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  1. Article ; Online: SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 is enriched in eyelid specimens of rosacea.

    Chebolu, Apoorv / Ramos, Ramon Bossardi / Arunachalam, Thilaka / Adam, Alejandro Pablo / Wladis, Edward J

    Skin health and disease

    2022  Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) e190

    Abstract: Background: Rosacea is a cutaneous disease that may secondarily affect the ocular surface. Due to the vision threatening, cosmetic, psychological, and work productivity impact, the identification of cellular targets that govern rosacea would enhance our ...

    Abstract Background: Rosacea is a cutaneous disease that may secondarily affect the ocular surface. Due to the vision threatening, cosmetic, psychological, and work productivity impact, the identification of cellular targets that govern rosacea would enhance our understanding of the biology of the disease and delineate targets for therapeutic manipulation.
    Objective: To characterize the involvement of SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) in the pathogenesis of rosacea.
    Methods: Specimens from elective ectropion surgery (
    Results: On WB, SHP2 was expressed in higher concentrations in rosacea specimens (
    Conclusions: SHP2 is enriched in cutaneous specimens of rosacea, suggesting a critical role for this protein in the disease and indicating a modifiable therapeutic moiety.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2690-442X
    ISSN (online) 2690-442X
    DOI 10.1002/ski2.190
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  2. Article ; Online: Race and Gender in Ophthalmology: A National Analysis of Medical Students with Intention to Pursue the Field.

    Chhoa, John / Jawiche, John / Uppal, Priya A / Arunachalam, Thilaka / Nguyen, Mytien / Eggan, Branden / Mason, Hyacinth / Busingye, Jacqueline

    Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017)

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) e24–e35

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Purpose
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2897840-7
    ISSN 2475-4757 ; 2475-4757
    ISSN (online) 2475-4757
    ISSN 2475-4757
    DOI 10.1055/s-0043-1760834
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Myeloid differentiation factor 88 expression in eyelid specimens of rosacea.

    Wladis, Edward J / Arunachalam, Thilaka / LaJoie, Juliann E / Lau, Kevin W / Adam, Alejandro P

    Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

    2021  Volume 41, Issue 3, Page(s) 329–334

    Abstract: Purpose: Rosacea is a common cause of ocular surface disease. Specific immunologic features have been implicated in its pathogenesis, including toll-like receptors, mitogen-associated kinase, and nuclear factor kappa-B. Myeolid differentiation factor 88 ...

    Abstract Purpose: Rosacea is a common cause of ocular surface disease. Specific immunologic features have been implicated in its pathogenesis, including toll-like receptors, mitogen-associated kinase, and nuclear factor kappa-B. Myeolid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) has been associated with these elements, suggesting a role for this protein in rosacea. This study was designed to compare the expression of MYD88 in the eyelids of patients with and without this disease.
    Methods: Western blotting for MYD88 was performed in 14 control patients and 15 patients with rosacea. Bands were quantified and normalized to actin. Immunohistochemical staining for MYD88 was performed in a different cohort of 12 patients with rosacea and 12 controls, and positively-staining cells were counted across five consecutive 40x fields. Statistical analyses compared the differences between the two groups via a dedicated software package.
    Results: On western blotting, the mean ratios of MYD88 to actin were 13.8 (standard deviation = 14.1) and 44.3 (standard deviation = 39.6) in control and rosacea patients, respectively (
    Conclusions: MYD88 is enriched in eyelid specimens of rosacea. This finding further implicates the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of rosacea, and is consistent with previous reports regarding the role of this protein in ocular surface disease and the previously-implicated cellular features of the disease. Inhibition of MYD88 may be a successful treatment strategy to manage rosacea.
    MeSH term(s) Actins/metabolism ; Eyelids/pathology ; Humans ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Rosacea/pathology
    Chemical Substances Actins ; MYD88 protein, human ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 ; NF-kappa B
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603157-2
    ISSN 1744-5108 ; 0167-6830
    ISSN (online) 1744-5108
    ISSN 0167-6830
    DOI 10.1080/01676830.2021.1905668
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  4. Article: Race and Gender in Ophthalmology: A National Analysis of Medical Students with Intention to Pursue the Field

    Chhoa, John / Jawiche, John / Uppal, Priya A. / Arunachalam, Thilaka / Nguyen, Mytien / Eggan, Branden / Mason, Hyacinth / Busingye, Jacqueline

    Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 01, Page(s) e24–e35

    Abstract: Purpose: The field of ophthalmology must become more reflective of the increasingly diverse U.S. population. This study characterizes students intending to pursue ophthalmology and practice in an underserved area versus other surgical and nonsurgical ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The field of ophthalmology must become more reflective of the increasingly diverse U.S. population. This study characterizes students intending to pursue ophthalmology and practice in an underserved area versus other surgical and nonsurgical fields.
    Subjects: Deidentified responses from 92,080 U.S. MD students who matriculated in the academic years beginning from 2007 to 2011 were obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Graduation Questionnaires.
    Methods: Study participants were those who fully completed the AAMC Graduation Questionnaire. Chi-squared and multivariate logistical regressions were used for analyses.
    Results: Ophthalmology intending graduates (OIG; n  = 1,177) compared with other surgical intending graduates ( n  = 7,955) were more likely to be female (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–1.66), Asian (1.71 [1.46–2.01]), and have conducted a research project with a faculty member (1.58 [1.26–1.98]). OIG compared with nonsurgery intending graduates ( n  = 35,865) were more likely to have completed a research project with a faculty member (4.78 [3.86–5.92]), to be Asian (1.4 [1.21–1.62]), and have received scholarships (1.18 [1.04–1.34]). OIG were less likely to be female (0.64 [0.57–0.73]) and Black/African American (0.5 [0.33–0.74]). Among OIG, Black/African American students and multiracial students were more likely than non-Hispanic (NH) White students to report intention to practice in underserved areas (IPUA; 14.29 [1.82–111.88] and 2.5 [1.06–5.92]), respectively. OIG with global health experience were more likely to report IPUA (1.64 [1.2–2.25]).
    Conclusion: Females and underrepresented in medicine (URM), respectively, were more likely to be nonsurgery intending graduates than OIG, which, if not addressed, may lead to a persistent underrepresentation of these groups in the field. In addition, URM students, including African American students, were more likely to report IPUA, which further emphasizes the importance of more URM students entering the field to address these growing gaps in medical care. Finally, we recommend increased mentorship to help address these disparities.
    Keywords diversity ; underrepresented minorities ; medically underserved areas
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01
    Publisher Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2897840-7
    ISSN 2475-4757 ; 2475-4757
    ISSN (online) 2475-4757
    ISSN 2475-4757
    DOI 10.1055/s-0043-1760834
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  5. Article ; Online: Lack of active SARS-CoV-2 virus in a subset of PCR-positive COVID-19 congregate care patients.

    Singh, Amit K / Stellrecht, Kathleen A / Arunachalam, Thilaka / Barman, Tarani K / Robek, Michael D / Waxman, Michael J / Elmendorf, Sarah L / Metzger, Dennis W

    Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology

    2021  Volume 141, Page(s) 104879

    Abstract: Highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) designed to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA are the standard of care for the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, the accuracy of these methods for the quantitation of active virus rather than non-infectious RNA ...

    Abstract Highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) designed to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA are the standard of care for the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, the accuracy of these methods for the quantitation of active virus rather than non-infectious RNA fragments that can persist for extended periods of time has been unclear. This issue is particularly relevant for congregate care patients who are unable to return to their home residence until fully negative by NAATs. We tested paired samples from individual patients for the presence of virus at both early and later stages of disease. Culture of nasopharyngeal swab samples for 10 days in Vero E6 cells revealed active virus in only 4 out of 14 (28.6%) patients. The ability to isolate viral plaque-forming units (PFU) correlated with viral RNA loads of >6.79 log genomic copies/ml and only occurred in samples collected from patients early after symptom onset and before development of antibody. Culture in Vero E6 cells lacking the STAT1-dependent interferon signaling pathway increased the numbers of viral PFU detected but did not affect the incidence of positive cultures. We conclude that culturable virus is correlated with SARS-CoV-2 NAATs detection only during early symptom onset and with high viral titers/low antibody titers in non-immunosuppressed patients.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19 ; Humans ; Nasopharynx ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1446080-4
    ISSN 1873-5967 ; 1386-6532
    ISSN (online) 1873-5967
    ISSN 1386-6532
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104879
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    Zs.A 3790: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Phase 2 Trial Evaluating Minocycline for Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

    Keenan, Tiarnan D L / Bailey, Clare / Abraham, Maria / Orndahl, Christine / Menezes, Supriya / Bellur, Sunil / Arunachalam, Thilaka / Kangale-Whitney, Cathy / Srinivas, Sowmya / Karamat, Ayesha / Nittala, Muneeswar / Cunningham, Denise / Jeffrey, Brett G / Wiley, Henry E / Thavikulwat, Alisa T / Sadda, SriniVas / Cukras, Catherine A / Chew, Emily Y / Wong, Wai T

    JAMA ophthalmology

    2024  Volume 142, Issue 4, Page(s) 345–355

    Abstract: Importance: Existing therapies to slow geographic atrophy (GA) enlargement in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have relatively modest anatomic efficacy, require intravitreal administration, and increase the risk of neovascular AMD. Additional ... ...

