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  1. Article ; Online: EBV infection drives MS pathology: Commentary.

    Cortese, Marianna / Ascherio, Alberto

    Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)

    2024  Volume 30, Issue 4-5, Page(s) 487–488

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Multiple Sclerosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1290669-4
    ISSN 1477-0970 ; 1352-4585
    ISSN (online) 1477-0970
    ISSN 1352-4585
    DOI 10.1177/13524585241235837
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  2. Article ; Online: The intricate connection between diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease.

    Bjornevik, Kjetil / Ascherio, Alberto

    European journal of epidemiology

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 6, Page(s) 587–589

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Parkinson Disease/complications ; Parkinson Disease/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-05
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632614-6
    ISSN 1573-7284 ; 0393-2990
    ISSN (online) 1573-7284
    ISSN 0393-2990
    DOI 10.1007/s10654-023-01013-4
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  3. Article ; Online: Early Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: Further Evidence for Missed Opportunity.

    Solomon, Andrew J / Ascherio, Alberto

    Neurology

    2021  Volume 96, Issue 24, Page(s) 1111–1112

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 207147-2
    ISSN 1526-632X ; 0028-3878
    ISSN (online) 1526-632X
    ISSN 0028-3878
    DOI 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012087
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  4. Article ; Online: Multigenerational Association Between Smoking and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Findings from a Nation-Wide Prospective Cohort Study.

    Yim, Gyeyoon / Roberts, Andrea / Lyall, Kristen / Ascherio, Alberto / Weisskopf, Marc G

    American journal of epidemiology

    2024  

    Abstract: Animal studies have shown that exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy can induce neurobehavioral anomalies in multiple subsequent generations. However, little work has examined such effects in humans. We examined the risk of grandchild autism ... ...

    Abstract Animal studies have shown that exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy can induce neurobehavioral anomalies in multiple subsequent generations. However, little work has examined such effects in humans. We examined the risk of grandchild autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in association with grandmother smoking during pregnancy, using data from 53,562 mothers and grandmothers, and 120,267 grandchildren in the Nurses' Health Study II using nurse reporting in 1999 of her mother's smoking. Grandchildren's ASD diagnoses were reported by the mothers in 2005 and 2009. Among grandmothers, 13,383 (25.0%) smoked during pregnancy, and 509 (0.4%) grandchildren were diagnosed with ASD. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of ASD for grandmother smoking during pregnancy was 1.52 (95% confidence limit [CI]: 1.06, 2.20). Results were similar with direct grandmother reporting in 2001 of her smoking during pregnancy from the Nurses' Mothers Cohort Study subgroup (n=22,167 grandmothers, 49,917 grandchildren) and stronger among grandmothers who smoked ≥15 cigarettes per day during pregnancy (aOR=1.93; 95% CI: 1.10, 3.40; n=1,895 grandmothers, 4,212 grandchildren). Results were similar when adjusted for mother's smoking during pregnancy. There was no association with grandfather's smoking as reported by the grandmother. Our results suggest potential persistent impact of gestational exposure to environmental insults across three generations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2937-3
    ISSN 1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
    ISSN (online) 1476-6256
    ISSN 0002-9262
    DOI 10.1093/aje/kwae038
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  5. Article ; Online: Epstein-Barr virus as a leading cause of multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and implications.

    Bjornevik, Kjetil / Münz, Christian / Cohen, Jeffrey I / Ascherio, Alberto

    Nature reviews. Neurology

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) 160–171

    Abstract: Epidemiological studies have provided compelling evidence that multiple sclerosis (MS) is a rare complication of infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a herpesvirus that infects more than 90% of the global population. This link was long suspected ... ...

    Abstract Epidemiological studies have provided compelling evidence that multiple sclerosis (MS) is a rare complication of infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a herpesvirus that infects more than 90% of the global population. This link was long suspected because the risk of MS increases markedly after infectious mononucleosis (symptomatic primary EBV infection) and with high titres of antibodies to specific EBV antigens. However, it was not until 2022 that a longitudinal study demonstrated that MS risk is minimal in individuals who are not infected with EBV and that it increases over 30-fold following EBV infection. Over the past few years, a number of studies have provided clues on the underlying mechanisms, which might help us to develop more targeted treatments for MS. In this Review, we discuss the evidence linking EBV to the development of MS and the mechanisms by which the virus is thought to cause the disease. Furthermore, we discuss implications for the treatment and prevention of MS, including the use of antivirals and vaccines.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications ; Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology ; Multiple Sclerosis/etiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Antibodies, Viral
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 2491514-2
    ISSN 1759-4766 ; 1759-4758
    ISSN (online) 1759-4766
    ISSN 1759-4758
    DOI 10.1038/s41582-023-00775-5
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  6. Article ; Online: Effect of Urate-Elevating Inosine on Progression of Early Parkinson Disease-Reply.

    Macklin, Eric A / Ascherio, Alberto / Schwarzschild, Michael A

    JAMA

    2022  Volume 327, Issue 1, Page(s) 85–86

    MeSH term(s) Disease Progression ; Humans ; Inosine ; Parkinson Disease/drug therapy ; Uric Acid
    Chemical Substances Uric Acid (268B43MJ25) ; Inosine (5A614L51CT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2958-0
    ISSN 1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    ISSN (online) 1538-3598
    ISSN 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
    DOI 10.1001/jama.2021.21011
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  7. Article ; Online: Flavonoid intake and risk of Parkinson's disease.

    Sandoval-Insausti, Helena / Flores-Torres, Mario H / Bjornevik, Kjetil / Cortese, Marianna / Hung, Albert Y / Schwarzschild, Michael / Yeh, Tian-Shin / Ascherio, Alberto

    Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Flavonoids have been proposed to reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, results from epidemiological studies have been inconclusive.: Objective: To prospectively examine the association between the intake of flavonoids and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Flavonoids have been proposed to reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, results from epidemiological studies have been inconclusive.
    Objective: To prospectively examine the association between the intake of flavonoids and their subclasses and the risk of PD and how pesticides may confound or modify that association.
    Methods: The study population comprised 80 701 women (1984-2016) and 48 782 men (1986-2016) from two large US cohorts. Flavonoid intake was ascertained at baseline and every 4 years thereafter using a semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. We conducted multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models to estimate HRs and 95% CIs of PD according to quintiles of baseline and cumulative average intakes of flavonoids and subclasses. We repeated the analyses, adjusting for intakes of high-pesticide-residue fruits and vegetables (FVs) and stratifying by servings/day of high-pesticide-residue FV intake.
    Results: We identified 676 incident PD cases in women and 714 in men after 30-32 years of follow-up. Higher total flavonoid intake at baseline was not associated with a lower PD risk, neither in men (HR comparing highest to lowest quintile: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.14) nor in women (HR comparing highest to lowest quintile: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.64). Similar results were observed for cumulative average intakes and flavonoid subclasses. Results remained similar after adjustment for and stratification by high-pesticide-residue FV and when analyses were restricted to younger PD cases.
    Conclusion: These results do not support a protective effect of flavonoid intake on PD risk. Pesticide residues do not confound or modify the association.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3087-9
    ISSN 1468-330X ; 0022-3050
    ISSN (online) 1468-330X
    ISSN 0022-3050
    DOI 10.1136/jnnp-2023-332672
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  8. Article ; Online: Vaccinations in multiple sclerosis patients receiving disease-modifying drugs.

