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  1. Article: Differential Bacterial Predation by Free-Living Amoebae May Result in Blooms of

    Shaheen, Mohamed / Ashbolt, Nicholas J

    Microorganisms

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 1

    Abstract: Intracellular growth of ... ...

    Abstract Intracellular growth of pathogenic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms9010174
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Differential Bacterial Predation by Free-Living Amoebae May Result in Blooms of Legionella in Drinking Water Systems

    Shaheen, Mohamed / Ashbolt, Nicholas J

    Microorganisms. 2021 Jan. 15, v. 9, no. 1

    2021  

    Abstract: Intracellular growth of pathogenic Legionella in free-living amoebae (FLA) results in the critical concentrations that are problematic in engineered water systems (EWS). However, being amoeba-resistant bacteria (ARB), how Legionella spp. becomes ... ...

    Abstract Intracellular growth of pathogenic Legionella in free-living amoebae (FLA) results in the critical concentrations that are problematic in engineered water systems (EWS). However, being amoeba-resistant bacteria (ARB), how Legionella spp. becomes internalized within FLA is still poorly understood. Using fluorescent microscopy, we investigated in real-time the preferential feeding behavior of three water-related FLA species, Willaertia magna, Acanthamoeba polyphaga, and Vermamoeba vermiformis regarding Legionella pneumophila and two Escherichia coli strains. Although all the studied FLA species supported intracellular growth of L. pneumophila, they avoided this bacterium to a certain degree in the presence of E. coli and mostly fed on it when the preferred bacterial food-sources were limited. Moreover, once L. pneumophila were intracellular, it inhibited digestion of co-occurring E. coli within the same trophozoites. Altogether, based on FLA–bacteria interactions and the shifts in microbial population dynamics, we propose that FLA’s feeding preference leads to an initial growth of FLA and depletion of prey bacteria, thus increases the relative abundance of Legionella and creates a “forced-feeding” condition facilitating the internalization of Legionella into FLA to initiate the cycles of intracellular multiplication. These findings imply that monitoring of FLA levels in EWS could be useful in predicting possible imminent high occurrence of Legionella.
    Keywords Acanthamoeba ; Escherichia coli ; Legionella pneumophila ; bacteria ; digestion ; drinking water ; feeding preferences ; fluorescence microscopy ; forced feeding ; monitoring ; occurrence ; population dynamics ; predation ; prediction ; strains ; trophozoites ; water
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0115
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms9010174
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: First evidence of free-living Naegleria species in recreational lakes of Alberta, Canada.

    Dey, Rafik / Dlusskaya, Elena / Oloroso, Mariem / Ashbolt, Nicholas J

    Journal of water and health

    2023  Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) 439–442

    Abstract: Rising temperatures are increasing environmental habitats for thermotolerant pathogens, such as the so-called 'brain-eating amoeba', Naegleria fowleri. To the best of our knowledge, however, Naegleria species have not been reported in environmental water ...

    Abstract Rising temperatures are increasing environmental habitats for thermotolerant pathogens, such as the so-called 'brain-eating amoeba', Naegleria fowleri. To the best of our knowledge, however, Naegleria species have not been reported in environmental water sources in Canada. We surveyed popular recreational lakes in Alberta, Canada during the summer bathing period to determine the presence or absence of Naegleria species. While N. fowleri was not isolated in this study, we identified other thermotolerant species, including Naegleria pagei, Naegleria gruberi, Naegleria jejuensis and Naegleria fultoni using culture-based methods, hence indicating the potential conditions to support N. fowleri. Ongoing monitoring and examination of water for pathogenic amoebae is recommended in order to assist in the public health management of water sources.
    MeSH term(s) Naegleria ; Lakes ; Alberta ; Naegleria fowleri ; Water
    Chemical Substances Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2123845-5
    ISSN 1996-7829 ; 1477-8920
    ISSN (online) 1996-7829
    ISSN 1477-8920
    DOI 10.2166/wh.2023.325
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Z 7513: Show issues

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  4. Article: SARS-CoV-2 surrogate (Phi6) environmental persistence within free-living amoebae.

    Dey, Rafik / Dlusskaya, Elena / Ashbolt, Nicholas J

    Journal of water and health

    2022  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 83–91

    Abstract: The reported persistence of SARS-CoV-2 virions in aquatic environments highlights the need to better understand potential mechanisms that may prolong its dissemination. We evaluated the possibility that amoebae might serve as transport hosts by studying ... ...

