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  1. Article ; Online: The Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics in Combating Multidrug-Resistant Organisms.

    Newman, Alexander M / Arshad, Mehreen

    Clinical therapeutics

    2020  Volume 42, Issue 9, Page(s) 1637–1648

    Abstract: The prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms is increasing worldwide, posing a unique challenge to global health care systems. Novel approaches are needed to combat the spread of infection with these organisms. The enteric microbiome, and in ... ...

    Abstract The prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms is increasing worldwide, posing a unique challenge to global health care systems. Novel approaches are needed to combat the spread of infection with these organisms. The enteric microbiome, and in particular the resistome, offers a unique target in both the prevention of infection with these organisms and the acquisition and spread within the community. We highlight a novel approach to combat multidrug-resistant organisms: the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics to manipulate the microbiome and resistome. This review summarizes the published literature and clinical trials related to these products to date, with a focus on efficacious trials. It highlights the probable mechanism of action for each product, as well as its safety profile in selective populations. Ultimately, although further research is needed before a definitive statement can be made on the efficacy of any of these 3 interventions, the literature to date offers new hope and a new tool in the arsenal in the fight against bacterial drug resistance.
    MeSH term(s) Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Humans ; Prebiotics/administration & dosage ; Probiotics/administration & dosage ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Synbiotics/administration & dosage
    Chemical Substances Prebiotics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 603113-4
    ISSN 1879-114X ; 0149-2918
    ISSN (online) 1879-114X
    ISSN 0149-2918
    DOI 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.06.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 1435: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: ESBL Escherichia coli Isolates Have Enhanced Gut Colonization Capacity Compared to Non-ESBL Strains in Neonatal Mice.

    Kremer, Aspen / Whitmer, Grant / Diaz, Alondra / Sajwani, Alima / Navarro, Alexis / Arshad, Mehreen

    Microbiology spectrum

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 5, Page(s) e0058222

    Abstract: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli can cause invasive infections in infants and immunocompromised children with high associated morbidity and mortality. The gut is a major reservoir of these strains in the community. ... ...

    Abstract Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli can cause invasive infections in infants and immunocompromised children with high associated morbidity and mortality. The gut is a major reservoir of these strains in the community. Current dogma dictates that antimicrobial resistance is associated with a fitness cost. However, recent data show that some contemporary ESBL E. coli strains may be more "fit" compared to nonresistant E. coli strains. Here, we use whole-genome sequencing to first characterize 15 ESBL E. coli strains isolated from infants in a Pakistani community, a clinical extraintestinal pathogenic ESBL E. coli ST131 strain, and a non-ESBL commensal E. coli strain, and then use a novel animal model of early life gut colonization to assess the ability of these strains to colonize the infant mouse gut. We determined that CTX-M-15 was present in all the ESBL strains, as well as additional beta-lactamases and genes conferring resistance to multiple antibiotic classes. In the animal model, 11/16 ESBL E. coli strains had significantly higher burden of colonization at week four of life compared to commensal strains, even in the absence of selective antibiotic pressure, suggesting that these strains may have enhanced fitness despite being highly antimicrobial resistant.
    MeSH term(s) Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Animals, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Escherichia coli Infections ; beta-Lactamases/genetics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2807133-5
    ISSN 2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
    ISSN (online) 2165-0497
    ISSN 2165-0497
    DOI 10.1128/spectrum.00582-22
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  3. Article: Improving safety in dental practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Benahmed, Asma Gasmi / Gasmi, Amin / Anzar, Wajiha / Arshad, Mehreen / Bjørklund, Geir

    Health and technology

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 205–214

    Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It originated from the Chinese city of Wuhan and very quickly became a challenging public health problem. On 11 ... ...

    Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It originated from the Chinese city of Wuhan and very quickly became a challenging public health problem. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization termed this potentially deadly disease a pandemic due to its rapid spread in various parts of the world, giving rise to international health emergencies. This virus is transmitted from human to human in the form of respiratory droplets, and in specific circumstances, airborne transmission may occur. Additional sources of exposure for dentists include blood and infected sharps. Due to the contagious nature of COVID-19 many health care providers have also been disproportionately affected, such as physicians, dentists, nurses, and paramedical staff. Dentists and dental staff are at high risk of cross-infection due to their nature of work. Therefore, they face a dual challenge in protecting themselves and their patients from infection transmission while ensuring that patients receive urgent dental care. In this review, the authors highlight the epidemiology, modes of cross-infection, and recent data on SARS-CoV-2 related to dental practice. The primary purpose is to make dental health care providers aware of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and to increase their preparedness and understanding of this challenge, which will aid in controlling transmission. The information collected will be useful for the dental community in providing effective patient management through evidence-based recommendations for infection control and disinfection protocols.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-10
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2581463-1
    ISSN 2190-7196 ; 2190-7188
    ISSN (online) 2190-7196
    ISSN 2190-7188
    DOI 10.1007/s12553-021-00627-6
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  4. Article ; Online: The pandemic Escherichia coli sequence type 131 strain is acquired even in the absence of antibiotic exposure.

