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  1. Article ; Online: When is a Kupffer cell not a Kupffer cell? Novel insight into macrophage fate and function in hepatic fibrosis.

    Arteel, Gavin E

    Journal of leukocyte biology

    2024  Volume 115, Issue 3, Page(s) 415–416

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Kupffer Cells ; Liver Cirrhosis/pathology ; Liver/pathology ; Macrophages ; Phagocytosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 605722-6
    ISSN 1938-3673 ; 0741-5400
    ISSN (online) 1938-3673
    ISSN 0741-5400
    DOI 10.1093/jleuko/qiae005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Liver-lung axes in alcohol-related liver disease.

    Arteel, Gavin E

    Clinical and molecular hepatology

    2020  Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 670–676

    Abstract: Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and alcohol-related susceptibility to acute lung injury are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality due to chronic alcohol abuse. Most commonly, alcohol-induced injury to both organs are evaluated independently, ... ...

    Abstract Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and alcohol-related susceptibility to acute lung injury are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality due to chronic alcohol abuse. Most commonly, alcohol-induced injury to both organs are evaluated independently, although they share many parallel mechanisms of injury. Moreover, recent studies indicate that there is a potential liver lung axis that may contribute to organ pathology. This mini-review explores established and potential mechanisms of organ-organ crosstalk in ALD and alcohol-related lung injury.
    MeSH term(s) Alcoholism ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; Lung
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2672560-5
    ISSN 2287-285X ; 2287-2728
    ISSN (online) 2287-285X
    ISSN 2287-2728
    DOI 10.3350/cmh.2020.0174
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: The French guidelines for alcohol-related liver disease-what's new, what's not and what's still needed.

    Hernández-Tejero, María / Arteel, Gavin E

    Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 110–115

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-11
    Publishing country China (Republic : 1949- )
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2812398-0
    ISSN 2304-389X ; 2304-3881
    ISSN (online) 2304-389X
    ISSN 2304-3881
    DOI 10.21037/hbsn-22-560
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Environmental exposure as a risk-modifying factor in liver diseases: Knowns and unknowns.

    Beier, Juliane I / Arteel, Gavin E

    Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 12, Page(s) 3768–3778

    Abstract: Liver diseases are considered to predominantly possess an inherited or xenobiotic etiology. However, inheritance drives the ability to appropriately adapt to environmental stressors, and disease is the culmination of a maladaptive response. Thus "pure" ... ...

    Abstract Liver diseases are considered to predominantly possess an inherited or xenobiotic etiology. However, inheritance drives the ability to appropriately adapt to environmental stressors, and disease is the culmination of a maladaptive response. Thus "pure" genetic and "pure" xenobiotic liver diseases are modified by each other and other factors, identified or unknown. The purpose of this review is to highlight the knowledgebase of environmental exposure as a potential risk modifying agent for the development of liver disease by other causes. This exercise is not to argue that all liver diseases have an environmental component, but to challenge the assumption that the current state of our knowledge is sufficient in all cases to conclusively dismiss this as a possibility. This review also discusses key new tools and approaches that will likely be critical to address this question in the future. Taken together, identifying the key gaps in our understanding is critical for the field to move forward, or at the very least to "know what we don't know."
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2211-3835
    ISSN 2211-3835
    DOI 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The liver matrisome - looking beyond collagens.

    Arteel, Gavin E / Naba, Alexandra

    JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology

    2020  Volume 2, Issue 4, Page(s) 100115

    Abstract: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a diverse microenvironment that maintains bidirectional communication with surrounding cells to regulate cell and tissue homeostasis. The classical definition of the ECM has more recently been extended to include non- ... ...

    Abstract The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a diverse microenvironment that maintains bidirectional communication with surrounding cells to regulate cell and tissue homeostasis. The classical definition of the ECM has more recently been extended to include non-fibrillar proteins that either interact or are structurally affiliated with the ECM, termed the 'matrisome.' In addition to providing the structure and architectural support for cells and tissue, the matrisome serves as a reservoir for growth factors and cytokines, as well as a signaling hub via which cells can communicate with their environment and vice-versa. The matrisome is a master regulator of tissue homeostasis and organ function, which can dynamically and appropriately respond to any stress or injury. Failure to properly regulate these responses can lead to changes in the matrisome that are maladaptive. Hepatic fibrosis is a canonical example of ECM dyshomeostasis, leading to accumulation of predominantly collagenous ECM; indeed, hepatic fibrosis is considered almost synonymous with collagen accumulation. However, the qualitative and quantitative alterations of the hepatic matrisome during fibrosis are much more diverse than simple accumulation of collagens and occur long before fibrosis is histologically detected. A deeper understanding of the hepatic matrisome and its response to injury could yield new mechanistic insights into disease progression and regression, as well as potentially identify new biomarkers for both. In this review, we discuss the role of the ECM in liver diseases and look at new "omic" approaches to study this compartment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-18
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2589-5559
    ISSN (online) 2589-5559
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100115
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The Matrisome, Inflammation, and Liver Disease.

