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Article ; Online: Listeriosis in Australia - January to July 2018

Arpita Das

Global Biosecurity, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 150-

2019 Volume 158

Abstract: A national outbreak of listeriosis is linked to the consumption of rockmelon (cantaloupe) originating from New South Wales and has affected other states of Australia, including Victoria, Queensland and Tasmania.The outbreak began after 10 elderly people ... ...

Abstract	A national outbreak of listeriosis is linked to the consumption of rockmelon (cantaloupe) originating from New South Wales and has affected other states of Australia, including Victoria, Queensland and Tasmania.The outbreak began after 10 elderly people were diagnosed with Listeriosis after consuming cantaloupe and became ill between 17 January and 9 February, 2018 .
Keywords	Listeriosis ; Outbreak ; Australia ; Demographics ; Case Fatality rate ; Prevention ; Treatment ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	University of New South Wales
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Toll-like Receptor 2 Mediated Immune Regulation in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques

Nongthombam Boby / Kelsey M. Williams / Arpita Das / Bapi Pahar

Vaccines, Vol 11, Iss 12, p

2023 Volume 1861

Abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial to the innate immune response. They regulate inflammatory reactions by initiating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. TLRs also play a role in shaping the adaptive immune responses. While ... ...

Abstract	Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial to the innate immune response. They regulate inflammatory reactions by initiating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. TLRs also play a role in shaping the adaptive immune responses. While this protective response is important for eliminating infectious pathogens, persistent activation of TLRs may result in chronic immune activation, leading to detrimental effects. The role of TLR2 in regulating HIV-1 infection in vivo has yet to be well described. In this study, we used an SIV-infected rhesus macaque model to simulate HIV infection in humans. We evaluated the plasma of the macaques longitudinally and found a significant increase in the soluble TLR2 (sTLR2) level after SIV infection. We also observed an increase in membrane-bound TLR2 (mb-TLR2) in cytotoxic T cells, B cells, and NK cells in PBMC and NK cells in the gut after infection. Our results suggest that sTLR2 regulates the production of various cytokines and chemokines, including IL-18, IL-1RA, IL-15, IL-13, IL-9, TPO, FLT3L, and IL-17F, as well as chemokines, including IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-2, ENA-78, GRO-α, I-TAC, Fractalkine, SDF-1α, and MIP-3α. Interestingly, these cytokines and chemokines were also upregulated after the infection. The positive correlation between SIV copy number and sTLR2 in the plasma indicated the involvement of TLR2 in the regulation of viral replication. These cytokines and chemokines could directly or indirectly regulate viral replication through the TLR2 signaling pathways. When we stimulated PBMC with the TLR2 agonist in vitro, we observed a direct induction of various cytokines and chemokines. Some of these cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1RA, IL-9, IL-15, GRO-α, and ENA-78, were positively correlated with sTLR2 in vivo, highlighting the direct involvement of TLR2 in the regulation of the production of these factors. Our findings suggest that TLR2 expression may be a target for developing new therapeutic strategies to combat HIV infection.
Keywords	chemokines ; cytokines ; gut ; innate immunity ; peripheral blood ; rhesus macaque ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Unheard voices

Suchira Suranga / Duminda Rajakaruna / Janaranga Dewasurendra / Garima Sharma / Arpita Das

Journal of the College of Community Physicians, Vol 29, Iss

a cross-sectional study on the perception of Sri Lankan female factory workers towards the Abortion Law

