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  1. Article ; Online: Ownership is (likely to be) a moral foundation.

    Atari, Mohammad / Haidt, Jonathan

    The Behavioral and brain sciences

    2023  Volume 46, Page(s) e326

    Abstract: Boyer presents a compelling account of ownership as the outcome of interaction between two evolved cognitive systems. We integrate this model into current discussions of moral pluralism, suggesting that ownership meets the criteria to be a moral ... ...

    Abstract Boyer presents a compelling account of ownership as the outcome of interaction between two evolved cognitive systems. We integrate this model into current discussions of moral pluralism, suggesting that ownership meets the criteria to be a moral foundation. We caution against ignoring cultural variation in ownership norms and against explaining complex, contested moral phenomena using a monist approach.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Ownership ; Morals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 423721-3
    ISSN 1469-1825 ; 0140-525X
    ISSN (online) 1469-1825
    ISSN 0140-525X
    DOI 10.1017/S0140525X2300119X
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  2. Article ; Online: Puritanism needs purity, and moral psychology needs pluralism.

    Graham, Jesse / Atari, Mohammad / Dehghani, Morteza / Haidt, Jonathan

    The Behavioral and brain sciences

    2023  Volume 46, Page(s) e307

    Abstract: This account of puritanical morality is useful and innovative, but makes two errors. First, it mischaracterizes the purity foundation as being unrelated to cooperation. Second, it makes the leap from cooperation (broadly construed) to a monist account of ...

    Abstract This account of puritanical morality is useful and innovative, but makes two errors. First, it mischaracterizes the purity foundation as being unrelated to cooperation. Second, it makes the leap from cooperation (broadly construed) to a monist account of moral cognition (as harm or fairness). We show how this leap is both conceptually incoherent and inconsistent with empirical evidence about self-control moralization.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Morals ; Cognition ; Self-Control ; Cultural Diversity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 423721-3
    ISSN 1469-1825 ; 0140-525X
    ISSN (online) 1469-1825
    ISSN 0140-525X
    DOI 10.1017/S0140525X23000493
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  3. Article ; Online: Assessment of Long-Term Mate Preferences in Iran.

    Atari, Mohammad

    Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior

    2016  Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) 1474704917702459

    Abstract: Previous research suggests that assessment of mate preferences has received relatively little psychometric attention from researchers, particularly in non-Western cultures. The current research was designed to (1) extend previous findings on long-term ... ...

    Abstract Previous research suggests that assessment of mate preferences has received relatively little psychometric attention from researchers, particularly in non-Western cultures. The current research was designed to (1) extend previous findings on long-term mate preferences by using a qualitative strategy, (2) develop a psychometrically sound scale for assessment of long-term mate preferences in men, and (3) develop a sex-neutral scale for assessment of long-term mate preferences. Six dimensions of mate preferences emerged for men: F = family/domesticity, A = attractiveness/sexuality, K = kindness/dependability, E = education/intelligence, R = religiosity/chastity, and S = status/resources. These male-specific dimensions of mate preferences showed satisfactory concurrent and convergent validity as well as high internal consistency coefficients. We mixed the female- and male-specific measures of mate preferences and arrived at 20 characteristics without culture- or sex-specific content. We further hypothesized that the 20-item scale of mate preferences would have a five-factor structure (i.e., kindness/dependability, attractiveness/sexuality, status/resources, education/intelligence, religiosity/chastity [KASER]) in men and women and that this model would replicate sex differences cited in the evolutionary psychological literature. Measurement invariance was evidenced across sexes and sex differences accorded with those in the literature. Therefore, the five-factor model of long-term mate preferences (i.e., KASER model) as measured by the Iranian Mate Preferences Scale-20 may be used to evaluate long-term mate preferences in men and women in Iran. Limitations are noted and future directions are discussed in the light of evolutionary perspective on human mating psychology.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Iran ; Male ; Marriage/psychology ; Men/psychology ; Psychometrics ; Qualitative Research ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior/psychology ; Sexual Partners/psychology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-10-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2118532-3
    ISSN 1474-7049 ; 1474-7049
    ISSN (online) 1474-7049
    ISSN 1474-7049
    DOI 10.1177/1474704917702459
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  4. Article ; Online: Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 in Iran.

    Atari, Mohammad

    Body image

    2016  Volume 18, Page(s) 1–4

    Abstract: Tylka and Wood-Barcalow (2015b) developed the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) as a psychometrically robust measure that is conceptually consistent with recent findings on positive body image. The present study aimed to examine the factor structure and ... ...

