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  1. Article: Mechanisms of action and biocontrol potential of Trichoderma against fungal plant diseases - A review

    Asad, Saeed Ahmad

    Ecological complexity. 2022 Mar., v. 49

    2022  

    Abstract: Plant diseases are among the major causes of the low productivity of crops, causing yield losses of up to 30%, heralding an enormous threat to global food security. Indiscriminate use of chemical-based fungicides for controlling fungal diseases has ... ...

    Abstract Plant diseases are among the major causes of the low productivity of crops, causing yield losses of up to 30%, heralding an enormous threat to global food security. Indiscriminate use of chemical-based fungicides for controlling fungal diseases has raised severe concerns about ecosystem health. Moreover, pathogens have become insensitive against these chemicals necessitating excessive use of chemicals for adequate control. The resulting accumulation of these chemicals in the food chain has provoked numerous health complications. For combating the adversaries of chemical-based fungicides, biological control of fungal pathogens is proposed as an eco-friendly alternative. Among various biological controls, Trichoderma-based biological control agents (BCAs) are widely used in agriculture for controlling soil-borne pathogens. These BCAs are commercialized and known as; stimulators of resistance in plants, growth enhancers, bio-fertilizers, and bio-pesticides. Biological management of plant pathogens has yielded valuable results in the sustainability of ecosystems and compelling improvements in the quality and quantity of agricultural produce. These BCAs exhibit potential against pathogens, remarkably improve photosynthesis, plant growth, and nutrient use efficiency for impressive crop yields. Despite these peculiarities, Trichoderma's mechanisms against pathogens and their growth promotional effects are not thoroughly investigated, hence formulating the prime objective of the current review. Along with these, Trichoderma-based fungicides marketed in different geographical locations are encompassed in this review. Finally, the knowledge gaps and future research directions for improving the efficacy of Trichoderma-based BCAs are discussed.
    Keywords Trichoderma ; agricultural products ; biofertilizers ; biological control ; environmental health ; food chain ; food security ; fungi ; nutrient use efficiency ; photosynthesis ; plant growth
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-03
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2160288-8
    ISSN 1476-945X
    ISSN 1476-945X
    DOI 10.1016/j.ecocom.2021.100978
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Unraveling the impact of human perturbation on nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems of lower Himalaya, Pakistan.

    Zaman, Tahir / Asad, Saeed Ahmad / Irshad, Muhammad / Faridullah / Shahzad, Muhammad / Nazir, Rashid / Arefeen, Awais / Iqbal, Akhtar / Hafeez, Farhan

    Environmental monitoring and assessment

    2023  Volume 195, Issue 11, Page(s) 1324

    Abstract: Terrestrial ecosystems are under the enormous pressure of land use management regimes through human disturbances, resulting in the disruption of biogeochemical cycles and associated ecosystem services. Nitrogen (N) in soil ecosystems is of vital ... ...

    Abstract Terrestrial ecosystems are under the enormous pressure of land use management regimes through human disturbances, resulting in the disruption of biogeochemical cycles and associated ecosystem services. Nitrogen (N) in soil ecosystems is of vital importance for primary productivity, hence estimating the extent of these human interventions on N-cycling processes becomes imperative from economic and environmental perspectives. This work investigated the impacts of variable anthropogenic activities on N cycling in three different terrestrial ecosystems (arable, grassland, and forest) in three regions of lower Himalaya, Pakistan. Potential nitrification (PNA) and denitrification (DEA) enzyme activities, relative distribution of inorganic N species (NH
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Ecosystem ; Denitrification ; Pakistan ; Environmental Monitoring ; Nitrification ; Soil ; Nitrogen ; Nitrous Oxide/analysis ; Soil Microbiology
    Chemical Substances Soil ; Nitrogen (N762921K75) ; Nitrous Oxide (K50XQU1029)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-16
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 782621-7
    ISSN 1573-2959 ; 0167-6369
    ISSN (online) 1573-2959
    ISSN 0167-6369
    DOI 10.1007/s10661-023-11964-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Salinity mitigates cadmium-induced phytotoxicity in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) by limiting the Cd uptake and improved responses to oxidative stress: implications for phytoremediation

