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Article ; Online: Hamatolunate impingement syndrome in golfers: results of arthroscopic burring of the apex of the hamate.

Artuso, M / Picard, K / Manoukov, Y / Fontes, D

2022 Volume 41, Issue 4, Page(s) 452–456

Abstract: Hamatolunate impingement syndrome is an uncommon cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain in the general population. Often misdiagnosed and untreated by non-specialized physicians, it is an important source of chronic ulnar wrist pain in golfers. The purpose of ... ...

Abstract	Hamatolunate impingement syndrome is an uncommon cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain in the general population. Often misdiagnosed and untreated by non-specialized physicians, it is an important source of chronic ulnar wrist pain in golfers. The purpose of this retrospective study was to report results of arthroscopic burring of the apex of the hamate for hamatolunate impingement, whether isolated or not, in golf players, with a minimum of six months follow-up. Fifteen golf players (10 amateur, 2 semi-professional and 3 professional players), aged 40-61 years, with ulnar carpal pain implicating hamatolunate impingement with Viegas type-II carpal configuration, were included. Treatment consisted in arthroscopic burring of the apex of the hamate. At an average follow-up of 11 months (range, 6-24 months), all patients were satisfied with functional results, except 1 with persistent pain and stiffness; 93% returned to sport to their prior level. Mean range of motion was improved by 17 ° for wrist flexion (range, 15 ° to 30 °) and 15 ° for wrist extension (range, 10 ° to 25 °). All patients except 1 recovered grip strength, improving from 27 kg (range, 12-53) preoperatively to 35 kg (range, 17-61) at last-follow-up, and ulnar-sided pain was alleviated during golf practice. Return to prior sport level was possible by 5.5 months for professional players and by 9 months for amateurs. Arthroscopic burring of the apex of the hamate provided good clinical results for function and pain, with fairly rapid return to sport. Hamatolunate chondritis does not always mean pathology but represents the natural progression of Viegas type II wrists.
MeSH term(s)	Arthralgia ; Carpal Bones/surgery ; Hamate Bone/surgery ; Humans ; Pain/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Wrist Joint/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-22
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2848776-X
ISSN	2468-1210
ISSN (online)	2468-1210
DOI	10.1016/j.hansur.2022.04.004
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Zs.A 1791: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Validation of the spontaneous lateral laxity sign for radial collateral ligament sprain of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the fingers: Anatomical study.

Artuso, M / Martins, A / Laurent-Perrot, M / Meyer Zu Reckendorf, G

Hand surgery & rehabilitation

2022 Volume 41, Issue 3, Page(s) 347–352

Abstract: Severe collateral ligament sprain of the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) of the fingers is rare. Clinical examination is mandatory to diagnose severity. The purpose of our study was to validate a clinical sign for MCP joint laxity: the spontaneous ... ...

Abstract	Severe collateral ligament sprain of the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) of the fingers is rare. Clinical examination is mandatory to diagnose severity. The purpose of our study was to validate a clinical sign for MCP joint laxity: the spontaneous lateral laxity sign (SLLS), recently described by Meyer et al. to diagnose severe MCP radial collateral ligament (RCL) sprain, with a comparison with the already validated rotational laxity test (RLT). SLLS and RLT were assessed before RCL transection, after RCL transection and after RCL repair on 40 long fingers in 10 fresh thawed cadavers. SLLS was performed with the elbow on the table, wrist in 70° flexion, in neutral pronation-supination, hands drooping passively with the dorsal side toward the examiner and the ulnar side toward the table. The MCP joints were at rest, in passive slight extension. Positive results were defined as an overlap of the damaged finger on the next, or as an increased abduction of the little finger. Correlation between the two tests was calculated. SLLS was positive in 0% of cases before RCL transection, 100% after transection and 0% after repair. Mean arcs of pronation and supination on RLT were 16 and 19.5 mm before section, 24 and 33 mm after section (52% and 69% increase compared to preoperative data), and 17 and 21 mm after repair (7% and 8% increase). Correlation between the two tests was 100%. The spontaneous lateral laxity sign is a simple and reliable clinical sign for diagnosing complete long-finger MCP RCL tears requiring surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : III, case-control study.
MeSH term(s)	Case-Control Studies ; Collateral Ligaments/injuries ; Forearm Injuries ; Hand Injuries ; Humans ; Joint Instability/diagnosis ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint/injuries ; Sprains and Strains ; Supination ; Wrist Injuries
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-05
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2848776-X
ISSN	2468-1210
ISSN (online)	2468-1210
DOI	10.1016/j.hansur.2022.01.008
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Zs.A 1791: Show issues