2023 Volume 3

Abstract: Introduction: Induced abortion is restricted in Sri Lanka and is only permitted to save the life of the mother. However, many women undergo abortion through unsafe ways, putting themselves at risk of complications and incomplete abortion. Among the most ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Induced abortion is restricted in Sri Lanka and is only permitted to save the life of the mother. However, many women undergo abortion through unsafe ways, putting themselves at risk of complications and incomplete abortion. Among the most vulnerable to unintended pregnancies and induced abortions are female factory workers (FFWs). Objectives: To explore the knowledge and perception of FFWs towards Sri Lanka’s abortion laws Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered by a team of trained interviewers among randomly selected 608 FFWs of reproductive age using a multi-stage cluster sampling approach after receiving written informed consent. Results: The study revealed that the FFWs had limited knowledge and conservative attitudes towards the abortion law. Surprisingly, a small proportion (10.9%) of the respondents were aware of the legal circumstances under which abortions are permitted. Majority of the respondents (64.8%) did not have comprehensive knowledge and they believed that providing treatment to a woman who had complications due to unsafe abortion is a violation of the law. Around half of the respondents supported legalizing abortion in cases of rape (49.6%), incest (45.6%) and lethal foetal abnormalities (75.2%). However, only a small proportion of the respondents urged in favour of legalizing induced abortion for other reasons such as contraceptive failure (13.7%) and economic hardship (9.1%). Furthermore, a mere 5.3% of the respondents agreed to legalize abortion on request. Conclusions & Recommendations: FFWs possess limited awareness and conservative attitudes towards the abortion law. More focused information, communication and education interventions are needed to handle the issue.
Keywords	Induced abortion ; Abortion law ; Legislation ; Export processing zone ; Knowledge and attitudes ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	170
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	College of Community Physicians of Sri Lanka
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: COVID-appropriate facemask use

Arpita Das / Biswadip Chattopadhyay / Bobby Paul / Lina Bandyopadhyay / Madhumita Bhattacharyya

Journal of Education and Health Promotion, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 108-

A study among patients attending outpatient Departments of a Public Health Institute in West Bengal

2022 Volume 108

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, facemask use has been the most feasible public health measure in preventing transmission of SARS-CoV2 with the dual benefit of controlling the source of infection and decreasing the risk of acquiring ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, facemask use has been the most feasible public health measure in preventing transmission of SARS-CoV2 with the dual benefit of controlling the source of infection and decreasing the risk of acquiring infection from infected people. Therefore, COVID-appropriate behavior regarding facemask use is imperative for controlling the pandemic. This study aimed to assess COVID-appropriate mask behavior and factors associated with it among the patients attending outpatient departments of a public health institute in West Bengal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done among 298 patients attending outpatient departments of Rural and Urban Health Units of a public health institute of Kolkata, during October 2020–February 2021. A pretested questionnaire and an observational checklist based on the World Health Organization guidelines were used to collect data. COVID-appropriate mask behavior was assessed by a five-point domain-wise scale, where good practice regarding facemask usage was considered when the score was three or more. Statistical analyses were done in SPSS 16.0. RESULTS: Good practices regarding COVID-19 appropriate mask-related activities were recorded among 30.2% of the study participants. No difficulties faced during or on wearing a mask (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.86, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.1–3.33) and higher socioeconomic status (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.22–4.15) were significantly associated with good practice regarding COVID-19 appropriate facemask usage. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of poor practice regarding COVID-appropriate mask-related behaviors is quite high among the study participants. Awareness regarding correct mask handling, storage, hygiene, disposal, and place of wearing from a reliable source would go a long way to curb the myths and misinformation surrounding mask usage and encourage COVID-appropriate mask behaviors among the general population.
Keywords	covid-19 pandemic ; disposal ; facemask ; health practices ; mask storage ; n-95 respirators ; Special aspects of education ; LC8-6691 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: CFD analysis of heat transfer enhancement by wall mounted flexible flow modulators in a channel with pulsatile flow

Arpita Das / Fahim Tanfeez Mahmood / Rabeya Bosry Smriti / Sumon Saha / Mohammad Nasim Hasan

Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 6, Pp e16741- (2023)

2023

Abstract: The aim of the present study is to explore heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in a pulsating channel flow due to wall-mounted flexible flow modulators (FFM). Cold air in pulsating fashion is forced to enter through the channel having ... ...

Abstract	The aim of the present study is to explore heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in a pulsating channel flow due to wall-mounted flexible flow modulators (FFM). Cold air in pulsating fashion is forced to enter through the channel having isothermally heated top and bottom walls with one/multiple FFMs mounted on them. The dynamic conditions of pulsating inflow are characterized by Reynolds number, non-dimensional pulsation frequency and amplitude. Applying the Galerkin finite element method in an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) framework, the present unsteady problem has been solved. Flexibility (10−4 ≤ Ca ≤ 10−7), orientation angle (60° ≤ θ ≤ 120°), and location of FFM(s) have been considered in this study to find out the best-case scenario for heat transfer enhancement. The system characteristics have been analyzed by vorticity contours and isotherms. Heat transfer performance has been evaluated in terms of Nusselt number variations and pressure drop across the channel. Besides, power spectrum analysis of thermal field oscillation along with that of the FFM’s motion induced by pulsating inflow has been performed. The present study reveals that single FFM having flexibility of Ca = 10−5 and an orientation angle of θ = 90° offers the best-case scenario for heat transfer enhancement.
Keywords	Flexible flow modulator ; Pulsating flow ; Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach ; Thermal enhancement ; Power spectrum analysis ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Subject code	532
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Recent Advances in Conversion of Glycerol

Arpita Das / Pravin Kodgire / Hu Li / Sanjay Basumatary / Gurunathan Baskar / Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum

Journal of Chemistry, Vol

A Byproduct of Biodiesel Production to Glycerol Carbonate

2023 Volume 2023

Abstract: Owing to erupted ecological concerns and escalated energy consumption, biodiesel produced by transesterifying nonedible and used cooking oils has been acknowledged as a viable source of clean and sustainable energy, alternative to fossil fuels. This ... ...

Abstract	Owing to erupted ecological concerns and escalated energy consumption, biodiesel produced by transesterifying nonedible and used cooking oils has been acknowledged as a viable source of clean and sustainable energy, alternative to fossil fuels. This transesterification process led to an excessive supply of glycerol as the primary byproduct which can then be transformed into value-added derivatives, primarily glycerol carbonate (GC), thereby drawing attention to its potential use in industrial applications. Although several methods for synthesis of GC utilize glycerol as building block, the transesterification approach using dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is the most effective route implementing safer and greener reaction conditions. This review is focused on different types of heterogeneous catalysts and characterization techniques used for identifying and deactivating those catalysts, covering the literature from the last decade to till date on this topic. Potent applications of GC as a versatile compound are elucidated in brief. Finally, a conclusion, outlook, and author’s perspective have been provided in brief.
Keywords	Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Modelling the impact of a smallpox attack in India and influence of disease control measures

Biswajit Mohanty / Valentina Costantino / Jai Narain / Arpita Das

BMJ Open, Vol 10, Iss

2020 Volume 12

Abstract: Objectives To estimate the impact of a smallpox attack in Mumbai, India, examine the impact of case isolation and ring vaccination for epidemic containment and test the health system capacity under different scenarios with available interventions.Setting ...

Abstract	Objectives To estimate the impact of a smallpox attack in Mumbai, India, examine the impact of case isolation and ring vaccination for epidemic containment and test the health system capacity under different scenarios with available interventions.Setting The research is based on Mumbai, India population.Interventions We tested 50%, 70%, 90% of case isolation and contacts traced and vaccinated (ring vaccination) in the susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered model and varied the start of intervention between 20, 30 and 40 days after the initial attack.Primary and secondary outcome measures We estimated and incorporated in the model the effect of past vaccination protection, age-specific immunosuppression and contact rates and Mumbai population age structure in modelling disease morbidity and transmission.Results The estimated duration of an outbreak ranged from 127 days to 8 years under different scenarios, and the number of vaccine doses needed for ring vaccination ranged from 16 813 to 8 722 400 in the best-case and worst-case scenarios, respectively. In the worst-case scenario, the available hospital beds in Mumbai would be exceeded. The impact of a smallpox epidemic may be severe in Mumbai, especially compared with high-income settings, but can be reduced with early diagnosis and rapid response, high rates of case finding and isolation and ring vaccination.Conclusions This study tells us that if smallpox re-emergence occurs, it may have significant health and economic impact, the extent of which will depend on the availability and delivery of interventions such as a vaccine or antiviral agent, and the capacity of case isolation and treatment. Further research on health systems requirements and capacity across the diverse states and territories of India could improve the preparedness and management strategies in the event of re-emergent smallpox or other serious emerging infections.
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A cross-sectional study

A S Reshma / Lina Bandyopadhyay / Bobby Paul / Aditi Ajit Jaiswal / Arpita Das / Niladri Sekhar Pal

Journal of Surgical Specialties and Rural Practice, Vol 4, Iss 2, Pp 92-

Assessment of optimal breastfeeding practices among tribal women having children 0–23 months of age residing in an Island of Sundarbans, West Bengal

2023 Volume 97

Abstract: Context: Tribal population is vulnerable to all inequities of the society and less penetrated by the service providers. Breastfeeding, 0–23 months old children is important for their development and is boon for their health. Objective: The objective of ... ...