    Dolin, Christine E / Arteel, Gavin E

    Seminars in liver disease

    2020  Volume 40, Issue 2, Page(s) 180–188

    Abstract: Chronic fatty liver disease is common worldwide. This disease is a spectrum of disease states, ranging from simple steatosis (fat accumulation) to inflammation, and eventually to fibrosis and cirrhosis if untreated. The fibrotic stage of chronic liver ... ...

    Abstract Chronic fatty liver disease is common worldwide. This disease is a spectrum of disease states, ranging from simple steatosis (fat accumulation) to inflammation, and eventually to fibrosis and cirrhosis if untreated. The fibrotic stage of chronic liver disease is primarily characterized by robust accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (collagens) that ultimately impairs the function of the organ. The role of the ECM in early stages of chronic liver disease is less well-understood, but recent research has demonstrated that several changes in the hepatic ECM in prefibrotic liver disease are not only present but may also contribute to disease progression. The purpose of this review is to summarize the established and proposed changes to the hepatic ECM that may contribute to inflammation during earlier stages of disease development, and to discuss potential mechanisms by which these changes may mediate the progression of the disease.
    MeSH term(s) Disease Progression ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation/immunology ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Liver Diseases/immunology ; Liver Diseases/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Extracellular Matrix Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 603177-8
    ISSN 1098-8971 ; 0272-8087
    ISSN (online) 1098-8971
    ISSN 0272-8087
    DOI 10.1055/s-0039-3402516
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Leveraging oxidative stress questions in vivo: Implications and limitations.

    Arteel, Gavin E

    Archives of biochemistry and biophysics

    2016  Volume 595, Page(s) 40–45

    Abstract: The elegance of Helmut Sies' original definition of oxidative stress belies the complexity of the reactions that are potentially involved. This is by no means a criticism of the author, but rather how the words have been used to oversimplify the concept ... ...

    Abstract The elegance of Helmut Sies' original definition of oxidative stress belies the complexity of the reactions that are potentially involved. This is by no means a criticism of the author, but rather how the words have been used to oversimplify the concept by some. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) can be products of a myriad of events within the living body. Indeed, it is now understood that ROS/RNS are critical for normal cellular metabolism and have beneficial effects (e.g., cytotoxicity against invading bacteria). A general problem of studying prooxidants in vivo is that, due to their inherent reactivity, they generally cannot be measured directly. This indirect detection of 'footprints' leaves a very large black box that we are to this day only beginning to understand. This manuscript will summarize some considerations that are of utmost importance when translating oxidative stress into in vivo research. Helmut has been a key thought leader, researcher and mentor whose contributions to this field are immeasurable.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Nitrogen Species/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Reactive Nitrogen Species ; Reactive Oxygen Species
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 523-x
    ISSN 1096-0384 ; 0003-9861
    ISSN (online) 1096-0384
    ISSN 0003-9861
    DOI 10.1016/j.abb.2015.11.009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Coexistent alcohol-related cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis have a comparable phenotype to either disease alone: A comparative retrospective analysis.

    Lu, Michael / Sun, Yujie / Feldman, Robert / Saul, Melissa / Althouse, Andrew / Arteel, Gavin / Yadav, Dhiraj

    World journal of hepatology

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 431–440

    Abstract: Background: Alcohol use disorder is a prevalent disease in the United States. It is a well-demonstrated cause of recurrent and long-standing liver and pancreatic injury which can lead to alcohol-related liver cirrhosis (ALC) and chronic pancreatitis ( ... ...

    Abstract Background: Alcohol use disorder is a prevalent disease in the United States. It is a well-demonstrated cause of recurrent and long-standing liver and pancreatic injury which can lead to alcohol-related liver cirrhosis (ALC) and chronic pancreatitis (ACP). ALC and ACP are associated with significant healthcare utilization, cost burden, and mortality. The prevalence of coexistent disease (CD) ranges widely in the literature and the intersection between ALC and ACP is inconsistently characterized. As such, the clinical profile of coexistent ALC and ACP remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that patients with CD have a worse phenotype when compared to single organ disease.
    Aim: To compare the clinical profile and outcomes of patients with CD from those with ALC or ACP Only.
    Methods: In this retrospective comparative analysis, we reviewed international classification of disease 9/10 codes and electronic health records of adult patients with verified ALC Only (
    Results: Compared to CD or ACP Only, patients with ALC Only were more likely to be older, Caucasian, have higher body mass index, and Hepatitis B or C infection. CD patients (
    Conclusion: CD does not have a worse phenotype compared with single organ disease. The dominant phenotype in CD is similar to ALC Only which should be the focus in longitudinal follow-up.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2573703-X
    ISSN 1948-5182
    ISSN 1948-5182
    DOI 10.4254/wjh.v15.i3.431
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Positive Predictive Value of Cirrhosis and Chronic Pancreatitis Diagnoses in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder: A Single-Center Study.