    Abstract The reported persistence of SARS-CoV-2 virions in aquatic environments highlights the need to better understand potential mechanisms that may prolong its dissemination. We evaluated the possibility that amoebae might serve as transport hosts by studying the interaction of the enveloped bacteriophage Phi6, as a potential surrogated along with one of the most common amoebae in engineered aquatic environments, Vermamoeba vermiformis. Using microscopy, imaging flow cytometry and bacteriophage cell culture, our results imply that the SARS-CoV-2 surrogate triggers amoebic mitochondria and induced apoptosis to promote viral persistence in trophozoites. Furthermore, virus-infected amoebae were still infectious after 2 months within FLA cysts. These results suggest that amoebae could contribute to the environmental persistence of SARS-CoV-2, including disinfection processes. In addition, amoebae could be a successful model system for understanding respiratory virus-eukaryotic biology at the cellular and molecular levels.
    MeSH term(s) Amoeba ; Bacteriophages ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Viruses
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2123845-5
    ISSN 1996-7829 ; 1477-8920
    ISSN (online) 1996-7829
    ISSN 1477-8920
    DOI 10.2166/wh.2021.167
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 7513: Show issues

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  5. Article ; Online: Legionella

    Dey, Rafik / Ashbolt, Nicholas J

    ACS ES&T water

    2020  Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) 13–14

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2690-0637
    ISSN (online) 2690-0637
    DOI 10.1021/acsestwater.0c00151
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Environmental (Saprozoic) Pathogens of Engineered Water Systems: Understanding Their Ecology for Risk Assessment and Management.

    Ashbolt, Nicholas J

    Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

    2015  Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) 390–405

    Abstract: Major waterborne (enteric) pathogens are relatively well understood and treatment controls are effective when well managed. However, water-based, saprozoic pathogens that grow within engineered water systems (primarily within biofilms/sediments) cannot ... ...

    Abstract Major waterborne (enteric) pathogens are relatively well understood and treatment controls are effective when well managed. However, water-based, saprozoic pathogens that grow within engineered water systems (primarily within biofilms/sediments) cannot be controlled by water treatment alone prior to entry into water distribution and other engineered water systems. Growth within biofilms or as in the case of Legionella pneumophila, primarily within free-living protozoa feeding on biofilms, results from competitive advantage. Meaning, to understand how to manage water-based pathogen diseases (a sub-set of saprozoses) we need to understand the microbial ecology of biofilms; with key factors including biofilm bacterial diversity that influence amoebae hosts and members antagonistic to water-based pathogens, along with impacts from biofilm substratum, water temperature, flow conditions and disinfectant residual-all control variables. Major saprozoic pathogens covering viruses, bacteria, fungi and free-living protozoa are listed, yet today most of the recognized health burden from drinking waters is driven by legionellae, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and, to a lesser extent, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In developing best management practices for engineered water systems based on hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) or water safety plan (WSP) approaches, multi-factor control strategies, based on quantitative microbial risk assessments need to be developed, to reduce disease from largely opportunistic, water-based pathogens.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-06-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2695572-6
    ISSN 2076-0817
    ISSN 2076-0817
    DOI 10.3390/pathogens4020390
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Extracellular amoebal-vesicles: potential transmission vehicles for respiratory viruses.

    Dey, Rafik / Folkins, Melanie A / Ashbolt, Nicholas J

    NPJ biofilms and microbiomes

    2021  Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 25

    Abstract: Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children and immunocompromised adults worldwide. Here we report that amoebae-release respirable-sized vesicles containing high concentrations of infectious ... ...

    Abstract Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children and immunocompromised adults worldwide. Here we report that amoebae-release respirable-sized vesicles containing high concentrations of infectious RSV that persisted for the duration of the experiment. Given the ubiquity of amoebae in moist environments, our results suggest that extracellular amoebal-vesicles could contribute to the environmental persistence of respiratory viruses, including potential resistance to disinfection processes and thereby offering novel pathways for viral dissemination and transmission.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Amoeba/growth & development ; Amoeba/virology ; Child ; Extracellular Vesicles/virology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Models, Biological ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/transmission ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/pathogenicity ; Virus Replication
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2817021-0
    ISSN 2055-5008 ; 2055-5008
    ISSN (online) 2055-5008
    ISSN 2055-5008
    DOI 10.1038/s41522-021-00201-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Microbial Contamination of Drinking Water and Human Health from Community Water Systems.

