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Artikel: Academics' Beliefs Regarding the Importance of Curriculum Internationalization in the Ethiopian Research Universities.

Teshome, Habtamu / Seyoum, Yilfashewa / Dufera, Derebssa / Assefa, Samuel

2024 Band 10, Heft 8, Seite(n) e29537

Abstract: This study set out to investigate the beliefs of academics regarding the importance of curriculum internationalization in Ethiopian research ... ...

Abstract	This study set out to investigate the beliefs of academics regarding the importance of curriculum internationalization in Ethiopian research universiti
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-04-13
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29537
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Experiences and lessons from structural interventions against COVID-19 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Engdawork, Kibur / Amdework, Ezana / Assefa, Samuel / Ayode, Desta / Tadele, Getnet

Frontiers in sociology

2024 Band 9, Seite(n) 1305549

Abstract: Introduction: Fighting pandemics like COVID-19 requires implementing successful structural and behavioral interventions that attempt to change the social and political environments to increase adherence to preventive behavior among community members. ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Fighting pandemics like COVID-19 requires implementing successful structural and behavioral interventions that attempt to change the social and political environments to increase adherence to preventive behavior among community members. However, studying structural interventions implemented during pandemics and their challenges remains to be uncharted territory in developing implemented countries. Objectives: Given this, we documented the experiences of implementing such interventions in Ethiopia with the aim of drawing lessons for future efforts to fight similar outbreaks in resource limited and low-income settings. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study between September and October 2021. Data were collected through face to face and telephone interviews from purposefully selected stakeholders from government and private sectors engaged in social interventions to prevent COVID-19. The systematization and the analysis of the data were conducted with MAXQDA 2020 software. Results: Ethiopia implemented structural and social interventions to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. This included: developing national policy and guidelines, mainstreaming COVID-19 interventions to local organizations, implementing capacity development programs, and developing strategies to engage the community, through traditional institutions, in intervention activities. In addition, a mass communication approach was used to deliver risk messages. This yielded a promising result in slowing down the spread of COVID-19 in the capital of Ethiopia-Addis Ababa. On the other hand, competing interests, misconceptions, capacity constraints among professionals and organizations, limited capacity to enforce legislation and lack of motivation for change from the community side affected the implementation and the outcomes of interventions. Conclusion: Going forward, these challenges need to be taken into consideration when designing and implementing structural interventions to contain disease outbreaks effectively. The study highlighted that attempts to withstand pandemic in low- and middle-income settings shall successfully utilize local resources, act swiftly when pandemics outbreak and adjust themselves to the dynamic challenges and limitations of structural interventions.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-01-26
Erscheinungsland	Switzerland
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2297-7775
ISSN (online)	2297-7775
DOI	10.3389/fsoc.2024.1305549
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Factors affecting farmers’ decision to participate in Campaign-Based Watershed Management program in Boset District, Ethiopia

Assefa, Samuel / Kessler, Aad / Fleskens, Luuk

Land Use Policy

2024 Band 137

Abstract: The sustainability of the ongoing national Campaign-Based Watershed Management (CBWM) program of Ethiopia depends on active participation of farmers in the planning and implementation activities. This study analyzes farmers’ participation level in CBWM ... ...

Abstract	The sustainability of the ongoing national Campaign-Based Watershed Management (CBWM) program of Ethiopia depends on active participation of farmers in the planning and implementation activities. This study analyzes farmers’ participation level in CBWM program and factors that determine their participation, using mixed research methods. Key informant interviews were conducted with 29 purposively selected actors (excluding farmers) to discern their decision-making processes and to gain insight into the factors influencing farmers' participation in the program. Additionally, individual case studies were conducted with 15 farmers to explore their personal experiences. Furthermore, a household survey was administered to 351 households to explain key factors shaping their decisions to participate in the program. Our study shows that the farmers’ level of participation in the CBWM program was quite low (53.0%). Compared to the implementation and post-implementation stages, the level of participation was lowest at the planning stage of the program. Three key factors influenced the farmers’ level of participation in the program: location or proximity of farmers to the micro-watersheds during campaign works, the commitment of local leaders, and awareness and motivation of farmers. This suggests the need to (1) focus on smaller watersheds to minimize the effect of distance between farmers’ homesteads and the micro-watersheds, (2) include local livelihood opportunities to mitigate the impact of location or out-migration and ensure their availability for campaign works, (3) enhance the performance/commitment of local leaders, (4) improve farmers’ awareness and motivation through capacity building. However, given that the effect of these factors varies across the studied villages and stages of the program, a more bottom-up planning approach that considers socio-economic and biophysical contexts should be introduced in the study area and other similar localities where watershed management activities are carried out through ...
Schlagwörter	Collective action ; Ethiopia ; SWC structures ; Smallholders
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	910
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsland	nl
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
ZDB-ID	852476-2
ISSN	0264-8377
ISSN	0264-8377
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Buch ; Online: Federated Learning