    Abdal, Noman / Abbas, Ghulam / Asad, Saeed Ahmad / Ghfar, Ayman A. / Shah, Ghulam Mustafa / Rizwan, Muhammad / Ali, Shafaqat / Shahbaz, Muhammad

    Environ Geochem Health. 2023 Jan., v. 45, no. 1 p.171-185

    2023  

    Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) contamination and soil salinity are the main environmental issues reducing crop productivity. This study aimed to examine the combined effects of salinity (NaCl) and Cd on the physiological and biochemical attributes of quinoa (Chenopodium ... ...

    Abstract Cadmium (Cd) contamination and soil salinity are the main environmental issues reducing crop productivity. This study aimed to examine the combined effects of salinity (NaCl) and Cd on the physiological and biochemical attributes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). For this purpose, 30-day-old plants of quinoa genotype “Puno” were transplanted in Hoagland's nutrient solution containing diverse concentrations of Cd: 0, 50, 100, 200 µM Cd, and salinity: 0, 150, and 300 mM NaCl. Results demonstrated that plant growth, stomatal conductance, and pigment contents were significantly lower at all Cd concentrations than the control plants. Quinoa plants exhibited improved growth and tolerance against Cd when grown at a lower level of salinity (150 mM NaCl) combined with Cd. In contrast, the elevated concentration of salinity (300 mM NaCl) combined with Cd reduced shoot and root growth of experimental plants more than 50%. Combined application of salinity and Cd increased Na (25-fold), while lessened the Cd (twofold) and K (1.5-fold) uptake. A blend of high concentrations of Na and Cd caused overproduction of H₂O₂ (eightfold higher than control) contents and triggered lipid peroxidation. The activities of antioxidant enzymes: ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were 13, 12, 7 and ninefold higher than control to mitigate the oxidative stress. Due to restricted root to shoot translocation, and greater tolerance potential against Cd, the quinoa genotype, Puno, is suitable for phytostabilization of Cd in saline soils.
    Keywords Chenopodium quinoa ; antioxidants ; ascorbate peroxidase ; cadmium ; catalase ; genotype ; lipid peroxidation ; nutrient solutions ; oxidative stress ; peroxidase ; phytoremediation ; phytotoxicity ; root growth ; salinity ; soil salinity ; stomatal conductance ; superoxide dismutase
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-01
    Size p. 171-185.
    Publishing place Springer Netherlands
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 52039-1
    ISSN 1573-2983 ; 0142-7245 ; 0269-4042
    ISSN (online) 1573-2983
    ISSN 0142-7245 ; 0269-4042
    DOI 10.1007/s10653-021-01082-y
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  4. Article: Effects of arsenite on physiological, biochemical and grain yield attributes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): implications for phytoremediation and health risk assessment

    Shabbir, Arslan / Abbas, Ghulam / Asad, Saeed Ahmad / Razzaq, Hina / Anwar-ul-Haq, Muhammad / Amjad, Muhammad

    International journal of phytoremediation. 2021 July 29, v. 23, no. 9

    2021  

    Abstract: The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of arsenic (As) on physiological and biochemical attributes of quinoa, and human health risks associated with the consumption of As contaminated grains of quinoa. Quinoa genotype, Puno was ... ...

