ... ...

Abstract	An analysis of monitoring data on workers in Tianjin, China, reported a 9-fold increase in the production of benzene metabolites per unit exposure as air concentrations declined from 88.9 to 0.03 p.p.m. The increase is attributed to an enhanced efficiency of benzene metabolism at lower air concentrations. This finding, however, is not consistent with other studies demonstrating that adsorbed benzene is almost completely metabolized at airborne levels ranging from <1 to 70 p.p.m. In this article (i) the modeling performed in Kim et al. is repeated and the model predictions are reproduced; (ii) the impacts of technical issues in the corrections for background levels of metabolites, accounting for biases in the regression modeling, and the uncertainties introduced by the use of a calibration model to estimate benzene air levels for certain workers are evaluated and (iii) alternative methods of correcting for background levels of metabolites are examined. The new analysis indicates that findings of increased production are probably smaller and are highly uncertain, 4.8 fold [0.1-18] (mean and [95% confidence limits]). Defining background levels as either the levels in all workers with no occupational exposures or in workers with predicted air levels of <0.03 p.p.m. results in estimates of 2.4 fold [<0.1-15] and 3.3 fold [<0.1-19] increases, respectively. Based on this reanalysis, the Tianjin data appear to be too uncertain to support any conclusions of a change in the efficiency of benzene metabolism with variations in exposure.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/metabolism ; Benzene/analysis ; Benzene/metabolism ; Calibration ; Environmental Monitoring/standards ; Humans ; Models, Statistical ; Occupational Exposure
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants, Occupational ; Benzene (J64922108F)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603134-1
ISSN	1460-2180 ; 0143-3334
ISSN (online)	1460-2180
ISSN	0143-3334
DOI	10.1093/carcin/bgs257
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Article: Quantitation of 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate human serum albumin adducts.

Luna, Leah G / Green, Brett J / Zhang, Fagen / Arnold, Scott M / Siegel, Paul D / Bartels, Michael J

Toxicology reports

2016 Volume 1, Page(s) 743–751

Abstract: 4,4'-Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (herein 4,4'-MDI) is used in the production of polyurethane foams, elastomers, coatings, adhesives and the like for a wide range of commercial products. Occupational exposure to MDI levels above current airborne ... ...

Abstract	4,4'-Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (herein 4,4'-MDI) is used in the production of polyurethane foams, elastomers, coatings, adhesives and the like for a wide range of commercial products. Occupational exposure to MDI levels above current airborne exposure limits can elicit immune mediated hypersensitivity reactions such as occupational asthma in sensitive individuals. To accurately determine exposure, there has been increasing interest in developing analytical methods to measure internal biomarkers of exposure to MDI. Previous investigators have reported methodologies for measuring MDI diamine metabolites and MDI-Lysine (4,4'-MDI-Lys) adducts. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an ultra performance liquid chromatography isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ID/MS/MS) quantitation method
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02-16
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2805786-7
ISSN	2214-7500
ISSN	2214-7500
DOI	10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.09.009
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Article: Evaluation of Potential Exposure to Formaldehyde Air Emissions from a Washing Machine Using the IAQX Model

McCready, David / Arnold, Scott M / Fontaine, Donald D

Human and ecological risk assessment. 2012 July 1, v. 18, no. 4

2012

Abstract: Consumers may be exposed to formaldehyde during the use of liquid laundry detergent containing a preservative. The primary objective of this analysis was to present an approach to predict formaldehyde air emissions from a washing machine and the ... ...

Abstract	Consumers may be exposed to formaldehyde during the use of liquid laundry detergent containing a preservative. The primary objective of this analysis was to present an approach to predict formaldehyde air emissions from a washing machine and the subsequent vapor concentrations in the laundry room air using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) Simulation Tool Kit for Indoor Air Quality and Inhalation Exposure, referred to as the IAQX model. A second objective was to identify key model input parameters for formaldehyde. This analysis recommends use of the IAQX emission Model 52 because it provided the best estimates by correlating the formaldehyde evaporation to the Henry's law constant and to the overall gas-phase mass transfer coefficient that was based on washing machine experimental results. The mass balance estimated that 99.7% of the initial formaldehyde mass in the washing machine was discharged down the drain with the wash water and the rest of the formaldehyde was emitted to the air from the top loading washing machine and the hot air clothes dryer. The predicted formaldehyde exposures were acceptable and much lower than the USEPA proposed targets for non-cancer effects and cancer risk.
Keywords	United States Environmental Protection Agency ; air ; air quality ; clothing ; emissions ; evaporation ; formaldehyde ; inhalation exposure ; laundry ; mass transfer ; models ; risk ; vapors ; washing
Language	English
Dates of publication	2012-0701
Size	p. 832-854.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article
ISSN	1549-7860
DOI	10.1080/10807039.2012.688709
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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