    Sun, Yujie / Lu, Michael / Feldman, Robert / Saul, Melissa / Althouse, Andrew / Arteel, Gavin / Yadav, Dhiraj

    Digestive diseases and sciences

    2023  Volume 69, Issue 2, Page(s) 596–602

    Abstract: Background: Although accuracy of diagnosis codes for cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis (CP) has been evaluated in multiple studies, none have focused on patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD). We evaluated the positive predictive value (PPV) for a ... ...

    Abstract Background: Although accuracy of diagnosis codes for cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis (CP) has been evaluated in multiple studies, none have focused on patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD). We evaluated the positive predictive value (PPV) for a verified diagnosis of cirrhosis and CP in AUD patients treated at a tertiary care center.
    Methods: We performed a detailed review of electronic health records for AUD patients assigned ICD-9 or 10 codes for alcoholic cirrhosis (ALC) (n = 199), CP (n = 200), or both (n = 200). We calculated PPV for a verified diagnosis of cirrhosis and CP and performed multivariable regression analysis to assess the impact of relevant factors on PPV for a verified diagnosis.
    Results: PPV of cirrhosis was 81.2% (95% CI 77.0 to 84.9%) which increased to 87.5% (95% CI 83.8 to 90.6%) if the definition was relaxed to include alcohol-related hepatitis. PPV of CP was 54.5% (95% CI 49.5 to 59.5%) which increased to 78% (95% CI 73.6 to 82.0%) when recurrent acute pancreatitis was included in the definition. In multivariable analyses, the odds of a verified diagnosis were significantly higher in individuals aged 65+ years for both cirrhosis (OR 12.23, 95% CI 2.19 to 68.42) and CP (OR 8.84, 95% CI 2.7 to 28.93) and in ever smokers for CP (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.65).
    Conclusion: PPV for diagnosis codes in AUD patients is high for a verified diagnosis of cirrhosis but only modest for CP. While administrative datasets can provide reliable information for cirrhosis, future studies should focus on ways to boost the diagnostic validity of administrative datasets for CP.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Alcoholism/complications ; Alcoholism/diagnosis ; Alcoholism/epidemiology ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Acute Disease ; Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis ; Liver Cirrhosis/epidemiology ; Pancreatitis, Chronic/complications ; Pancreatitis, Chronic/diagnosis ; Pancreatitis, Chronic/epidemiology ; Hepatitis, Alcoholic ; International Classification of Diseases
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 304250-9
    ISSN 1573-2568 ; 0163-2116
    ISSN (online) 1573-2568
    ISSN 0163-2116
    DOI 10.1007/s10620-023-08183-x
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  10. Article ; Online: Effect of ethanol on lipid metabolism.

    You, Min / Arteel, Gavin E

    Journal of hepatology

    2019  Volume 70, Issue 2, Page(s) 237–248

    Abstract: Hepatic lipid metabolism is a series of complex processes that control influx and efflux of not only hepatic lipid pools, but also organismal pools. Lipid homeostasis is usually tightly controlled by expression, substrate supply, oxidation and secretion ... ...

    Abstract Hepatic lipid metabolism is a series of complex processes that control influx and efflux of not only hepatic lipid pools, but also organismal pools. Lipid homeostasis is usually tightly controlled by expression, substrate supply, oxidation and secretion that keep hepatic lipid pools relatively constant. However, perturbations of any of these processes can lead to lipid accumulation in the liver. Although it is thought that these responses are hepatic arms of the 'thrifty genome', they are maladaptive in the context of chronic fatty liver diseases. Ethanol is likely unique among toxins, in that it perturbs almost all aspects of hepatic lipid metabolism. This complex response is due in part to the large metabolic demand placed on the organ by alcohol metabolism, but also appears to involve more nuanced changes in expression and substrate supply. The net effect is that steatosis is a rapid response to alcohol abuse. Although transient steatosis is largely an inert pathology, the chronicity of alcohol-related liver disease seems to require steatosis. Better and more specific understanding of the mechanisms by which alcohol causes steatosis may therefore translate into targeted therapies to treat alcohol-related liver disease and/or prevent its progression.
    MeSH term(s) Alcoholism/metabolism ; Animals ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Ethanol/metabolism ; Ethanol/pharmacology ; Fatty Acid Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/metabolism ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/pathology ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects ; Triglycerides/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Fatty Acid Transport Proteins ; Fatty Acids ; Triglycerides ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M) ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-14
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 605953-3
    ISSN 1600-0641 ; 0168-8278
    ISSN (online) 1600-0641
    ISSN 0168-8278
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.037
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