    Abstract The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of arsenic (As) on physiological and biochemical attributes of quinoa, and human health risks associated with the consumption of As contaminated grains of quinoa. Quinoa genotype, Puno was grown on soil contaminated with various levels of arsenite; 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg As kg⁻¹ soil. Results revealed that plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, stomatal conductance, and grain yield of As treated plants were significantly less as compared to control plants. Plants exposed to elevated levels of 30 and 40 mg As kg⁻¹ of soil could not survive until maturity. Plant roots retained higher concentration of As than shoot indicating As phytostabilizing behavior of quinoa. Arsenic toxicity caused oxidative stress in quinoa plants, which elevated the H₂O₂ and TBARS contents and decreased membrane stability. This oxidative stress was partly mitigated by the induction of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD, APX). Perhaps, our results regarding As availability might be an overestimate of the typical natural conditions, As accumulation in quinoa grains posed both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks to humans. It was concluded that quinoa is sensitive to As and the consumption of quinoa grains from plants grown on As concentration ≥20 mg kg⁻¹ of soil was not safe for humans. Novelty statement: The tolerance potential of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) against the trivalent form of arsenic (arsenite), and the health risks due to the consumption of arsenic-contaminated grains has not been explored yet. This is the first study in which we have explored the effects of arsenite on physiological, biochemical and phytoremedial attributes of quinoa. Moreover, human health risks associated with the consumption of As contaminated grains of quinoa has have been investigated. The findings of the present study would be helpful for farmers who intend to grow quinoa on arsenic-contaminated soils.
    Keywords Chenopodium quinoa ; arsenic ; arsenites ; carcinogenicity ; genotype ; grain yield ; health effects assessments ; human health ; oxidative stress ; photosynthesis ; phytoremediation ; plant growth ; stomatal conductance
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0729
    Size p. 890-898.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2055357-2
    ISSN 1549-7879 ; 1522-6514
    ISSN (online) 1549-7879
    ISSN 1522-6514
    DOI 10.1080/15226514.2020.1865266
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  5. Article: Differential Effect of Heat Stress on Drought and Salt Tolerance Potential of Quinoa Genotypes: A Physiological and Biochemical Investigation.

    Abbas, Ghulam / Areej, Fiza / Asad, Saeed Ahmad / Saqib, Muhammad / Anwar-Ul-Haq, Muhammad / Afzal, Saira / Murtaza, Behzad / Amjad, Muhammad / Naeem, Muhammad Asif / Akram, Muhammad / Akhtar, Naseem / Aftab, Muhammad / Siddique, Kadambot H M

    Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 4

    Abstract: Soil salinity, drought, and increasing temperatures are serious environmental issues that drastically reduce crop productivity worldwide. Quinoa ( ...

    Abstract Soil salinity, drought, and increasing temperatures are serious environmental issues that drastically reduce crop productivity worldwide. Quinoa (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2704341-1
    ISSN 2223-7747
    ISSN 2223-7747
    DOI 10.3390/plants12040774
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Integrated phytobial heavy metal remediation strategies for a sustainable clean environment - A review

    Asad, Saeed Ahmad / Aftab Afzal / Helen West / Muhammad Farooq

    Chemosphere. 2019 Feb., v. 217

    2019  

    Abstract: Heavy metal contamination in the environment is a global threat which accelerated after the industrial revolution. Remediation of these noxious elements has been widely investigated and multifarious technologies have been practiced for many decades. ... ...

    Abstract Heavy metal contamination in the environment is a global threat which accelerated after the industrial revolution. Remediation of these noxious elements has been widely investigated and multifarious technologies have been practiced for many decades. Phytoremediation has attracted much attention from researchers. Under this technology, heavy metal hyperaccumulator plants have been extensively employed to extract extraordinary concentrations of heavy metals but slow growth, limited biomass and stresses caused by heavy metals imperil the efficiency of hyperaccumulators. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can help overcome/lessen heavy metal-induced adversities. PGPR produce several metabolites, including growth hormones, siderophores and organic acids, which aid in solubilization and provision of essential nutrients (e.g. Fe and Mg) to the plant. Hyperaccumulator plants may be employed to remediate metal contaminated sites. Use of PGPR to enhance growth of hyperaccumulator plant species may enhance their metal accumulating capacity by increasing metal availability and also by alleviating plant stress induced by the heavy metals. Combined use of hyperaccumulator plants and PGPR may prove to be a cost effective and environmentally friendly technology to clean heavy metal contaminated sites on a sustainable basis. This review discusses the current status of PGPR in improving the growth and development of hyperaccumulator plants growing in metal contaminated environments. The mechanisms used by these rhizosphere bacteria in increasing the availability of heavy metals to plants and coping with heavy metal stresses are also described.
    Keywords biomass ; cost effectiveness ; growth and development ; heavy metals ; hyperaccumulators ; iron ; magnesium ; metabolites ; nutrients ; organic acids and salts ; phytoremediation ; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria ; plant stress ; rhizosphere bacteria ; siderophores ; solubilization ; somatotropin ; sustainable technology
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-02
    Size p. 925-941.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 120089-6
    ISSN 1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    ISSN (online) 1879-1298
    ISSN 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.021
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  7. Article ; Online: Integrated phytobial heavy metal remediation strategies for a sustainable clean environment - A review.