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Article: Systematic use of short unicortical epiphyseal locking screws versus full-length unicortical locking screws in distal radius fracture volar plating: A prospective and comparative study.

Artuso, M / Protais, M / Herisson, O / Miquel, A / Cambon-Binder, A / Sautet, A

European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie

2021 Volume 32, Issue 1, Page(s) 11–18

Abstract: Purpose: Volar locking plates, used in distal radius fracture (DRF), present a risk of injuring extensor tendons with screws penetrating the dorsal cortex of the radius. Actually, even when aiming to use maximum-length unicortical locking screws, some ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Volar locking plates, used in distal radius fracture (DRF), present a risk of injuring extensor tendons with screws penetrating the dorsal cortex of the radius. Actually, even when aiming to use maximum-length unicortical locking screws, some still could be bicortical. We hypothesize the use of only short unicortical screws would allow a proper stabilization of the radial epiphysis without the risk of dorsal cortex penetration. Materials and methods: A prospective monocentric non-randomized study was conducted. Patients with DRF (excepted for partial dorsal joint fractures) were treated in group A with short locking epiphyseal screws (16 mm for females, 18 mm for males) and in group B with full-length unicortical locking screws. Ultrasound was done 3 months postoperatively to evaluate the number and length of prominent dorsal screws. X-rays were performed after 6 weeks to assess stability according to volar tilt and radial inclination variations. Results: There were 37 patients in group A and 39 in group B with 148 and 156 epiphyseal screws, respectively. In group A, there were 0% of dorsal penetrating screws against 6.5% (10 screws from 8 patients) in group B (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference for the stability between the groups: mean volar tilt variation ( - 0.6° vs. - 0.7°) and mean radial inclination variation ( - 0.4° vs. - 0.4°). Conclusion: For a same stability with volar locking plates for DRF, short epiphyseal locking screws should be preferred to full-length unicortical screws in order to prevent extensor tendon injuries. Based on 75% of distal radial average anteroposterior width for each sex, screw lengths of 16 mm for females and 18 mm for males seem to be the length to use. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2: Prospective, Comparisons made, non-randomized.
MeSH term(s)	Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Epiphyses ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Radius Fractures/diagnostic imaging ; Radius Fractures/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-04
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1231084-0
ISSN	1432-1068 ; 1633-8065 ; 0948-4817 ; 0940-3264
ISSN (online)	1432-1068
ISSN	1633-8065 ; 0948-4817 ; 0940-3264
DOI	10.1007/s00590-021-02899-0
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Zs.A 3479: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Arthroscopic proximal carpal row replacement by semitendinosus and gracilis graft (CArpus Row Plasty Using the Semitendinosus: CARPUS procedure). An anatomical study of 16 cases.