    Ashbolt, Nicholas J

    Current environmental health reports

    2015  Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) 95–106

    Abstract: A relatively short list of reference viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens appears adequate to assess microbial risks and inform a system-based management of drinking waters. Nonetheless, there are data gaps, e.g. human enteric viruses resulting in ... ...

    Abstract A relatively short list of reference viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens appears adequate to assess microbial risks and inform a system-based management of drinking waters. Nonetheless, there are data gaps, e.g. human enteric viruses resulting in endemic infection levels if poorly performing disinfection and/or distribution systems are used, and the risks from fungi. Where disinfection is the only treatment and/or filtration is poor, cryptosporidiosis is the most likely enteric disease to be identified during waterborne outbreaks, but generally non-human-infectious genotypes are present in the absence of human or calf fecal contamination. Enteric bacteria may dominate risks during major fecal contamination events that are ineffectively managed. Reliance on culture-based methods exaggerates treatment efficacy and reduces our ability to identify pathogens/indicators; however, next-generation sequencing and polymerase chain reaction approaches are on the cusp of changing that. Overall, water-based Legionella and non-tuberculous mycobacteria probably dominate health burden at exposure points following the various societal uses of drinking water.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; Communicable Diseases/transmission ; Communicable Diseases/veterinary ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Drinking Water/microbiology ; Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Public Health ; Water Microbiology/standards ; Water Purification/methods ; Water Supply/standards
    Chemical Substances Drinking Water
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-03-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2196-5412
    ISSN (online) 2196-5412
    DOI 10.1007/s40572-014-0037-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

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  9. Article ; Online: Decreased efficacy of UV inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus after multiple exposure and growth cycles.

    Shoults, David C / Ashbolt, Nicholas J

    International journal of hygiene and environmental health

    2018  Volume 222, Issue 1, Page(s) 111–116

    Abstract: UV disinfection is a relatively simple and cost-efficient disinfection method, especially for in-home greywater treatment. In this study, a bench scale experiment was performed using a LED collimated UV-C beam with a peak wavelength of 256 nm to ... ...

    Abstract UV disinfection is a relatively simple and cost-efficient disinfection method, especially for in-home greywater treatment. In this study, a bench scale experiment was performed using a LED collimated UV-C beam with a peak wavelength of 256 nm to determine if potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus may become enriched in a semi-recirculating greywater system with UV as the sole disinfection step. A statistically significant (P < 0.001) decreasing trend in UV-C efficacy was observed between the 1st and 6th UV exposure-growth cycles of S. aureus (ATCC 25923), resulting in a 1.5 decrease in log
    MeSH term(s) Disinfection/methods ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Mutagenesis ; Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity ; Staphylococcus aureus/radiation effects ; Staphylococcus epidermidis/pathogenicity ; Staphylococcus epidermidis/radiation effects ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Water Purification/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-01
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2009176-X
    ISSN 1618-131X ; 1438-4639
    ISSN (online) 1618-131X
    ISSN 1438-4639
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.08.007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 5334: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Interactions between Human Reovirus and Free-Living Amoebae: Implications for Enteric Virus Disinfection and Aquatic Persistence.

    Folkins, Melanie A / Dey, Rafik / Ashbolt, Nicholas J

    Environmental science & technology

    2020  Volume 54, Issue 16, Page(s) 10201–10206

    Abstract: Free-living amoebae (FLA) are ubiquitous protozoa in aquatic/soil habitats and known to resist various disinfection methods commonly used in drinking and wastewater treatment plants. Reoviruses are emerging as useful infectious enteric virus indicators ... ...

    Abstract Free-living amoebae (FLA) are ubiquitous protozoa in aquatic/soil habitats and known to resist various disinfection methods commonly used in drinking and wastewater treatment plants. Reoviruses are emerging as useful infectious enteric virus indicators of wastewater treatment efficacy. The possible enhanced protection FLA may provide reoviruses, however, has not been previously described. Using an infectious clinical reovirus isolate in coculture with three FLA, namely,
    MeSH term(s) Acanthamoeba ; Amoeba ; Disinfection ; Enterovirus ; Humans ; Water Microbiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1520-5851
    ISSN (online) 1520-5851
    DOI 10.1021/acs.est.0c02896
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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