    Abstract Tylka and Wood-Barcalow (2015b) developed the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) as a psychometrically robust measure that is conceptually consistent with recent findings on positive body image. The present study aimed to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the BAS-2 in Iran. Participants were 568 men and 525 women from seven universities in Tehran, Iran. Two exploratory factor analyses were performed on data from women and men separately. Similar to the original English version, the Persian BAS-2 had a one-factor solution. Persian BAS-2 scores had satisfactory convergent validity (indexed by significantly correlations with self-esteem and life satisfaction) and internal consistency. Men had significantly higher scores on BAS-2 compared to women. The present study suggests that the Persian BAS-2 has adequate psychometric properties to assess body appreciation.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Body Image/psychology ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Iran ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychometrics/instrumentation ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires/standards ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-09
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2211449-X
    ISSN 1873-6807 ; 1740-1445
    ISSN (online) 1873-6807
    ISSN 1740-1445
    DOI 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.04.006
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  5. Article ; Online: Difficulty-as-Improvement: The Courage to Keep Going in the Face of Life's Difficulties.

    Yan, Veronica X / Oyserman, Daphna / Kiper, Gülnaz / Atari, Mohammad

    Personality & social psychology bulletin

    2023  , Page(s) 1461672231153680

    Abstract: When a task or goal is hard to think about or do, people can infer that it is a waste of their time (difficulty-as-impossibility) or valuable to them (difficulty-as-importance). Separate from chosen tasks and goals, life can present unchosen difficulties. ...

    Abstract When a task or goal is hard to think about or do, people can infer that it is a waste of their time (difficulty-as-impossibility) or valuable to them (difficulty-as-importance). Separate from chosen tasks and goals, life can present unchosen difficulties. Building on identity-based motivation theory, people can see these as opportunities for self-betterment (difficulty-as-improvement). People use this language when they recall or communicate about difficulties (autobiographical memories, Study 1; "Common Crawl" corpus, Study 2). Our difficulty mindset measures are culture-general (Australia, Canada, China, India, Iran, New Zealand, Turkey, the United States, Studies 3-15,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2047603-6
    ISSN 1552-7433 ; 0146-1672
    ISSN (online) 1552-7433
    ISSN 0146-1672
    DOI 10.1177/01461672231153680
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  6. Article ; Online: Morality beyond the WEIRD: How the nomological network of morality varies across cultures.

    Atari, Mohammad / Haidt, Jonathan / Graham, Jesse / Koleva, Sena / Stevens, Sean T / Dehghani, Morteza

    Journal of personality and social psychology

    2023  Volume 125, Issue 5, Page(s) 1157–1188

    Abstract: Moral foundations theory has been a generative framework in moral psychology in the last 2 decades. Here, we revisit the theory and develop a new measurement tool, the Moral Foundations Questionnaire-2 (MFQ-2), based on data from 25 populations. We ... ...

    Abstract Moral foundations theory has been a generative framework in moral psychology in the last 2 decades. Here, we revisit the theory and develop a new measurement tool, the Moral Foundations Questionnaire-2 (MFQ-2), based on data from 25 populations. We demonstrate empirically that equality and proportionality are distinct moral foundations while retaining the other four existing foundations of care, loyalty, authority, and purity. Three studies were conducted to develop the MFQ-2 and to examine how the nomological network of moral foundations varies across 25 populations. Study 1 (
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Morals ; Group Processes ; Psychometrics ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3103-3
    ISSN 1939-1315 ; 0022-3514
    ISSN (online) 1939-1315
    ISSN 0022-3514
    DOI 10.1037/pspp0000470
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  7. Article ; Online: Collapsing glomerulopathy in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease.

    Atari, Mohammad / Ambruzs, Josephine M / Saqqa, Osaid / Simon, Eric E

    The American journal of the medical sciences

    2022  Volume 364, Issue 1, Page(s) 99–105

    Abstract: Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) is a form of podocytopathy that is challenging to manage. CG can be idiopathic or associated with other conditions including autoimmune connective tissue diseases. In the setting of autoimmune connective tissue diseases, ... ...