Artuso, Mickaël / Protais, Marie / Soubeyrand, Marc

Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR

2021 Volume 108, Issue 7, Page(s) 103124

Abstract: Introduction: Post-traumatic lesions of the carpus (scapholunate rupture, scaphoid non-union) frequently evolve into disabling osteoarthritis (scapholunate advanced collapse or scaphoid non-union advanced collapse: SLAC or SNAC wrist). Proximal row ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Post-traumatic lesions of the carpus (scapholunate rupture, scaphoid non-union) frequently evolve into disabling osteoarthritis (scapholunate advanced collapse or scaphoid non-union advanced collapse: SLAC or SNAC wrist). Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) is a reliable option but with poorer prognosis in case of osteoarthritis of the distal radius or capitate head. In such situations, radiocarpal arthrodesis may be necessary, sacrificing wrist motion. To circumvent this limitation, we propose a new procedure consisting in arthroscopic PRC and replacing the proximal row by tendon graft. Methods: This was a study on 16 cadaver specimens. A scapholunate pin was introduced via an approach into the anatomical snuffbox and used as a guide for a cannulated drill bit (9mm) to create a tunnel through the proximal row. The arthroscope and a reamer were introduced into the tunnel via its radial and ulnar ends. PRC was performed under arthroscopic control. The gracilis and semitendinosus tendons were harvested and folded so as to obtain a graft with the same length and diameter as the proximal row. The graft was threaded through the radial approach and fixed to the capsule. Results: Mean procedure time was 68min. There was no pre- to postoperative difference in joint motion or carpal height. On radiocinematography, the graft was stable between the radius and the second row of the carpus. The radial and ulnar sensory branches, median nerve and radial artery were intact at end of procedure. Discussion: This technique could be a solution in SLAC or SNAC wrist with osteoarthritis of the capitate head or radial glenoid. It also conserves carpal height. Being arthroscopic, the procedure avoids the major edema observed after a dorsal approach of the carpus, and also ensures graft stability, since the radiocarpal ligaments are conserved. Harvesting from a second anatomical site and the in vivo fate of the transplant are two issues that need to be discussed. Conclusion: This anatomical study paves the way for clinical experimentation. Level of evidence: IV.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Wrist ; Hamstring Muscles ; Carpal Bones/surgery ; Wrist Joint/surgery ; Scaphoid Bone/surgery ; Arthrodesis/methods ; Osteoarthritis/surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Range of Motion, Articular/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-23
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1877-0568
ISSN (online)	1877-0568
DOI	10.1016/j.otsr.2021.103124
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Article ; Online: Bipedicle strap flaps for reconstruction of longitudinal dorsal finger defects: a review of 42 cases.

Martins, Antoine / Artuso, Mickael / Marc Claise, Jean

The Journal of hand surgery, European volume

2021 Volume 46, Issue 8, Page(s) 873–876

Abstract: We report our experience with 42 bipedicle strap flaps in 42 fingers of 37 patients for the reconstruction of long longitudinal dorsal finger defects. Twelve cases were compound lesions with tendon lacerations. All flaps healed without infection, ... ...

Abstract	We report our experience with 42 bipedicle strap flaps in 42 fingers of 37 patients for the reconstruction of long longitudinal dorsal finger defects. Twelve cases were compound lesions with tendon lacerations. All flaps healed without infection, congestion or necrosis. At follow-up, mean total active interphalangeal joint mobility was 150° and 108° in patients without and with tendon lacerations, respectively. The median scores of the short version of the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire were 5 and 7, respectively. Patients were able to return to work or to their daily activities after a mean of 6 weeks. The patients were satisfied with the appearance in 34 of the 42 flaps. We conclude that the flap is a useful option for reconstructing dorsal digital lesions. It has a texture similar to the normal dorsal digital skin, and it is easy to perform without needing microsurgery.
MeSH term(s)	Finger Injuries/surgery ; Fingers/surgery ; Humans ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Transplantation ; Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2272801-6
ISSN	2043-6289 ; 1753-1934
ISSN (online)	2043-6289
ISSN	1753-1934
DOI	10.1177/17531934211008796
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Zs.A 1940: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Anatomy of the median nerve and its clinical applications.