Abstract	Context: Tribal population is vulnerable to all inequities of the society and less penetrated by the service providers. Breastfeeding, 0–23 months old children is important for their development and is boon for their health. Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of optimal breastfeeding practices (OBFs) and elicit its predictors. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the tribal area of Sunderbans, West Bengal, among mothers having children 0–23 months of age, from May 2021 to September 2021. Participants were selected by the cluster sampling technique. OBFs were assessed by initiation of breastfeeding within 1 h of birth, exclusive breastfeeding till 6 months of age, and continuation of breastfeeding along with complementary feed till 23 months of age. Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale was administered to assess attitude toward breastfeeding. Statistical analysis was done using multivariable logistic regression. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 24.8 ± 4.1 years. Early initiation of breastfeeding was done by 76.5% of the participants, but continuation beyond 6 months of age by 70.9%. OBFs were shown by 25.5% of the participants, which has a significant association with the knowledge about the breastfeeding practices (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52–3.01) and maternal education (aOR: 3.78; 95% CI: 1.17–12.17). Conclusion: This study showed that only one-fourth of the participants have OBFs. This situation must be addressed with imparting proper knowledge about the importance of breastfeeding. Support group of women in the community should be formulated to aid mothers in continuation of breastfeeding.
Keywords	iowa infant feeding attitude scale ; optimal breastfeeding ; tribals ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Immunomodulatory Role of the Antimicrobial LL-37 Peptide in Autoimmune Diseases and Viral Infections

Bapi Pahar / Stefania Madonna / Arpita Das / Cristina Albanesi / Giampiero Girolomoni

Vaccines, Vol 8, Iss 517, p

2020 Volume 517

Abstract: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced by neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, as well as epithelial cells, and are an essential component of innate immunity system against infection, including several viral infections. AMPs, in particular the ... ...

Abstract	Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced by neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, as well as epithelial cells, and are an essential component of innate immunity system against infection, including several viral infections. AMPs, in particular the cathelicidin LL-37, also exert numerous immunomodulatory activities by inducing cytokine production and attracting and regulating the activity of immune cells. AMPs are scarcely expressed in normal skin, but their expression increases when skin is injured by external factors, such as trauma, inflammation, or infection. LL-37 complexed to self-DNA acts as autoantigen in psoriasis and lupus erythematosus (LE), where it also induces production of interferon by plasmocytoid dendritic cells and thus initiates a cascade of autocrine and paracrine processes, leading to a disease state. In these disorders, epidermal keratinocytes express high amounts of AMPs, which can lead to uncontrolled inflammation. Similarly, LL-37 had several favorable and unfavorable roles in virus replication and disease pathogenesis. Targeting the antiviral and immunomodulatory functions of LL-37 opens a new approach to limit virus dissemination and the progression of disease.
Keywords	cathelicidin ; LL-37 ; lupus erythematosus ; psoriasis ; virus ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Prokaryotic ncRNAs

Rajib Majumder / Sanmitra Ghosh / Arpita Das / Manoj Kumar Singh / Saikat Samanta / Abinit Saha / Rudra P. Saha

Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery, Vol 3, Iss , Pp 100136- (2022)

Master regulators of gene expression

2022

Abstract: ncRNA plays a very pivotal role in various biological activities ranging from gene regulation to controlling important developmental networks. It is imperative to note that this small molecule is not only present in all three domains of cellular life, ... ...

Abstract	ncRNA plays a very pivotal role in various biological activities ranging from gene regulation to controlling important developmental networks. It is imperative to note that this small molecule is not only present in all three domains of cellular life, but is an important modulator of gene regulation too in all these domains. In this review, we discussed various aspects of ncRNA biology, especially their role in bacteria. The last two decades of scientific research have proved that this molecule plays an important role in the modulation of various regulatory pathways in bacteria including the adaptive immune system and gene regulation. It is also very surprising to note that this small molecule is also employed in various processes related to the pathogenicity of virulent microorganisms.
Keywords	ncRNA ; Prokaryotic ncRNA ; Bacterial ncRNA ; ncRNA biology ; Gene regulation ; CRISPR ; Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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