    Otero-Romero, Susana / Ascherio, Alberto / Lebrun-Frénay, Christine

    Current opinion in neurology

    2021  Volume 34, Issue 3, Page(s) 322–328

    Abstract: Purpose of review: This review focuses on new evidence supporting the global immunization strategy for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients receiving disease-modifying drugs (DMDs), including the recently available vaccines against severe acute respiratory ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: This review focuses on new evidence supporting the global immunization strategy for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients receiving disease-modifying drugs (DMDs), including the recently available vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
    Recent findings: New data strengthen the evidence against a causal link between MS and vaccination. Recent consensus statements agree on the need to start vaccination early. Timings for vaccine administration should be adjusted to ensure safety and optimize vaccine responses, given the potential interference of DMDs. Patients treated with Ocrelizumab (and potentially other B-cell depleting therapies) are at risk of diminished immunogenicity to vaccines. This has relevant implications for the upcoming vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
    Summary: An early assessment and immunization of MS patients allows optimizing vaccine responses and avoiding potential interference with treatment plans. Vaccinations are safe and effective but some specific considerations should be followed when vaccinating before, during, and after receiving immunotherapy. A time-window for vaccination taking into account the kinetics of B cell repopulation could potentially improve vaccine responses. Further understanding of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response dynamics in MS patients under specific therapies will be key for defining the best vaccination strategy.
    MeSH term(s) Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects ; Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunization Programs/organization & administration ; Immunotherapy/adverse effects ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy ; Multiple Sclerosis/immunology ; Vaccination ; Viral Vaccines/adverse effects ; Viral Vaccines/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antirheumatic Agents ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Viral Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1182686-1
    ISSN 1473-6551 ; 1350-7540
    ISSN (online) 1473-6551
    ISSN 1350-7540
    DOI 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000929
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  9. Article ; Online: Who to Enroll in Parkinson Disease Prevention Trials? The Case for Composite Prodromal Cohorts.

    Molsberry, Samantha A / Hughes, Katherine C / Schwarzschild, Michael A / Ascherio, Alberto

    Neurology

    2022  Volume 99, Issue 7 Suppl 1, Page(s) 26–33

    Abstract: Significant progress has been made in expanding our understanding of prodromal Parkinson disease (PD), particularly for recognition of early motor and nonmotor signs and symptoms. Although identification of these prodromal features may improve our ... ...

    Abstract Significant progress has been made in expanding our understanding of prodromal Parkinson disease (PD), particularly for recognition of early motor and nonmotor signs and symptoms. Although identification of these prodromal features may improve our understanding of the earliest stages of PD, they are individually insufficient for early disease detection and enrollment of participants in prevention trials in most cases because of low sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. Composite cohorts, composed of individuals with multiple co-occurring prodromal features, are an important resource for conducting prodromal PD research and eventual prevention trials because they are more representative of the population at risk for PD, allow investigators to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention across individuals with varying prodromal feature patterns, are able to produce larger sample sizes, and capture individuals at different stages of prodromal PD. A key challenge in identifying individuals with prodromal disease for composite cohorts and prevention trial participation is that we know little about the natural history of prodromal PD. To move toward prevention trials, it is critical that we better understand common prodromal feature patterns and be able to predict the probability of progression and phenoconversion. Ongoing research in cohort studies and administrative databases is beginning to address these questions, but further longitudinal analyses in a large population-based sample are necessary to provide a convincing and definitive strategy for identifying individuals to be enrolled in a prevention trial.
    MeSH term(s) Cohort Studies ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Parkinson Disease/diagnosis ; Parkinson Disease/epidemiology ; Parkinson Disease/prevention & control ; Prodromal Symptoms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 207147-2
    ISSN 1526-632X ; 0028-3878
    ISSN (online) 1526-632X
    ISSN 0028-3878
    DOI 10.1212/WNL.0000000000200788
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  10. Article ; Online: High BMI in Youths as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis: Weighing Up the Evidence.

    Kalincik, Tomas / Tremlett, Helen / Ascherio, Alberto

    Neurology

    2021  Volume 97, Issue 23, Page(s) 1057–1058

    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 207147-2
    ISSN 1526-632X ; 0028-3878
    ISSN (online) 1526-632X
    ISSN 0028-3878
    DOI 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012966
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