Soubeyrand, M / Melhem, R / Protais, M / Artuso, M / Crézé, M

Hand surgery & rehabilitation

2019 Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 2–18

Abstract: The median nerve is a mixed sensory and motor nerve. It is classically described as the nerve of pronation, of thumb, index finger, middle finger and wrist flexion, of thumb antepulsion and opposition, as well as the nerve of sensation for the palmar ... ...

Abstract	The median nerve is a mixed sensory and motor nerve. It is classically described as the nerve of pronation, of thumb, index finger, middle finger and wrist flexion, of thumb antepulsion and opposition, as well as the nerve of sensation for the palmar aspect of the first three fingers. It takes its name from its middle position at the end of the brachial plexus and the forearm. During its course from its origin at the brachial plexus to its terminal branches, it runs through various narrow passages where it could be compressed, such as the carpal tunnel or the pronator teres. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the median nerve's anatomy: anatomical variations (branches, median-ulnar communicating branches), fascicular microanatomy, vascularization, anatomy of compression sites, embryology, ultrasonographic anatomy. The links between its anatomy and clinical, surgical or diagnostic applications are emphasized throughout this review.
MeSH term(s)	Central Nervous System/physiology ; Efferent Pathways/physiology ; Fascia/innervation ; Hand/innervation ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures/complications ; Median Nerve/anatomy & histology ; Median Nerve/physiology ; Median Neuropathy/diagnosis ; Nerve Compression Syndromes/diagnosis ; Nerve Endings/physiology ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurons/physiology ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries/classification ; Spinal Nerves/physiology ; Upper Extremity/innervation
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-06
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2848776-X
ISSN	2468-1210
ISSN (online)	2468-1210
DOI	10.1016/j.hansur.2019.10.197
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Zs.A 1791: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Use of Gracile and semi-tendinosus tendons (GRAST) for the reconstruction of irreparable rotator cuff tears.

Protais, Marie / Laurent-Perrot, Maxime / Artuso, Mickaël / Moody, M Christian / Sautet, Alain / Soubeyrand, Marc

BMC musculoskeletal disorders

2021 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 331

Abstract: Background: Irreparable rotator cuff tears are common and difficult to treat. Techniques for "filling the loss of substance" require fixation to the rotator cuff stump (tendon augmentation) or to the glenoid (superior capsular reconstruction), which are ...

Abstract	Background: Irreparable rotator cuff tears are common and difficult to treat. Techniques for "filling the loss of substance" require fixation to the rotator cuff stump (tendon augmentation) or to the glenoid (superior capsular reconstruction), which are complicated by the narrow working zone of the subacromial space. The main objective of this study was to determine whether a braided graft of gracilis (GR) and semitendinosus (ST) could fill a loss of tendon substance from an irreparable rupture of the supra- and infraspinatus, by fixing the graft to the greater tuberosity and the spine of the scapula. Methods: This was a cadaveric study with the use of ten specimens. The GRA and ST tendons were harvested, braided and reinforced with suture. An experimental tear of the supraspinatus (SS) and upper infraspinatus (IS) retracted at the glenoid was made. The GRAST transplant was positioned over the tear. The transplant was attached to the greater tuberosity by two anchors and then attached to the medial third of the scapular spine by trans-osseous stitching. The percentage of filling obtained was then measured and passive mobility of the shoulder was assessed. We proceeded to the same technique under arthroscopy for a 73 years old patient whom we treated for a painful shoulder with irreparable cuff tear. We inserted a GRAST graft using arthroscopy. Results: The Braided-GRAST allowed a 100% filling of the loss of tendon substance. Mobility was complete in all cases. Conclusion: This technique simplifies the medial fixation and restores the musculo-tendinous chain where current grafting techniques only fill a tendinous defect. The transplant could have a subacromial "spacer" effect and lower the humeral head. The donor site morbidity and the fate of the transplant in-vivo are two limits to be discussed. This anatomical study paves the way for clinical experimentation.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Arthroscopy ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Humans ; Rotator Cuff/diagnostic imaging ; Rotator Cuff/surgery ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/diagnostic imaging ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/surgery ; Shoulder Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Shoulder Joint/surgery ; Tendons/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2474
ISSN (online)	1471-2474
DOI	10.1186/s12891-021-04197-6
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Article ; Online: Collateral ligament sprains of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the long fingers: Results of a surgical series of 15 patients.