Mathews, Sherin Mary / Assefa, Samuel A.

Balancing the Thin Line Between Data Intelligence and Privacy

2022

Abstract: Federated learning holds great promise in learning from fragmented sensitive data and has revolutionized how machine learning models are trained. This article provides a systematic overview and detailed taxonomy of federated learning. We investigate the ... ...

Abstract	Federated learning holds great promise in learning from fragmented sensitive data and has revolutionized how machine learning models are trained. This article provides a systematic overview and detailed taxonomy of federated learning. We investigate the existing security challenges in federated learning and provide a comprehensive overview of established defense techniques for data poisoning, inference attacks, and model poisoning attacks. The work also presents an overview of current training challenges for federated learning, focusing on handling non-i.i.d. data, high dimensionality issues, and heterogeneous architecture, and discusses several solutions for the associated challenges. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges in managing federated learning training and suggest focused research directions to address the open questions. Potential candidate areas for federated learning, including IoT ecosystem, healthcare applications, are discussed with a particular focus on banking and financial domains. Comment: 36th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-2022)--Workshop on AI in Financial Services: Adaptiveness, Resilience & Governance
Schlagwörter	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	006
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-04-22
Erscheinungsland	us
Dokumenttyp	Buch ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel: Neisseria meningitidis carriage rate, antibiotic susceptibility profile, and associated factors among prisoners at Jimma zonal correction facility in Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

Assefa, Samuel / Abdissa, Alemseged / Alemu, Yared / Girma, Lencho / Sahlu, Degemu

Tropical medicine and health

2022 Band 50, Heft 1, Seite(n) 67

Abstract: Background: Neisseria meningitidis causes severe life-threatening meningococcal disease with a case fatality rate of 10-15% even with proper treatment. In Ethiopia, particularly in our study area, inadequate information is found on meningococcal disease. ...

Abstract	Background: Neisseria meningitidis causes severe life-threatening meningococcal disease with a case fatality rate of 10-15% even with proper treatment. In Ethiopia, particularly in our study area, inadequate information is found on meningococcal disease. So, this study aimed to assess N. meningitidis carriage rate, antibiotic susceptibility profile, and associated factors among prisoners in Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma town, Southwest Ethiopia, from May to October 2019. A stratified sampling technique was used and proportional allocation was done. A total of 550 oropharyngeal swabs were collected, processed, isolated, and identified N. meningitidis using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotics susceptibility test was done for isolates using the disk diffusion method. Data on demographic and associated factors for carriage were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were summarized using frequency, percentage, graph, and table. A logistic regression model was used to see the association between the dependent and independent variables. Variables with a p-value < 0.25 during bivariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis to identify factors significantly associated with the meningococcal carriage and, a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Out of the 550 study participants, 76(13.8%) with (CI: 7.20-18.20) were found carriers of N meningitidis. The predominant isolates were non-serogroupable 26(34.2%) and serogroup W/Y 22(28.9%), respectively. N. meningitidis isolates showed highest sensitivity to chloramphenicol 74(97.4%). Meningococcal carriage rate was significantly associated with being age group of 16-20 years; having respiratory symptoms within 3 months and active cigarette smoking within 3 months. Conclusions: The majority of participants harbor most of the serogroups responsible for invasive cases of meningococcal disease. Respiratory symptoms, active cigarette smoking, and age group of 16-20 years increased the risk of N. meningitidis pharyngeal carriage rate. This study suggests providing better health education to control respiratory symptoms, smoking, and providing antibiotic prophylaxis for prisoners.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-09-16
Erscheinungsland	Japan
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2209835-5
ISSN	1349-4147 ; 1348-8945
ISSN (online)	1349-4147
ISSN	1348-8945
DOI	10.1186/s41182-022-00462-z
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Buch ; Online: Copula Flows for Synthetic Data Generation

Kamthe, Sanket / Assefa, Samuel / Deisenroth, Marc

2021

Abstract: The ability to generate high-fidelity synthetic data is crucial when available (real) data is limited or where privacy and data protection standards allow only for limited use of the given data, e.g., in medical and financial data-sets. Current state-of- ... ...

Abstract	The ability to generate high-fidelity synthetic data is crucial when available (real) data is limited or where privacy and data protection standards allow only for limited use of the given data, e.g., in medical and financial data-sets. Current state-of-the-art methods for synthetic data generation are based on generative models, such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Even though GANs have achieved remarkable results in synthetic data generation, they are often challenging to interpret.Furthermore, GAN-based methods can suffer when used with mixed real and categorical variables.Moreover, loss function (discriminator loss) design itself is problem specific, i.e., the generative model may not be useful for tasks it was not explicitly trained for. In this paper, we propose to use a probabilistic model as a synthetic data generator. Learning the probabilistic model for the data is equivalent to estimating the density of the data. Based on the copula theory, we divide the density estimation task into two parts, i.e., estimating univariate marginals and estimating the multivariate copula density over the univariate marginals. We use normalising flows to learn both the copula density and univariate marginals. We benchmark our method on both simulated and real data-sets in terms of density estimation as well as the ability to generate high-fidelity synthetic data Comment: Working paper
Schlagwörter	Statistics - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Statistics - Applications
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	310
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-01-03
Erscheinungsland	us
Dokumenttyp	Buch ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Using Agent-Based Modelling to Assess Scenarios for Enhanced Soil and Water Conservation in the Boset District, Ethiopia

Assefa, Samuel / Kessler, Aad / Fleskens, Luuk

Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation

2021 Band 24, Heft 4

Abstract: The sustainability of the ongoing Campaign-Based Watershed Management (CBWM) program in Ethiopia is questionable due to poor planning and implementation of the Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) structures. This study uses an empirically based, agent- ... ...

Abstract	The sustainability of the ongoing Campaign-Based Watershed Management (CBWM) program in Ethiopia is questionable due to poor planning and implementation of the Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) structures. This study uses an empirically based, agent-based model to explore the effect of six scenarios on both area of land covered by, as well as the quality of SWC structures in three Kebeles (villages) of Boset District. The analysis revealed that integrating multiple interventions enhanced SWC most in all Kebeles. Furthermore, increasing the commitment of local government through capacity building generated most effect and yet required the lowest investment. Motivating farmers, introducing alternative livelihood opportunities and establishing and strengthening micro-watershed associations had limited, but differential influence on the outcomes across the Kebeles. However, all alternative scenarios had some added value compared to doing business as usual. Hence, in order to enhance the outcomes and sustainability of the ongoing CBWM program in the study area and other similar localities, it is crucial to pay much more attention to increasing the commitment of local government actors through capacity building. This empowers local government actors to (1) plan and more efficiently implement the program in consultation with other local actors, and (2) integrate locally sensitive need-based adaptation of the program.
Schlagwörter	Ethiopia ; Farmers ; Scenario Analysis ; Social Simulation ; Soil and Water Conservation
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	910
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsland	nl
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
ZDB-ID	2023879-4
ISSN	1460-7425
ISSN	1460-7425
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Exploring decision-making in campaign-based watershed management by using a role-playing game in Boset District, Ethiopia

Assefa, Samuel / Kessler, Aad / Fleskens, Luuk

Agricultural Systems

2021 Band 190

Abstract: CONTEXT: The sustainability of the ongoing national Campaign-Based Watershed Management (CBWM) program in Ethiopia is questionable due to poor planning and implementation practices. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzes farmers' decision-making in the CBWM ... ...

