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  1. Article ; Online: Genetic drift from the out-of-Africa bottleneck leads to biased estimation of genetic architecture and selection.

    Ashraf, Bilal / Lawson, Daniel John

    European journal of human genetics : EJHG

    2021  Volume 29, Issue 10, Page(s) 1549–1556

    Abstract: Most complex traits evolved in the ancestors of all modern humans and have been under negative or balancing selection to maintain the distribution of phenotypes observed today. Yet all large studies mapping genomes to complex traits occur in populations ... ...

    Abstract Most complex traits evolved in the ancestors of all modern humans and have been under negative or balancing selection to maintain the distribution of phenotypes observed today. Yet all large studies mapping genomes to complex traits occur in populations that have experienced the Out-of-Africa bottleneck. Does this bottleneck affect the way we characterise complex traits? We demonstrate using the 1000 Genomes dataset and hypothetical complex traits that genetic drift can strongly affect the joint distribution of effect size and SNP frequency, and that the bias can be positive or negative depending on subtle details. Characterisations that rely on this distribution therefore conflate genetic drift and selection. We provide a model to identify the underlying selection parameter in the presence of drift, and demonstrate that a simple sensitivity analysis may be enough to validate existing characterisations. We conclude that biobanks characterising more worldwide diversity would benefit studies of complex traits.
    MeSH term(s) Africa ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Drift ; Human Migration ; Humans ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Racial Groups/genetics ; Selection, Genetic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1141470-4
    ISSN 1476-5438 ; 1018-4813
    ISSN (online) 1476-5438
    ISSN 1018-4813
    DOI 10.1038/s41431-021-00873-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 3589: Show issues Location:
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
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  2. Article: Fix the Heart, Damage the Gut: A Case Report and Literature Review of Ablation-Induced Gastroparesis.

    Alsamman, Mrhaf / Ashraf, Bilal / Dankyi, Bernard / Aggarwal, Niti

    Cureus

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) e23946

    Abstract: Catheter ablation is a common procedure performed in patients with atrial fibrillation. While some commonly known complications include perforation, thromboembolism, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade, gastroparesis is a less reported post- ... ...

    Abstract Catheter ablation is a common procedure performed in patients with atrial fibrillation. While some commonly known complications include perforation, thromboembolism, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade, gastroparesis is a less reported post-procedural complication. We present a case of a 66-year-old female admitted with intractable nausea and vomiting six weeks post-ablation. After ruling out the common causes of gastroparesis, a gastric emptying study was done, which confirmed the diagnosis of gastroparesis. Physicians should have a high degree of suspicion for vagus nerve damage in post-ablation patients that presents with unexplained persistent gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms to facilitate a better outcome.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.23946
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  3. Article ; Online: Subtractive genomics profiling for potential drug targets identification against Moraxella catarrhalis.

    Ashraf, Bilal / Atiq, Nimrah / Khan, Kanwal / Wadood, Abdul / Uddin, Reaz

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) e0273252

    Abstract: Moraxella catarrhalis (M. catarrhalis) is a gram-negative bacterium, responsible for major respiratory tract and middle ear infection in infants and adults. The recent emergence of the antibiotic resistance M. catarrhalis demands the prioritization of an ...

    Abstract Moraxella catarrhalis (M. catarrhalis) is a gram-negative bacterium, responsible for major respiratory tract and middle ear infection in infants and adults. The recent emergence of the antibiotic resistance M. catarrhalis demands the prioritization of an effective drug target as a top priority. Fortunately, the failure of new drugs and host toxicity associated with traditional drug development approaches can be avoided by using an in silico subtractive genomics approach. In the current study, the advanced in silico genome subtraction approach was applied to identify potential and pathogen-specific drug targets against M. catarrhalis. We applied a series of subtraction methods from the whole genome of pathogen based on certain steps i.e. paralogous protein that have extensive homology with humans, essential, drug like, non-virulent, and resistant proteins. Only 38 potent drug targets were identified in this study. Eventually, one protein was identified as a potential new drug target and forwarded to the structure-based studies i.e. histidine kinase (UniProt ID: D5VAF6). Furthermore, virtual screening of 2000 compounds from the ZINC database was performed against the histidine kinase that resulted in the shortlisting of three compounds as the potential therapeutic candidates based on their binding energies and the properties exhibited using ADMET analysis. The identified protein gives a platform for the discovery of a lead drug candidate that may inhibit it and may help to eradicate the otitis media caused by drug-resistant M. catarrhalis. Nevertheless, the current study helped in creating a pipeline for drug target identification that may assist wet-lab research in the future.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Genomics ; Histidine Kinase/metabolism ; Humans ; Infant ; Moraxella catarrhalis ; Otitis Media/microbiology
    Chemical Substances Histidine Kinase (EC 2.7.13.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0273252
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  4. Article ; Online: Evaluation of Factors Contributing to Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease in the Face of Increasing Trend in Pakistan.