Meyer Zu Reckendorf, Gero / Artuso, Mickaël / Kientzi, Mylène / Rouzaud, Jean-Claude

Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR

2021 Volume 109, Issue 6, Page(s) 102952

Abstract: Introduction: Collateral ligament sprains of the metacarpophalangeal joint (MP) of the long fingers are rare and mostly treated conservatively. Clinical examination to diagnose the severity of these injuries is mandatory. The purpose of our study is to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Collateral ligament sprains of the metacarpophalangeal joint (MP) of the long fingers are rare and mostly treated conservatively. Clinical examination to diagnose the severity of these injuries is mandatory. The purpose of our study is to report the results of 15 patients treated surgically. Methods: Twenty-three patients, mean age 48, underwent surgery for Stage 3 radial collateral ligament (RCL) injuries of the middle finger (12), the ring finger (4) and the little finger (7). The mean time from trauma to surgery was 53 days. The clinical evaluation consisted of measuring active joint motion, performing laxity tests at 0°, 30° and 90° of MP flexion, testing for laxity and rotation, looking for a spontaneous overlapping finger (or hyperabducted little finger) in relaxed position and measuring the strength (Jamar). Results: Among the 23 operated patients, RCL lesions were distal in 8 cases, proximal in 9, and mid-substance in 6. There were 2 Stener-like lesions. Preoperatively, 16 patients presented an overlapping finger over the next one and 7 had spontaneous hyperabduction of the fifth finger. Mean follow-up of the 15 patients reviewed was 24 months (8-56). Mean MP flexion-extension range of motion was 86°/11° (71-99/0-29). Mean MP ulnar laxity of the injured finger was 18°, 14° and 11° respectively at 0°, 30° and 90° and 19°, 16°and 13°on comparison to the same digit on the opposite side. Mean MP radial laxity of the injured finger was 28°, 22° and 10° respectively at 0°, 30°, 90°, same digit on opposite side was 29°, 21°, 11°. There were no postoperative overlapped or hyperabducted fingers concerning spontaneous lateral laxity in extension. The postoperative rotational laxity test showed differences of arc in supination and pronation between operated finger and healthy side of respectively -12% and +8%. Conclusion: The postoperative results of RCL repair of the MP in the long fingers are good in spite of some residual ligamentous distension, revealed by the laxity tests. The lateral laxity sign as a simple painless clinical sign for diagnosing complete RCL tears requiring surgery needs a validating study in order to spread its use. Level of evidence: IV; retrospective study.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Collateral Ligaments/surgery ; Joint Instability/surgery ; Joint Instability/pathology ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Sprains and Strains/pathology ; Fingers ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint/surgery ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint/injuries
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-02
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1877-0568
ISSN (online)	1877-0568
DOI	10.1016/j.otsr.2021.102952
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Article ; Online: External fixation: Role in decreasing postoperative complications of complex syndactyly release - A review of 18 patients.

Artuso, Mickaël / Mas, Virginie / Ilharreborde, Brice / Mazda, Keyvan / Jehanno, Pascal

Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR

2019 Volume 105, Issue 6, Page(s) 1187–1191

Abstract: Background: Primary and revision surgery for complete complex congenital syndactyly (CCCS) of the hand carries a risk of complications such as web maceration, which can result in flap or graft loss and alter the final appearance. No consensus emerges ... ...