    Abstract Importance: Existing therapies to slow geographic atrophy (GA) enlargement in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have relatively modest anatomic efficacy, require intravitreal administration, and increase the risk of neovascular AMD. Additional therapeutic approaches are desirable.
    Objective: To evaluate the safety and possible anatomic efficacy of oral minocycline, a microglial inhibitor, for the treatment of GA in AMD.
    Design, setting, and participants: This was a phase 2, prospective, single-arm, 45-month, nonrandomized controlled trial conducted from December 2016 to April 2023. Patients with GA from AMD in 1 or both eyes were recruited from the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, Maryland) and Bristol Eye Hospital (Bristol, UK). Study data were analyzed from September 2022 to May 2023.
    Intervention: After a 9-month run-in phase, participants began oral minocycline, 100 mg, twice daily for 3 years.
    Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome measure was the difference in rate of change of square root GA area on fundus autofluorescence between the 24-month treatment phase and 9-month run-in phase.
    Results: Of the 37 participants enrolled (mean [SD] age, 74.3 [7.6] years; 21 female [57%]), 36 initiated the treatment phase. Of these participants, 21 (58%) completed at least 33 months, whereas 15 discontinued treatment (8 by request, 6 for adverse events/illness, and 1 death). Mean (SE) square root GA enlargement rate in study eyes was 0.31 (0.03) mm per year during the run-in phase and 0.28 (0.02) mm per year during the treatment phase. The primary outcome measure of mean (SE) difference in enlargement rates between the 2 phases was -0.03 (0.03) mm per year (P = .39). Similarly, secondary outcome measures of GA enlargement rate showed no differences between the 2 phases. The secondary outcome measures of mean difference in rate of change between 2 phases were 0.2 letter score per month (95% CI, -0.4 to 0.9; P = .44) for visual acuity and 0.7 μm per month (-0.4 to 1.8; P = .20) for subfoveal retinal thickness. Of the 129 treatment-emergent adverse events among 32 participants, 49 (38%) were related to minocycline (with no severe or ocular events), including elevated thyrotropin level (15 participants) and skin hyperpigmentation/discoloration (8 participants).
    Conclusions and relevance: In this phase 2 nonrandomized controlled trial, oral minocycline was not associated with a decrease in GA enlargement over 24 months, compared with the run-in phase. This observation was consistent across primary and secondary outcome measures. Oral minocycline at this dose is likely not associated with slower rate of enlargement of GA in AMD.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Geographic Atrophy/drug therapy ; Minocycline/therapeutic use ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Visual Acuity ; Wet Macular Degeneration/drug therapy ; Fluorescein Angiography
    Chemical Substances Minocycline (FYY3R43WGO) ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Controlled Clinical Trial ; Clinical Trial, Phase II ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2701705-9
    ISSN 2168-6173 ; 2168-6165
    ISSN (online) 2168-6173
    ISSN 2168-6165
    DOI 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.0118
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  7. Article ; Online: Radiation-Induced Macrophage Senescence Impairs Resolution Programs and Drives Cardiovascular Inflammation.

    Sadhu, Sudeshna / Decker, Christa / Sansbury, Brian E / Marinello, Michael / Seyfried, Allison / Howard, Jennifer / Mori, Masayuki / Hosseini, Zeinab / Arunachalam, Thilaka / Finn, Aloke V / Lamar, John M / Jourd'heuil, David / Guo, Liang / MacNamara, Katherine C / Spite, Matthew / Fredman, Gabrielle

    Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

    2021  Volume 207, Issue 7, Page(s) 1812–1823

    Abstract: Radiation is associated with tissue damage and increased risk of atherosclerosis, but there are currently no treatments and a very limited mechanistic understanding of how radiation impacts tissue repair mechanisms. We uncovered that radiation ... ...

    Abstract Radiation is associated with tissue damage and increased risk of atherosclerosis, but there are currently no treatments and a very limited mechanistic understanding of how radiation impacts tissue repair mechanisms. We uncovered that radiation significantly delayed temporal resolution programs that were associated with decreased efferocytosis in vivo. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), a known proresolving ligand, promoted swift resolution and restored efferocytosis in sublethally irradiated mice. Irradiated macrophages exhibited several features of senescence, including increased expression of p16
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Atherosclerosis/genetics ; Atherosclerosis/immunology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cellular Senescence ; Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism ; Docosahexaenoic Acids/metabolism ; Genes, p16 ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Macrophages/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Radiation ; Radiation Injuries/immunology ; Wound Healing/radiation effects
    Chemical Substances resolvin D1 ; Docosahexaenoic Acids (25167-62-8) ; Ptgs2 protein, mouse (EC 1.14.99.-) ; Cyclooxygenase 2 (EC 1.14.99.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3056-9
    ISSN 1550-6606 ; 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
    ISSN (online) 1550-6606
    ISSN 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
    DOI 10.4049/jimmunol.2100284
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