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  1. Article ; Online: Status of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in a Tertiary Care Center

    Ajaya Basnet / Arun Bahadur Chand / Nayanum Pokhrel / Parbati Gurung / Junu Richhinbung Rai / Sohani Bajracharya / Sadiksha Acharya / Lok Bahadur Shrestha

    Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, Vol 20, Iss

    2022  Volume 02

    Abstract: Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are diseases of serious public health concern in low- and middle-income countries, including Nepal. Such infections can cause growth retardation and increased susceptibility to other parasitic infections. ...

    Abstract Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are diseases of serious public health concern in low- and middle-income countries, including Nepal. Such infections can cause growth retardation and increased susceptibility to other parasitic infections. Hence, this study aims to assess the prevalence of IPIs among the patients attending a tertiary care hospital in central Nepal. Methods: Clinical and laboratory records of patients, whose stool samples were collected and transported to the Department of Clinical Microbiology, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, during 2 years (January 2019 and December 2020) were examined for parasitological findings, by conventional microscopy using normal saline and iodine preparation. Results: Out of 3,146 patients included in the study, 411 (13.1%) patients (median age[IQR]: 27[12-45]) were infected with the intestinal parasites. Patients of different age groups, such as 20-30 years (16.1%), 10-20 years (14.1%), and 30-40 years (13.3%) were mostly infected. Infection was more common in females (221/1572, 14.1%) than males (190/1574, 12.1%). There were 373 (90.8%) cases of IPIs due to Entamoeba histolytica, 34 (8.3%) cases due to Giardia lamblia, and 4 (0.9%) cases due to helminths. The prevalence of IPI in the first and second years was 14.5% (260/1794) and 11.2% (151/1352), respectively. IPIs were more common in summer (n=87, 12.8%) and spring(n=81, 10.8%). Conclusions: Present study showed a declined prevalence of helminth infection. However, a higher rate of protozoan infection indicated the water source contamination with fecal matters and therefore urgencies for awareness among the public about hygienic practices. Keywords: Hospital visiting patients; intestinal parasitic infections; Nepal
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nepal Health Research Council
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Significance of Hematological Biomarkers in Association to Syphilitic Patients

    Arun Bahadur Chand / Ajaya Basnet / Lok Bahadur Shrestha / Bindu Sen / Anamika Priyadarshinee / Isha Amatya / Bijendra Raj Rajbanshi

    Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, Vol 20, Iss

    2022  Volume 02

    Abstract: Background: Venereal syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease, involving pathological activities mediating tissue destruction by extensive tissue necrosis. As such, the goal amongst researchers has been set to the identification of effective laboratory ...

    Abstract Background: Venereal syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease, involving pathological activities mediating tissue destruction by extensive tissue necrosis. As such, the goal amongst researchers has been set to the identification of effective laboratory biomarkers that can reflect the broad spectrum of disease and ultimately aid in timely diagnosis and effective treatment of syphilis. This research aimed to study the applications of hematological biomarkers associated with syphilitic patients visiting a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the syphilitic patients attending KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. A total of 25 syphilitic patients and 41 non-syphilitic participants were included. The rapid plasma reagin test and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay were used for the screening and confirmation of syphilis respectively. The hematological investigation was performed using a hematology analyzer. Statistical Package for Social Science version 17.0 was used for data analysis. A P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Syphilitic patients showed significantly elevated levels of lymphocytes (39.8±11.5) (p=0.025), monocyte (1.9±0.8) (p=0.002), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (92.6±12.9) (p=0.005), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (31.9±4.6) (p=0.008) and lowered levels of red blood cell (RBC) (4.2±0.3) (p=0.005) and platelets (237.2±628.6) (p=0.048) as compared to the lymphocytes (32.9±11.9), monocyte (0.6±1.2), MCV (83.9±8.8), MCH (34.3±1.5), RBC (4.6±0.7), and platelets (280.9±113.3) of the non-syphilitic participants. Conclusions: The results showed that the elevated levels of lymphocyte, monocyte, MCV, and MCH and lowered levels of RBC and platelets are highly specific hematological biomarkers for the diagnosis of patients with syphilis. Keywords: Hematological biomarkers; sexually transmitted disease; syphilis
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nepal Health Research Council
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in Opportunistic Pathogens Isolated from Immunocompromised Patients

    Ajaya Basnet / Arun Bahadur Chand / Nayanum Pokhrel / Sadikchya Acharya / Parbati Gurung / Laxmi Kant Khanal / Kundu Shrestha / Lok Bahadur Shrestha / Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi

    Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, Vol 20, Iss

    2023  Volume 3

    Abstract: ...

    Abstract .
    Keywords Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nepal Health Research Council
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Nepal

    Lok Bahadur Shrestha / Gopiram Syangtan / Ajaya Basnet / Krishna Prasad Acharya / Arun Bahadur Chand / Khilasa Pokhrel

    Journal of Nepal Medical Association, Vol 59, Iss

    2021  Volume 237

    Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is both a frequent commensal and a leading cause of endocarditis, bacteremia, osteomyelitis and skin and soft tissue infections and device-related infections. We performed this minireview to summarize the prevalence of ... ...

    Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is both a frequent commensal and a leading cause of endocarditis, bacteremia, osteomyelitis and skin and soft tissue infections and device-related infections. We performed this minireview to summarize the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among clinical samples and estimate the proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among clinical isolates in Nepal is 34.5%. On average, the proportion of multi-drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is 57.1%. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus accounts for a total of 41.7%. Inducible clindamycin resistance was detected in about 35% of the isolates. A regular antimicrobial resistance surveillance mechanism is necessary to mitigate the development of resistance among organisms and further spread of superbugs like methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus.
    Keywords clindamycin ; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; multi-drug resistance ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nepal Medical Association
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Vitamin D Deficiency among Patients Visiting Outpatient Departments in a Tertiary Care Centre

    Arun Bahadur Chand / Samir Singh / Lok Raj Bhatt / Bindu Sen / Yadav Prasad Joshi / Pramod Joshi / Lok Bahadur Shrestha / Sailendra Kumar Duwal Shrestha / Ajaya Basnet

    Journal of Nepal Medical Association, Vol 60, Iss

    A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

    2022  Volume 248

    Abstract: Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health issue affecting billions of people. Its deficiency results in abnormal homeostasis of calcium and phosphorous levels in an individual and results in reduced bone mineral density, which further makes ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health issue affecting billions of people. Its deficiency results in abnormal homeostasis of calcium and phosphorous levels in an individual and results in reduced bone mineral density, which further makes them more prone to develop osteogenic disorders, such as fractures. The aim of this study is to find out the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among patients visiting the outpatient departments in a tertiary care centre. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done among 582 patients visiting outpatient departments in a tertiary care centre between January 1, 2019 and July 31, 2020. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 076/077/17) of a tertiary care centre. A convenience sampling method was used. Patients’ demographic detail and serum vitamin D level were determined. Data were collected retrospectively from hospital records and analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 17.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency, the proportion for binary data, and mean with standard deviation for continuous data. Results: Among 582 patients enrolled in this study, 328 (56.35%) (52.32-60.38 at 95% Confidence Interval) patients were vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 238 (72.56%) females and 257 (78.35%) aged 16 to 59 years. Finally, there were 102 (31.09%) cases of vitamin D deficiency over the winter season. Conclusions: The prevalence of serum vitamin D deficiency in the current study was lower when compared to similar studies done in similar settings and similar to the prevalence from international literature.
    Keywords deficient ; prevalence ; vitamin D ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nepal Medical Association
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Co-infection of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli among COVID-19 Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Centre

    Ajaya Basnet / Arun Bahadur Chand / Lok Bahadur Shrestha / Nayanum Pokhrel / Lochan Karki / Sailendra Kumar Duwal Shrestha / Basanta Tamang / Mahendra Raj Shrestha / Maina Dulal / Junu Richhinbung Rai

    Journal of Nepal Medical Association, Vol 60, Iss

    A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

    2022  Volume 247

    Abstract: Introduction: Simultaneous infection of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens in patients with COVID-19 has necessitated the revision of the prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the grounds of evidence-based studies and antimicrobial stewardship ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Simultaneous infection of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens in patients with COVID-19 has necessitated the revision of the prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the grounds of evidence-based studies and antimicrobial stewardship principles. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli co-infection among hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients of a tertiary care centre. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in urinary tract infection suspected COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital, from 25th June to 24th December 2021 after ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee with registration number 207707860. Convenience sampling was used. Serum procalcitonin levels were also measured. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 17.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data, and mean and standard deviation for continuous data. Results: Among the 49 hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients, 3 (6.12%) (0.59-12.83 at 95% Confidence Interval) were co-infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Absolute non-susceptibility of Escherichia coli to antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, and ampicillin was observed. All isolates were multidrug-resistant. All co-infected patients were female and had a median age of 35 years. Mean±SD value for procalcitonin in patients with co-infection (6.13±7.88 ng/ml) was six times higher than for the patients without co-infection (0.95±1.11 ng/ml). Conclusions: Escherichia coli co-infection in hospitalised COVID-19 patients was less frequent as compared to published literature. The serum procalcitonin value in patients with co-infection was substantially higher than that of patients without co-infection.
    Keywords antimicrobial drug resistance ; co-infection ; COVID-19 ; Escherichia coli ; procalcitonin ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nepal Medical Association
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Co-infection of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli among COVID-19 Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Centre

    Ajaya Basnet / Arun Bahadur Chand / Lok Bahadur Shrestha / Nayanum Pokhrel / Lochan Karki / Sailendra Kumar Duwal Shrestha / Basanta Tamang / Mahendra Raj Shrestha / Maina Dulal / Junu Richhinbung Rai

    Journal of Nepal Medical Association, Vol 60, Iss

    A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

    2022  Volume 247

    Abstract: Introduction: Simultaneous infection of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens in patients with COVID-19 has necessitated the revision of the prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the grounds of evidence-based studies and antimicrobial stewardship ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Simultaneous infection of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens in patients with COVID-19 has necessitated the revision of the prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the grounds of evidence-based studies and antimicrobial stewardship principles. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli co-infection among hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients of a tertiary care centre. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in urinary tract infection suspected COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital, from 25th June to 24th December 2021 after ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee with registration number 207707860. Convenience sampling was used. Serum procalcitonin levels were also measured. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 17.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data, and mean and standard deviation for continuous data. Results: Among the 49 hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients, 3 (6.12%) (0.59-12.83 at 95% Confidence Interval) were co-infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Absolute non-susceptibility of Escherichia coli to antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, and ampicillin was observed. All isolates were multidrug-resistant. All co-infected patients were female and had a median age of 35 years. Mean±SD value for procalcitonin in patients with co-infection (6.13±7.88 ng/ml) was six times higher than for the patients without co-infection (0.95±1.11 ng/ml). Conclusions: Escherichia coli co-infection in hospitalised COVID-19 patients was less frequent as compared to published literature. The serum procalcitonin value in patients with co-infection was substantially higher than that of patients without co-infection.
    Keywords antimicrobial drug resistance ; co-infection ; COVID-19 ; Escherichia coli ; procalcitonin ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nepal Medical Association
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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