Abstract	Background: Primary and revision surgery for complete complex congenital syndactyly (CCCS) of the hand carries a risk of complications such as web maceration, which can result in flap or graft loss and alter the final appearance. No consensus emerges from the scant published data on postoperative care after CCCS surgery. The objective of this study was to assess the role for temporary external fixation in stabilising the commissure and facilitating surgical wound care. Hypothesis: Using external fixation after CCCS release facilitates postoperative wound care and decreases the complication rate. Material and methods: Eighteen patients requiring primary CCCS surgery or revision CCCS surgery due to adhesions or web creep were included in a single-centre retrospective study. After release, an external fixator made of Kirschner pins was installed to temporarily immobilise the inter-phalangeal joints. The dressing was changed every 3 days for 3 weeks, and the external fixator was then removed. The parents and nurses completed questionnaires that used 0-10 point scales to assess ease and duration of dressing changes and perceptions and apprehensions experienced by parents and nurses, as well as pain by patients, during dressing changes. Results: No patient experienced maceration or failure of a graft or flap. Pin site discharge was noted in 1 patient and resolved fully after pin removal. Pain intensity was estimated at 4.2/10 during the first dressing change and 1.3/10 during the last dressing change. In the parents, apprehension was 9.6/10 and 5.1/10 during the first and last dressing changes, and stress was 8.1/10 and 4.1/10, respectively. Dressing change difficulty was rated 1.1/10 at the first and 0.9/10 at the last dressing change. Dressing change duration decreased from 13 to 10minutes. Conclusion: These encouraging results support temporary commissure stabilisation by an external fixator to decrease postoperative complication rates and facilitate dressing changes after CCCS release. Level of evidence: IV, retrospective observational study.
MeSH term(s)	Bandages ; Child, Preschool ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fingers/abnormalities ; Fingers/surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Postoperative Care/methods ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Flaps ; Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control ; Syndactyly/diagnosis ; Syndactyly/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-26
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1877-0568
ISSN (online)	1877-0568
DOI	10.1016/j.otsr.2019.05.015
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Article ; Online: Viruses: As mediators in "Élan vital" of the "creative" evolution.

Artuso, M C / Roldán, J S / Scolaro, L A / Carlucci, M J

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases

2016 Volume 46, Page(s) 78–84

Abstract: The understanding of the processes occurring in Nature has been a continuing concern throughout the history of mankind. Intellectual tools employed towards this goal were specific for each period and have been largely based on the prevailing paradigms ... ...

Abstract	The understanding of the processes occurring in Nature has been a continuing concern throughout the history of mankind. Intellectual tools employed towards this goal were specific for each period and have been largely based on the prevailing paradigms that reigned in the past. In this work we present evidence that supports the idea of viruses as key agents mediating natural processes linked to the evolution of organisms, particularly those involved in the flux of genes in the environment. This point of view tinges our perception of Nature and prompts us to include "viral" creativity and plasticity among the tools we employ to analyze those processes far beyond actual paradigms. Experimental data to support this proposal arose during the study of the interaction of the human pathogen, herpes simplex virus (HSV) with sulfated polysaccharides during multiplication of the virus in vitro. Sulfated polysaccharides are the main chemical structures found in carrageenans (CGNs) that are natural products obtained from seaweeds, which proved to be strong inhibitors for the virus. Here we describe the interaction between virus and CGNs as a suitable scenario for the emergence of viral variants which proved to be markedly attenuated for mice. A striking feature of these variants is that they showed changes at the level of conserved regions of the genome such as the DNA polymerase and thymidine kinase genes. In view of these findings, the importance of HSV evolution towards attenuated variants by the action of polysaccharides is also discussed. Attenuation may be considered part of a natural evolutionary process enabling the virus to contribute with valuable information for the host.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Life ; Mice ; Polysaccharides ; Simplexvirus ; Sulfates ; Viruses
Chemical Substances	Polysaccharides ; Sulfates
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2037068-4
ISSN	1567-7257 ; 1567-1348
ISSN (online)	1567-7257
ISSN	1567-1348
DOI	10.1016/j.meegid.2016.10.028
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Inter-library loan at ZB MED

More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito