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Article: Myxofibrosarcoma metastasis to the pterygopalatine fossa: A case report.

Deeb, Haya / Ahmad, Afaf / AlAssaf, Areej

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)

2020 Volume 60, Page(s) 102–105

Abstract: Introduction: Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is a rare subtype of a malignant soft tissue tumor that occurs mainly in adults, and peaks at the age of 70. It typically presents as a slow growing, painless mass in the proximal part of the extremities. It is ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is a rare subtype of a malignant soft tissue tumor that occurs mainly in adults, and peaks at the age of 70. It typically presents as a slow growing, painless mass in the proximal part of the extremities. It is characterized with a high recurrence rate and a low rate of distant metastases; the most common metastases site is the lungs, and in some extremely rare cases it was mentioned that there was metastases to the head and neck region. We here report the first case of a myxofibrosarcoma metastasized from the gluteal region to the pterygopalatine fossa, which is the first report in the literature of this rare metastatic spread of myxofibrosarcoma. Case presentation: a 70 year-old male presented with diplopia and limited right eye movement. His medical history was significant for myxofibrosarcoma in his gluteus maximus. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a low signal mass in the pterygopalatine fossa. The tumor neither invaded the maxillary bone nor the maxillary sinus; the therapy plan was resection of the mass by partial maxillectomy followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusion: Metastasis to the pterygopalatine fossa should be considered in a patient with myxofibrosarcoma history presents with neuro-opthalmic symptoms. Partial maxillectomy in tumors that do not infiltrate into adjacent structures should be considered as a minimally invasive therapy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2745440-X
ISSN	2049-0801
ISSN	2049-0801
DOI	10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.025
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: COVID-19: Between Past and Present.

Assaf, Areej M / Haddadin, Randa N / Akour, Amal A

Viral immunology

2020 Volume 34, Issue 3, Page(s) 145–157

Abstract: Since the WHO declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic, huge efforts were made to understand the disease, its pathogenesis, and treatment. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), which ... ...

Abstract	Since the WHO declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic, huge efforts were made to understand the disease, its pathogenesis, and treatment. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), which is closely related to SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). This article attempts to provide a timely and comprehensive review of the coronaviruses over the years, and the epidemics they caused in this century with a focus on the current pandemic COVID-19. It also covers the basics about the disease immunopathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options. Although almost every single week new clinical findings are published, which change our understanding of COVID-19, this review explores and explains the disease and the treatment options available so far. In summary, many therapeutic options are being investigated to treat and/or ameliorate the symptoms of COVID-19, but none is registered and no sufficient data to support immune-based therapy beyond the context of clinical trials. For that, strengthening our immune system is the best defense at this time.
MeSH term(s)	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/physiology ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/etiology ; COVID-19/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/etiology ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	639075-4
ISSN	1557-8976 ; 0882-8245
ISSN (online)	1557-8976
ISSN	0882-8245
DOI	10.1089/vim.2020.0102
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Article: Stress-induced immune-related diseases and health outcomes of pharmacy students: A pilot study.

Assaf, Areej M

Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society

2012 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 35–44

Abstract: Stress in health sciences students has been studied extensively. Nevertheless, only few studies have been conducted on pharmacy students and nothing was done to compare stress effects on the immune responses of Pharmacy and Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) ... ...