    Asad, Saeed Ahmad / Farooq, Muhammad / Afzal, Aftab / West, Helen

    Chemosphere

    2018  Volume 217, Page(s) 925–941

    Abstract: Heavy metal contamination in the environment is a global threat which accelerated after the industrial revolution. Remediation of these noxious elements has been widely investigated and multifarious technologies have been practiced for many decades. ... ...

    Abstract Heavy metal contamination in the environment is a global threat which accelerated after the industrial revolution. Remediation of these noxious elements has been widely investigated and multifarious technologies have been practiced for many decades. Phytoremediation has attracted much attention from researchers. Under this technology, heavy metal hyperaccumulator plants have been extensively employed to extract extraordinary concentrations of heavy metals but slow growth, limited biomass and stresses caused by heavy metals imperil the efficiency of hyperaccumulators. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can help overcome/lessen heavy metal-induced adversities. PGPR produce several metabolites, including growth hormones, siderophores and organic acids, which aid in solubilization and provision of essential nutrients (e.g. Fe and Mg) to the plant. Hyperaccumulator plants may be employed to remediate metal contaminated sites. Use of PGPR to enhance growth of hyperaccumulator plant species may enhance their metal accumulating capacity by increasing metal availability and also by alleviating plant stress induced by the heavy metals. Combined use of hyperaccumulator plants and PGPR may prove to be a cost effective and environmentally friendly technology to clean heavy metal contaminated sites on a sustainable basis. This review discusses the current status of PGPR in improving the growth and development of hyperaccumulator plants growing in metal contaminated environments. The mechanisms used by these rhizosphere bacteria in increasing the availability of heavy metals to plants and coping with heavy metal stresses are also described.
    MeSH term(s) Biodegradation, Environmental ; Environmental Pollution/analysis ; Metals, Heavy/chemistry ; Plants/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Metals, Heavy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 120089-6
    ISSN 1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    ISSN (online) 1879-1298
    ISSN 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
    DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.021
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  8. Article ; Online: Salinity mitigates cadmium-induced phytotoxicity in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) by limiting the Cd uptake and improved responses to oxidative stress: implications for phytoremediation.

    Abdal, Noman / Abbas, Ghulam / Asad, Saeed Ahmad / Ghfar, Ayman A / Shah, Ghulam Mustafa / Rizwan, Muhammad / Ali, Shafaqat / Shahbaz, Muhammad

    Environmental geochemistry and health

    2021  Volume 45, Issue 1, Page(s) 171–185

    Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) contamination and soil salinity are the main environmental issues reducing crop productivity. This study aimed to examine the combined effects of salinity (NaCl) and Cd on the physiological and biochemical attributes of quinoa (Chenopodium ... ...

    Abstract Cadmium (Cd) contamination and soil salinity are the main environmental issues reducing crop productivity. This study aimed to examine the combined effects of salinity (NaCl) and Cd on the physiological and biochemical attributes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). For this purpose, 30-day-old plants of quinoa genotype "Puno" were transplanted in Hoagland's nutrient solution containing diverse concentrations of Cd: 0, 50, 100, 200 µM Cd, and salinity: 0, 150, and 300 mM NaCl. Results demonstrated that plant growth, stomatal conductance, and pigment contents were significantly lower at all Cd concentrations than the control plants. Quinoa plants exhibited improved growth and tolerance against Cd when grown at a lower level of salinity (150 mM NaCl) combined with Cd. In contrast, the elevated concentration of salinity (300 mM NaCl) combined with Cd reduced shoot and root growth of experimental plants more than 50%. Combined application of salinity and Cd increased Na (25-fold), while lessened the Cd (twofold) and K (1.5-fold) uptake. A blend of high concentrations of Na and Cd caused overproduction of H
    MeSH term(s) Chenopodium quinoa/genetics ; Cadmium/toxicity ; Cadmium/analysis ; Sodium Chloride/pharmacology ; Salinity ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Oxidative Stress ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Sodium
    Chemical Substances Cadmium (00BH33GNGH) ; Sodium Chloride (451W47IQ8X) ; Hydrogen Peroxide (BBX060AN9V) ; Antioxidants ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-02
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 52039-1
    ISSN 1573-2983 ; 0142-7245 ; 0269-4042
    ISSN (online) 1573-2983
    ISSN 0142-7245 ; 0269-4042
    DOI 10.1007/s10653-021-01082-y
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  9. Article ; Online: Effect of zinc and glucosinolates on nutritional quality of Noccaea caerulescens and infestation by Aleyrodes proletella.