Abstract	CONTEXT: The sustainability of the ongoing national Campaign-Based Watershed Management (CBWM) program in Ethiopia is questionable due to poor planning and implementation practices. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzes farmers' decision-making in the CBWM program, and mutual learning and collective decisions among local actors in Boset District - Ethiopia. METHODS: Role-Playing Game (RPG) was the main method of the study. In order to collect pertinent information during the game sessions, observation of farmers' behavior and group discussions were used. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis were employed to analyze game outputs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Results show that farmers prefer to collectively work on private farmlands rather than on communal land. Furthermore, participation of farmers in campaign works was higher under a default-scenario (with control instruments), than under a willingness-scenario (without control instruments). In making decisions on their level of participation in campaign works, farmers followed the decisions of a fellow farmer they considered more knowledgeable. However, the participation of farmers in the maintenance of Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) structures was more or less the same under both scenarios. Both farmers' level of participation in campaign works and maintenance decisions were influenced by their proximity to the CBWM intervention areas (i.e. micro-watersheds) as well as their awareness and motivation. The commitment of local government actors was also crucial to enforce and encourage the farmers to participate in the program. Based on farmers' decisions in the RPG, none of the two scenarios simultaneously enhance the total land area covered with SWC structures and income of farmers. An important benefit of this game was that it stimulated mutual learning and collective decisions on micro-watersheds to be treated and alternative management strategies for the CBWM program. This revealed that there is a need to (1) motivate farmers through capacity building, ...
Schlagwörter	Ethiopia ; Farmers ; Intervention strategies ; Role-playing games ; Watershed management
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	910
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsland	nl
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
ZDB-ID	413255-5
ISSN	0308-521X
ISSN	0308-521X
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel: Identification of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Leaf Extract of Pepper (

Assefa, Samuel Tilahun / Yang, Eun-Young / Asamenew, Gelila / Kim, Heon-Woong / Cho, Myeong-Cheoul / Lee, Jundae

Metabolites

2021 Band 11, Heft 10

Abstract: Metabolomics and in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) activities of pepper leaves were used to identify bioactive compounds and select genotypes for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Targeted metabolite analysis using UPLC-DAD-QToF-MS ...

Abstract	Metabolomics and in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) activities of pepper leaves were used to identify bioactive compounds and select genotypes for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Targeted metabolite analysis using UPLC-DAD-QToF-MS was employed and identified compounds that belong to flavone and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives from extracts of pepper leaves. A total of 21 metabolites were detected from 155 samples and identified based on MS fragmentations, retention time, UV absorbance, and previous reports. Apigenin-
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-09-22
Erscheinungsland	Switzerland
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662251-8
ISSN	2218-1989
ISSN	2218-1989
DOI	10.3390/metabo11100649
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Assessing Farmers’ Willingness to Participate in Campaign-Based Watershed Management: Experiences from Boset District, Ethiopia

Assefa, Samuel / Fleskens, Luuk / Kessler, Aad

Sustainability. 2018 Nov. 28, v. 10, no. 12

2018

Abstract: This study assessed farmers’ perceptions of the outcomes of the Campaign-Based Watershed Management (CBWM) program in Ethiopia, and how this influences their willingness to participate in the program. Key informant interviews, a household survey, and the ...

Abstract	This study assessed farmers’ perceptions of the outcomes of the Campaign-Based Watershed Management (CBWM) program in Ethiopia, and how this influences their willingness to participate in the program. Key informant interviews, a household survey, and the Google Earth Engine were used to collect and analyze the relevant data. Results show that farmers’ perceived outcomes of the CBWM program hardly motivated them to participate in the program. Particularly, farmers were not motivated by the physical effects of the program, because of the limited direct benefits to individual households, and destruction of previously developed micro-watersheds by frequent runoff and human and animal disturbances. Similarly, farmers were not motivated by the economic effects of the program, because of the limitations/absence of benefit-sharing mechanisms and resultant conflicts among farmers. The only motivating outcome of the program concerned its effect on personal capacities, which was particularly appreciated in localities that were vulnerable to erosion. The results of the study suggest the need to (1) better integrate actions at watershed level to come to effective water runoff control, (2) enhance the participation of all local actors to come to more effective area closure initiatives with transparent benefit-sharing mechanisms, and (3) give much more emphasis to capacity building as a cross-cutting component in the program. Hence, in order to enhance the willingness of farmers to genuinely participate in the CBWM, the program should adopt a more participatory and integrated approach.
Schlagwörter	economic impact ; farmers ; household surveys ; households ; humans ; Internet ; interviews ; runoff ; watershed management ; watersheds ; Ethiopia
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2018-1128
Erscheinungsort	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
ZDB-ID	2518383-7
ISSN	2071-1050
ISSN	2071-1050
DOI	10.3390/su10124460
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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