Abstract	Stress in health sciences students has been studied extensively. Nevertheless, only few studies have been conducted on pharmacy students and nothing was done to compare stress effects on the immune responses of Pharmacy and Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students. The aim of this pilot study was (1) to measure the self-reported perceived stresses, immune-related diseases and health outcomes of pharmacy and PharmD students, (2) to investigate the relationship between perceived stresses, health outcomes and immune-related diseases and (3) to compare stress induced changes in the health and immune system of pharmacy and PharmD students. The study represents a cross sectional survey using an interviewer administered questionnaire about stress and students' health states during the fall semester of 2009/2010. At commence of this study, 222 of pharmacy and PharmD participant students (113 and 109 respectively) from the third and uppermost levels of study were picked up randomly. They were found to perceive stress related to program intensity, lack of exercise and social activities, bad nutritional routines and accommodation. Effects of increased study loads on students' health and immune-related diseases were more pronounced on PharmD students, while showing significant changes on Pharmacy students. In general, more than 50% of students of each program got ill several times, mainly during the midterm period, had cold/flu, were under medical care and had problems in skin and/or hair. Also, PharmD students reported relatively higher levels of perceived stress and lower emotional and satisfaction quality of life compared to Pharmacy students. Results may help to increase the awareness of students to get prepared to what they might face, and may enable them to reduce the program's negative effects.
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-03-07
Publishing country	Saudi Arabia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1378024-4
ISSN	1319-0164
ISSN	1319-0164
DOI	10.1016/j.jsps.2012.02.006
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Article ; Online: Correlations of Expression Levels of a Panel of Genes (

Uzrail, Amal H / Assaf, Areej M / Abdalla, Shtaywy S

BioMed research international

2019 Volume 2019, Page(s) 1703842

Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by systemic end-organ damage. We investigated the involvement ... ...

Abstract	Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by systemic end-organ damage. We investigated the involvement of
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Biomarkers/blood ; Cytokines/blood ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/genetics ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Interleukin-10/metabolism ; Interleukin-12/metabolism ; Interleukin-2/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Jordan ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism ; Male ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/genetics ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/metabolism ; OX40 Ligand/genetics ; OX40 Ligand/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; STAT4 Transcription Factor/genetics ; STAT4 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 7/genetics ; Toll-Like Receptor 7/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Cytokines ; IL10 protein, human ; IRF5 protein, human ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-6 ; MECP2 protein, human ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 ; OX40 Ligand ; RNA, Messenger ; STAT4 Transcription Factor ; STAT4 protein, human ; TLR7 protein, human ; TNFSF4 protein, human ; Toll-Like Receptor 7 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Interleukin-10 (130068-27-8) ; Interleukin-12 (187348-17-0) ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2698540-8
ISSN	2314-6141 ; 2314-6133
ISSN (online)	2314-6141
ISSN	2314-6133
DOI	10.1155/2019/1703842
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Article ; Online: COVID-19

Assaf, Areej M. / Haddadin, Randa N. / Akour, Amal A.

Viral Immunology ; ISSN 0882-8245 1557-8976

Between Past and Present

2020

Keywords	Immunology ; Molecular Medicine ; Virology ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1089/vim.2020.0102
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Attitude towards HPV Vaccination and the Intention to Get Vaccinated among Female University Students in Health Schools in Jordan.

Sallam, Malik / Al-Mahzoum, Kholoud / Eid, Huda / Assaf, Areej M / Abdaljaleel, Maram / Al-Abbadi, Mousa / Mahafzah, Azmi

Vaccines

2021 Volume 9, Issue 12

Abstract: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. The availability of prophylactic vaccines for high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection represents an important advancement in the prevention of cervical ... ...

Abstract	Cervical cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. The availability of prophylactic vaccines for high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection represents an important advancement in the prevention of cervical cancer. In Jordan, the availability of the HPV vaccination is restricted to individuals who are willing to pay. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the willingness and attitude of female university students in health schools/faculties in Jordan to get HPV vaccination and their knowledge about the virus. A self-administered online questionnaire was distributed in October 2021, which comprised 27 items to evaluate HPV knowledge, history of HPV vaccination, intentions to get the HPV vaccine, and the reason(s) behind vaccine refusal for those who rejected vaccination. The study sample comprised 836 participants: medical students (39.7%), pharmacy students (26.0%), dental students (21.2%), and nursing students (13.2%). Only 524 participants had heard of HPV prior to the study (62.7%), of which 48.7% knew about the availability of HPV vaccines. The lowest level of HPV knowledge was observed among nursing students. Only 19/524 students reported a history of HPV vaccination (3.6%). The overall willingness to receive HPV vaccination if provided freely was 75.0%, while only 16.0% were willing to pay for the vaccine. The most common reason for HPV vaccine rejection was the perceived low risk to get HPV infection. Significantly higher intentions to get HPV vaccination were found among older participants and medical students. The embrace of vaccine conspiracy beliefs was associated with a significantly less willingness to get the HPV vaccination (
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines9121432
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Article ; Online: Perception of adults toward electronic cigarettes: a cross-sectional study from Jordan.