    Asad, Saeed Ahmad / Young, Scott D / West, Helen M

    The Science of the total environment

    2015  Volume 511, Page(s) 21–27

    Abstract: The Zn hyperaccumulating plant, Noccaea caerulescens, was grown under controlled conditions at a range of Zn concentrations (0-1000 mg kg(-1) dwt. soil) to determine the effectiveness of hyperaccumulation in deterring the cabbage whitefly, Aleyrodes ... ...

    Abstract The Zn hyperaccumulating plant, Noccaea caerulescens, was grown under controlled conditions at a range of Zn concentrations (0-1000 mg kg(-1) dwt. soil) to determine the effectiveness of hyperaccumulation in deterring the cabbage whitefly, Aleyrodes proletella, and to establish the relationship between levels of foliar Zn and glucosinolates (organic defence compounds). Two weeks after introducing A. proletella adults to the plants, next generation nymphs were quantified. This sucking insect caused minimal damage to plant tissue and did not affect foliar glucosinolate levels. Foliar Zn concentrations increased with increasing soil Zn application and reached a maximum of ~7000 mg kg(-1). More whitefly nymphs were observed on plants as the foliar Zn concentration increased (up to ~3000 mg kg(-1)) after which numbers declined. Zn was an explanatory variable in accumulated generalised linear regression after the variation in the data due to C/N ratio had been accounted for. Nymph numbers declined with increasing C/N ratio and increased with increasing N concentration. The highest glucosinolate concentrations were in shoots with the lowest Zn concentrations; this is consistent with the 'trade-off' hypothesis which states that elemental defence mechanisms allow for lowered organic defences.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brassicaceae/chemistry ; Brassicaceae/metabolism ; Brassicaceae/physiology ; Glucosinolates/metabolism ; Hemiptera/physiology ; Nutritive Value ; Soil Pollutants/toxicity ; Stress, Physiological ; Zinc/toxicity
    Chemical Substances Glucosinolates ; Soil Pollutants ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-04-01
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.029
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  10. Article ; Online: Effects of arsenite on physiological, biochemical and grain yield attributes of quinoa (

    Shabbir, Arslan / Abbas, Ghulam / Asad, Saeed Ahmad / Razzaq, Hina / Anwar-Ul-Haq, Muhammad / Amjad, Muhammad

    International journal of phytoremediation

    2020  Volume 23, Issue 9, Page(s) 890–898

    Abstract: The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of arsenic (As) on physiological and biochemical attributes of quinoa, and human health risks associated with the consumption of As contaminated grains of quinoa. Quinoa genotype, Puno was ... ...

    Abstract The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of arsenic (As) on physiological and biochemical attributes of quinoa, and human health risks associated with the consumption of As contaminated grains of quinoa. Quinoa genotype, Puno was grown on soil contaminated with various levels of arsenite; 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg As kg
    MeSH term(s) Arsenites/toxicity ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Chenopodium quinoa ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Risk Assessment
    Chemical Substances Arsenites ; Hydrogen Peroxide (BBX060AN9V)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2055357-2
    ISSN 1549-7879 ; 1522-6514
    ISSN (online) 1549-7879
    ISSN 1522-6514
    DOI 10.1080/15226514.2020.1865266
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