    Akhtar, Tayyab Saeed / Ashraf, Bilal / Zahid, Kanza / Abbas, Sameen / Sana, Anosh / Khan, Abdul Rauf / Ijaz, Faiqa / Riaz, Faisal

    Crohn's & colitis 360

    2024  Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) otae015

    Abstract: Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by granulomatous inflammation of the digestive tract. Diagnosing CD involves assessing clinical symptoms, radiological and endoscopic findings, and histopathological evidence. Although previously ... ...

    Abstract Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by granulomatous inflammation of the digestive tract. Diagnosing CD involves assessing clinical symptoms, radiological and endoscopic findings, and histopathological evidence. Although previously considered a disease in developed countries, CD is increasing in developing nations, but challenges exist in diagnosing CD promptly. This study aims to report diagnostic parameters for early and correct CD diagnosis in Pakistan.
    Methodology: A retrospective analysis from June 2016 to August 2023 of 22 CD patients was done, by data from medical records, questionnaires completed at diagnosis, and telephonic interviews. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed, and patients were categorized using the Montreal classification.
    Results: CD was diagnosed in 22 patients, with a 1:1 male-to-female ratio with a mean age of 33 years (range 15-55 years). Symptoms at presentation included abdominal pain (95.5%), watery diarrhea (86.4%), fever (31.8%), rectal bleeding (54.5%), and weight loss (81.8%) with 68% having symptoms for over 12 months before diagnosis. Disease characteristics were diverse, with various patterns of involvement and histopathological findings.
    Conclusions: In resource-limited countries like Pakistan, the timely diagnosis of CD presents a significant healthcare challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to tackle these complex problems by enhancing diagnostic capabilities, raising medical awareness, and improving access to healthcare resources.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2631-827X
    ISSN (online) 2631-827X
    DOI 10.1093/crocol/otae015
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  5. Article: Gastrointestinal Manifestations Are Associated with Severe COVID-19 in Children.

    Akkoyun, Esra Betul / Ashraf, Bilal / Hanners, Natasha / Kahn, Jeffrey / Most, Zachary

    Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 1

    Abstract: Purpose: ...

    Abstract Purpose:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2721009-1
    ISSN 2227-9032
    ISSN 2227-9032
    DOI 10.3390/healthcare12010081
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  6. Article: Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness: Florida's Lyme Disease Variant.

    Abdelmaseih, Ramy / Ashraf, Bilal / Abdelmasih, Randa / Dunn, Sandi / Nasser, Hesham

    Cureus

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) e15306

    Abstract: Southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI) is an emerging zoonotic disease causing an annular rash with central clearing that is almost identical to erythema migrans seen in Lyme disease. It is spread ... ...

    Abstract Southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI) is an emerging zoonotic disease causing an annular rash with central clearing that is almost identical to erythema migrans seen in Lyme disease. It is spread by
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.15306
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  7. Article ; Online: Immature Platelet Fraction as a Biomarker for Disease Severity in Pediatric Respiratory Coronavirus Disease 2019.