Barakat, Muna / Assaf, Areej M / Al-Qudah, Raja'a / Thiab, Samar / Alhamed, Manar / Al-Obaidi, Hala J / Jirjees, Feras J / Basheti, Iman

Primary health care research & development

2021 Volume 22, Page(s) e3

Abstract: Introduction: The rate of Jordanian tobacco smokers has been reported to be one of the highest rates in the world. The electronic cigarette (E-cig) has become an option, or an alternative, to tobacco cigarette smoking. This study was aimed to measure ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The rate of Jordanian tobacco smokers has been reported to be one of the highest rates in the world. The electronic cigarette (E-cig) has become an option, or an alternative, to tobacco cigarette smoking. This study was aimed to measure the perception of Jordanian adults toward E-cig use. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. A self-administered survey was developed and validated to solicit anonymous responses from the study participants. A convenience sample (n = 984) was recruited electronically through social media platforms. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were completed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: More than half of the participants (53%) were females, and almost all participants had heard about E-cig (99.2%), mainly from their friends (40%) and social media (34.5%). About half of the participants were nonsmokers and around one-third of them (33.1%) were current E-cig users. The majority of the participating E-cig users had replaced tobacco with E-cig (56.4%)/All the E-cig users reported positive beliefs toward the E-cig as a safer alternative for tobacco smoking. About 45% of participants believed that the E-cig is helpful in tobacco smoking cessation, but should be highly regulated. Conclusion: This study illustrated a significant prevalence of E-cig usage among Jordanian adults. E-cig users perceived E-cig as a safer and cheaper alternative to tobacco smoking and that it helps in tobacco smoking cessation. However, health awareness campaigns are needed for the entire Jordanian community about E-cig use, related emerging health findings, and how to promote tobacco smoking cessation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2027892-5
ISSN	1477-1128 ; 1463-4236
ISSN (online)	1477-1128
ISSN	1463-4236
DOI	10.1017/S1463423621000062
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Article ; Online: Influenza Vaccination Coverage Rates, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs in Jordan: A Comprehensive Study.

Assaf, Areej M / Hammad, Eman A / Haddadin, Randa N

Viral immunology

2016 Volume 29, Issue 9, Page(s) 516–525

Abstract: Influenza vaccination is the most effective method in preventing influenza and its complications. This study's objectives were to investigate the vaccination coverage and frequency and to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward influenza ... ...

Abstract	Influenza vaccination is the most effective method in preventing influenza and its complications. This study's objectives were to investigate the vaccination coverage and frequency and to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward influenza vaccination in Jordan during the year 2012 and the 5 years preceding it. Additionally, it aimed at identifying the barriers and motivations to receive the vaccine and the factors contributing to its uptake. In May 2012, a self-administered cross-sectional survey was distributed to 3,200 adults conveniently selected across Jordan to explore influenza vaccination status, knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward the influenza vaccine. The survey response rate was 98.3%. The overall coverage rate of seasonal influenza vaccination ranged from 9.9% to 27.5%. Results of the univariate analysis revealed that males, participants older than 45 years, business owners, and university students or graduates were more likely to take the vaccine. Healthcare workers (HCW) showed higher rates than non-HCW and those with concomitant chronic diseases were more committed to receive the vaccine. Knowledge about the influenza vaccine is considered high in the Jordanian population. Fear from side effects was the major barrier, while the fear of the virus spread and outbreak was the major reason to receive the vaccine. The coverage rates were low in Jordan compared to other countries. The need for influenza vaccine campaigns and on-going education in Jordan health schools is crucial to increase the rate and remove misconceptions and negative attitudes toward vaccination.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639075-4
ISSN	1557-8976 ; 0882-8245
ISSN (online)	1557-8976
ISSN	0882-8245
DOI	10.1089/vim.2015.0135
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Article ; Online: Immunomodulatory Effects of Tigecycline in Balb/C Mice.