    Abstract Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) is a form of podocytopathy that is challenging to manage. CG can be idiopathic or associated with other conditions including autoimmune connective tissue diseases. In the setting of autoimmune connective tissue diseases, there are no current guidelines to guide therapy. Here we report a unique and challenging case of CG with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) that responded to steroids followed by mycophenolate. In PubMed, we identified three previously reported cases of CG with MCTD in addition to other forms of autoimmune diseases, including Sjogren syndrome, adult-onset still's disease, and vasculitis, etc. We are providing a literature review of collapsing glomerulopathy cases in the setting of autoimmune connective tissue diseases and with MCTD. CG in the setting of autoimmune connective tissue diseases is more common in females and black patients. Response to therapy was inconsistent. Many patients progressed to dialysis despite use of various treatment modalities.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Kidney Diseases ; Mixed Connective Tissue Disease/complications ; Mixed Connective Tissue Disease/drug therapy ; Renal Dialysis
    Chemical Substances Immunosuppressive Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 82078-7
    ISSN 1538-2990 ; 0002-9629
    ISSN (online) 1538-2990
    ISSN 0002-9629
    DOI 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.04.011
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  8. Article ; Online: Sex differences in moral judgements across 67 countries.

    Atari, Mohammad / Lai, Mark H C / Dehghani, Morteza

    Proceedings. Biological sciences

    2020  Volume 287, Issue 1937, Page(s) 20201201

    Abstract: Most of the empirical research on sex differences and cultural variations in morality has relied on within-culture analyses or small-scale cross-cultural data. To further broaden the scientific understanding of sex differences in morality, the current ... ...

    Abstract Most of the empirical research on sex differences and cultural variations in morality has relied on within-culture analyses or small-scale cross-cultural data. To further broaden the scientific understanding of sex differences in morality, the current research relies on two international samples to provide the first large-scale examination of sex differences in moral judgements nested within cultures. Using a sample from 67 countries (Study 1;
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Individuality ; Judgment ; Male ; Morals ; Sex Characteristics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209242-6
    ISSN 1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    ISSN (online) 1471-2954
    ISSN 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    DOI 10.1098/rspb.2020.1201
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  9. Article ; Online: Body Maps of Moral Concerns.

    Atari, Mohammad / Mostafazadeh Davani, Aida / Dehghani, Morteza

    Psychological science

    2020  Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 160–169

    Abstract: It has been proposed that somatosensory reaction to varied social circumstances results in feelings (i.e., conscious emotional experiences). Here, we present two preregistered studies in which we examined the topographical maps of somatosensory reactions ...

    Abstract It has been proposed that somatosensory reaction to varied social circumstances results in feelings (i.e., conscious emotional experiences). Here, we present two preregistered studies in which we examined the topographical maps of somatosensory reactions associated with violations of different moral concerns. Specifically, participants in Study 1 (
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Kinesics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Morals ; Politics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2022256-7
    ISSN 1467-9280 ; 0956-7976
    ISSN (online) 1467-9280
    ISSN 0956-7976
    DOI 10.1177/0956797619895284
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  10. Article ; Online: The (moral) language of hate.

    Kennedy, Brendan / Golazizian, Preni / Trager, Jackson / Atari, Mohammad / Hoover, Joe / Mostafazadeh Davani, Aida / Dehghani, Morteza

    PNAS nexus

    2023  Volume 2, Issue 7, Page(s) pgad210

    Abstract: Humans use language toward hateful ends, inciting violence and genocide, intimidating and denigrating others based on their identity. Despite efforts to better address the language of hate in the public sphere, the psychological processes involved in ... ...

    Abstract Humans use language toward hateful ends, inciting violence and genocide, intimidating and denigrating others based on their identity. Despite efforts to better address the language of hate in the public sphere, the psychological processes involved in hateful language remain unclear. In this work, we hypothesize that morality and hate are concomitant in language. In a series of studies, we find evidence in support of this hypothesis using language from a diverse array of contexts, including the use of hateful language in propaganda to inspire genocide (Study 1), hateful slurs as they occur in large text corpora across a multitude of languages (Study 2), and hate speech on social-media platforms (Study 3). In post hoc analyses focusing on particular moral concerns, we found that the type of moral content invoked through hate speech varied by context, with Purity language prominent in hateful propaganda and online hate speech and Loyalty language invoked in hateful slurs across languages. Our findings provide a new psychological lens for understanding hateful language and points to further research into the intersection of morality and hate, with practical implications for mitigating hateful rhetoric online.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2752-6542
    ISSN (online) 2752-6542
    DOI 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad210
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