    Lee, Nicholas C J / Demir, Yusuf Kemal / Ashraf, Bilal / Ibrahim, Ibrahim / Bat, Taha / Dickerson, Kathryn E

    The Journal of pediatrics

    2022  Volume 251, Page(s) 187–189

    Abstract: In this retrospective single-institution cohort study of 113 hospitalized pediatric patients with respiratory coronavirus disease 2019, those admitted to the intensive care unit or requiring mechanical ventilation had significantly higher immature ... ...

    Abstract In this retrospective single-institution cohort study of 113 hospitalized pediatric patients with respiratory coronavirus disease 2019, those admitted to the intensive care unit or requiring mechanical ventilation had significantly higher immature platelet fractions than those who did not require intensive care unit-level care or ventilation. Immature platelet fraction may be an accessible biomarker for disease severity in pediatric respiratory coronavirus disease 2019.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Retrospective Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Respiration, Artificial ; Intensive Care Units ; Biomarkers
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 3102-1
    ISSN 1097-6833 ; 0022-3476
    ISSN (online) 1097-6833
    ISSN 0022-3476
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.07.035
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Um IV Zs.116: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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  8. Article: A Rare Case of Pancreatic Schwannoma.

    Tambovtseva, Anastasia / Ashraf, Bilal / Suleiman, Saud E / Suleiman, Ziad / Alaidy, Ziad

    Cureus

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 6, Page(s) e25688

    Abstract: Pancreatic schwannoma is a neuroendocrine cell tumor that arises in the pancreas. It is very rare, and, to date, only fewer than 70 similar cases have been reported in the literature. Here, we present another case of this type of tumor in a 68-year-old ... ...

    Abstract Pancreatic schwannoma is a neuroendocrine cell tumor that arises in the pancreas. It is very rare, and, to date, only fewer than 70 similar cases have been reported in the literature. Here, we present another case of this type of tumor in a 68-year-old female. In addition to describing the pancreatic schwannoma, we discuss the major challenges associated with its diagnosis and management. As such, clinically and on imaging, pancreatic schwannomas are almost indistinguishable from other cancerous or benign pancreatic tumors. Therefore, only a biopsy can definitively diagnose pancreatic schwannomas by demonstrating spindle-shaped cells with immunohistochemistry positive for S-100. Because pancreatic schwannomas are very rare, it is important to increase awareness among clinicians about this condition and inform them regarding the challenges associated with its diagnosis and management.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.25688
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  9. Article ; Online: Empowering People with Substance Use Disorders to Self-Administer Intravenous Antibiotics at Home.

    Hoff, Emily / Ashraf, Bilal / de la Cruz, Roberto / Smartt, Jillian / Marambage, Kapila / Bhavan, Kavita

    Journal of general internal medicine

    2022  Volume 37, Issue 16, Page(s) 4286–4288

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Administration, Intravenous ; Substance-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; Power, Psychological
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 639008-0
    ISSN 1525-1497 ; 0884-8734
    ISSN (online) 1525-1497
    ISSN 0884-8734
    DOI 10.1007/s11606-022-07662-7
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2205: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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  10. Article ; Online: "Ideal" parathyroid hormone in erythropoietin-stimulating agents-resistant anemia.

    Ashraf, Bilal / Bat, Taha / Weinberg, Olga K / Moe, Orson W / Ibrahim, Ibrahim

    EJHaem

    2021  Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 159–162

    Abstract: Erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) have revolutionized anemia treatment in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but ESA resistance is increasingly identified. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP) is one cause of ESA resistance. We describe a patient with ...

    Abstract Erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) have revolutionized anemia treatment in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but ESA resistance is increasingly identified. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP) is one cause of ESA resistance. We describe a patient with ESA-resistant, transfusion-dependent anemia and mild SHP with remodeling and reticulin fibrosis on bone marrow biopsy, all of which resolved with stricter SHP management. We identified 64 patients with anemia, ESRD, and bone marrow biopsy. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) range for bony remodeling was 183-16,161.9 pg/ml versus 90.8-3283 pg/ml. The PTH range for fibrotic changes was 183-2487 pg/ml versus 90.8-16,161.9 pg/ml. We found no clear PTH range predictive for bone marrow changes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2688-6146
    ISSN (online) 2688-6146
    DOI 10.1002/jha2.316
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