    Whitmer, Grant R / Moorthy, Ganga / Arshad, Mehreen

    PLoS pathogens

    2019  Volume 15, Issue 12, Page(s) e1008162

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli/pathogenicity ; Escherichia coli Infections/genetics ; Escherichia coli Infections/transmission ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Virulence/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2205412-1
    ISSN 1553-7374 ; 1553-7366
    ISSN (online) 1553-7374
    ISSN 1553-7366
    DOI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008162
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  5. Article ; Online: Genetic and Epigenetic Determinants of COVID-19 Susceptibility: A Systematic Review.

    Gasmi, Amin / Kassym, Laura / Menzel, Alain / Anzar, Wajiha / Dadar, Maryam / Semenova, Yuliya / Arshad, Mehreen / Bihunyak, Tetyana / Meguid, Nagwa Abdel / Peana, Massimiliano / Bekbergenova, Zhanagul / Bjørklund, Geir

    Current medicinal chemistry

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: The molecular mechanisms regulating coronavirus pathogenesis are complex, including virus-host interactions associated with replication and innate immune control. However, some genetic and epigenetic conditions associated with comorbidities ... ...

    Abstract Background: The molecular mechanisms regulating coronavirus pathogenesis are complex, including virus-host interactions associated with replication and innate immune control. However, some genetic and epigenetic conditions associated with comorbidities increase the risk of hospitalization and can prove fatal in infected patients. This systematic review will provide insight into host genetic and epigenetic factors that interfere with COVID-19 expression in light of available evidence.
    Methods: This study conducted a systematic review to examine the genetic and epigenetic susceptibility to COVID-19 using a comprehensive approach. Through systematic searches and applying relevant keywords across prominent online databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct, we compiled all pertinent papers and reports published in English between December 2019 and June 2023.
    Results: The findings reveal that the host's HLA genotype plays a substantial role in determining how viral protein antigens are showcased and the subsequent immune system reaction to these antigens. Within females, genes responsible for immune system regulation are found on the X chromosome, resulting in reduced viral load and inflammation levels when contrasted with males. Possessing blood group A may contribute to an increased susceptibility to contracting COVID-19 as well as a heightened risk of mortality associated with the disease. The capacity of SARS-CoV-2 involves inhibiting the antiviral interferon (IFN) reactions, resulting in uncontrolled viral multiplication.
    Conclusion: There is a notable absence of research into the gender-related predisposition to infection, necessitating a thorough examination. According to the available literature, a significant portion of individuals affected by the ailment or displaying severe ramifications already had suppressed immune systems, categorizing them as a group with elevated risk.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-19
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1319315-6
    ISSN 1875-533X ; 0929-8673
    ISSN (online) 1875-533X
    ISSN 0929-8673
    DOI 10.2174/0109298673267890231221100659
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 4432: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: The effects of antibiotic exposures on the gut resistome during hematopoietic cell transplantation in children.

    Heston, Sarah M / Young, Rebecca R / Jenkins, Kirsten / Martin, Paul L / Stokhuyzen, Andre / Ward, Doyle V / Bhattarai, Shakti K / Bucci, Vanni / Arshad, Mehreen / Chao, Nelson J / Seed, Patrick C / Kelly, Matthew S

    Gut microbes

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 2333748

    Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is a global threat driven primarily by antibiotic use. We evaluated the effects of antibiotic exposures on the gut microbiomes and resistomes of children at high risk of colonization by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We performed ... ...