Elhayek, Shada Y / Fararjeh, Mohammad A / Assaf, Areej M / Abu-Rish, Eman Y / Bustanji, Yasser

Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia)

2019 Volume 68, Issue 4, Page(s) 457–469

Abstract: Tigecycline is a glycylcycline antibiotic approved by the FDA for the treatment of complicated infections. Despite its effectiveness, the FDA announced a warning of increasing mortality associated with its use. There is, however, no clear explanation for ...

Abstract	Tigecycline is a glycylcycline antibiotic approved by the FDA for the treatment of complicated infections. Despite its effectiveness, the FDA announced a warning of increasing mortality associated with its use. There is, however, no clear explanation for this side effect. Previous reports found a possible effect of tigecycline on leukocyte proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine release. We t herefore i nvestigated the effect of tigecycline on the immune components and response in Balb/c mice in vivo and in vitro. It was found that tigecycline enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and significantly increased cellular infiltration within the footpad, as based on DTH testing, but reduced the hemagglutination titer. In splenocyte cultures, tigecycline suppressed splenocyte proliferation with IC50 3-5 mmol L-1, significantly increased IL-2 secretion and reduced IL-17 secretion in a dose dependent mode. In conclusion, tigecycline is safe at therapeutic and sub-therapeutic doses, but it could still have an immunomodulatory effect at higher doses. Use of higher doses of tigecycline requires further investigation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage ; Immunologic Factors/pharmacology ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Lymphocytes/cytology ; Lymphocytes/drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Spleen/cytology ; Tigecycline/administration & dosage ; Tigecycline/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cytokines ; Immunologic Factors ; Tigecycline (70JE2N95KR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-01
Publishing country	Croatia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1111806-4
ISSN	1846-9558 ; 1330-0075
ISSN (online)	1846-9558
ISSN	1330-0075
DOI	10.2478/acph-2018-0040
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Article: Academic stress-induced changes in Th1- and Th2-cytokine response.

Assaf, Areej M / Al-Abbassi, Reem / Al-Binni, Maysaa

Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society

2017 Volume 25, Issue 8, Page(s) 1237–1247

Abstract: Psychological stress stimulates physiological responses releasing catecholamines and corticoids, which act via corresponding receptors on immune cells, producing a shift in the cytokine balance. These responses are variable depending on the nature of ... ...

Abstract	Psychological stress stimulates physiological responses releasing catecholamines and corticoids, which act via corresponding receptors on immune cells, producing a shift in the cytokine balance. These responses are variable depending on the nature of stressors. The effect of the academic stress on the production of the Th1-cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8) and Th2-cytokines (IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) on 35 medical/health sciences students after completing their questionnaires was investigated. Blood samples were taken at three stages; baseline stage at the beginning, midterm and final academic examination stages. Plasma cortisol and cytokines were measured during the three stages. The last two stages were compared with the baseline non-stress period. Results of the stress induced during the final examination stage were the highest with a significant increase in cortisol release, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-1ra release with a shift in Th1:Th2 cytokines balance towards Th2. Whereby, the midterm stage did not show significant reduction in Th1-cytokines except for TNF-α, with an increase in IFN-γ level that was reduced in the third stage. Th2 cytokine, IL-1ra, had positive correlations with Th1 cytokines; IL-2 and IFN-γ in the second stage and IL-6 cytokine in the third stage. Cortisol was positively correlated with IL-8 in the last stage and heart rates had negative correlation with IL-10 in the first and last stages. Findings of this study indicate that exam stress down-regulates Th1 with a selective up-regulation of Th2-cytokines. In conclusion, Cortisol might have a role in suppressing the release of Th1- mediated cellular immune response which could increase the vulnerability among the students to infectious diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-25
Publishing country	Saudi Arabia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1378024-4
ISSN	1319-0164
ISSN	1319-0164
DOI	10.1016/j.jsps.2017.09.009
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