    Abstract Antibiotic resistance is a global threat driven primarily by antibiotic use. We evaluated the effects of antibiotic exposures on the gut microbiomes and resistomes of children at high risk of colonization by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing of 691 serially collected fecal samples from 80 children (<18 years) undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation. We evaluated the effects of aerobic (cefepime, vancomycin, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and anaerobic (piperacillin-tazobactam, carbapenems, metronidazole, and clindamycin) antibiotic exposures on the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome and resistome. We identified 372 unique antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs); the most frequent ARGs identified encode resistance to tetracyclines (
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacteria/genetics ; Fluoroquinolones/pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Fluoroquinolones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2575755-6
    ISSN 1949-0984 ; 1949-0984
    ISSN (online) 1949-0984
    ISSN 1949-0984
    DOI 10.1080/19490976.2024.2333748
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  7. Article ; Online: MarR family proteins are important regulators of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance.

    Beggs, Grace A / Brennan, Richard G / Arshad, Mehreen

    Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society

    2019  Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) 647–653

    Abstract: There has been a rapid spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria across the world. MDR efflux transporters are an important mechanism of antibiotic resistance in many pathogens among both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. These pumps can ... ...

    Abstract There has been a rapid spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria across the world. MDR efflux transporters are an important mechanism of antibiotic resistance in many pathogens among both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. These pumps can recognize a variety of chemically and structurally different compounds, including innate and clinically administered antibiotics. Intriguingly, these efflux pumps are often regulated by transcription factors that themselves bind a diverse set of substrates thereby allowing them to regulate the expression of their cognate MDR efflux pumps. One significant family of such transcription factors is the Multiple antibiotic resistance Repressor (MarR) family. Members of this family are well conserved across different bacterial species and in some cases are known to regulate vital bacterial functions. This review focusses on the role of MarR family transcriptional factors in antibiotic resistance within a select group of clinically relevant pathogens.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Escherichia coli Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Models, Molecular ; Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; MarR protein, E coli ; Repressor Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1106283-6
    ISSN 1469-896X ; 0961-8368
    ISSN (online) 1469-896X
    ISSN 0961-8368
    DOI 10.1002/pro.3769
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    Zs.A 3407: Show issues Location:
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    Zs.MO 1: Show issues

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  8. Article ; Online: Optimization of a Noncanonical Anti-infective: Interrogation of the Target Binding Pocket for a Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Escherichia coli Polysaccharide Capsule Expression.

    Arshad, Mehreen / Beggs, Grace A / Brennan, Richard G / Seed, Patrick C

    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

    2020  Volume 65, Issue 1

    Abstract: We previously identified a small-molecule inhibitor of capsule biogenesis (designated DU011) and identified its target as MprA, a MarR family transcriptional repressor of multidrug efflux pumps. Unlike other proposed MprA ligands, such as salicylate and ... ...

    Abstract We previously identified a small-molecule inhibitor of capsule biogenesis (designated DU011) and identified its target as MprA, a MarR family transcriptional repressor of multidrug efflux pumps. Unlike other proposed MprA ligands, such as salicylate and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), DU011 does not alter
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics ; Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism ; Ligands ; Polysaccharides ; Protein Binding
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Ligands ; Polysaccharides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 217602-6
    ISSN 1098-6596 ; 0066-4804
    ISSN (online) 1098-6596
    ISSN 0066-4804
    DOI 10.1128/AAC.01208-20
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    Einzelsignatur: Show issues

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  9. Article ; Online: Covid -19, misinformation, and antimicrobial resistance.

    Arshad, Mehreen / Mahmood, Syed Faisal / Khan, Mishal / Hasan, Rumina

    BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

    2020  Volume 371, Page(s) m4501

    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; Communication ; Consumer Health Information/standards ; Humans
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1362901-3
    ISSN 1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    ISSN (online) 1756-1833
    ISSN 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
    DOI 10.1136/bmj.m4501
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  10. Article ; Online: A survey of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive healthcare providers: Household prevention measures and stress early in the pandemic.

    Otero, Sebastian / Mithal, Leena B / Khan, Anum I / Willnow, Antonia S / Patel, Ami B / Arshad, Mehreen

    Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE

    2021  Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) e57

    Abstract: Measures to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread to household members was assessed by surveying COVID-19-positive physicians and advanced practice providers. Showering and changing were more common than physical distancing. Half of ... ...

    Abstract Measures to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread to household members was assessed by surveying COVID-19-positive physicians and advanced practice providers. Showering and changing were more common than physical distancing. Half of respondents reported a symptomatic household member. Most reported increased stress, worsening of mental health, and concerns about illness and impact on family.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2732-494X
    ISSN (online) 2732-494X
    DOI 10.1017/ash.2021.221
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