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Article ; Online: Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses of Asian lineage Zika virus whole genome sequences derived from Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes and urine of patients during the 2020 epidemic in Thailand

Atchara Phumee / Suwalak Chitcharoen / Nataya Sutthanont / Proawpilart Intayot / Supaporn Wacharapluesadee / Padet Siriyasatien

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has been continually emerging and re-emerging since 2010, with sporadic cases reported annually in Thailand, peaking at over 1000 confirmed positive cases in 2016. Leveraging high-throughput ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has been continually emerging and re-emerging since 2010, with sporadic cases reported annually in Thailand, peaking at over 1000 confirmed positive cases in 2016. Leveraging high-throughput sequencing technologies, specifically whole genome sequencing (WGS), has facilitated rapid pathogen genome sequencing. In this study, we used multiplex amplicon sequencing on the Illumina Miseq instrument to describe ZIKV WGS. Six ZIKV WGS were derived from three samples of field-caught Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes (two males and one female) and three urine samples collected from patients in three different provinces of Thailand. Additionally, successful isolation of a ZIKV isolate occurred from a female Cx. quinquefasciatus. The WGS analysis revealed a correlation between the 2020 outbreak and the acquisition of five amino acid changes in the Asian lineage ZIKV strains from Thailand (2006), Cambodia (2010 and 2019), and the Philippines (2012). These changes, including C-T106A, prM-V1A, E-V473M, NS1-A188V, and NS5-M872V, were identified in all seven WGS, previously linked to significantly higher mortality rates. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the seven ZIKV sequences belonged to the Asian lineage. Notably, the genomic region of the E gene showed the highest nucleotide diversity (0.7–1.3%). This data holds significance in informing the development of molecular tools that enhance our understanding of virus patterns and evolution. Moreover, it may identify targets for improved methods to prevent and control future ZIKV outbreaks.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Parasitism of Soldiers of the Termite, Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen), by the Scuttle Fly, Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera

Royto Noknoy / Sakone Sunantaraporn / Atchara Phumee / Padet Siriyasatien / Sunisa Sanguansub

Insects, Vol 11, Iss 318, p

Phoridae)

2020 Volume 318

Abstract: Termites of the genus Macrotermes (Termitidae: Macrotermitinae) are serious agricultural and structural pests, which also play vital roles in ecosystem functioning, and are crucial for the maintenance of tropical biodiversity. They are widely distributed, ...

Abstract	Termites of the genus Macrotermes (Termitidae: Macrotermitinae) are serious agricultural and structural pests, which also play vital roles in ecosystem functioning, and are crucial for the maintenance of tropical biodiversity. They are widely distributed, mainly in Southeast Asian countries; however, the parasitism of termites has been little researched. This research was conducted to identify and study the ecology of the parasitoids of termites at Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Macrotermes gilvus (Hagen) soldier termites were collected from 25 mounds. In four of the 25 mounds, scuttle fly larvae were found inside the bodies of the soldier termites, and adult flies were found in all of the mounds. Some of the larvae successfully developed to pupae under laboratory conditions. The percentages of parasitized major soldier termites collected from the four mounds were 43.79%, 47.43%, 0.86%, and 3.49%, respectively, and the percentages of parasitized minor soldier termites were 0.64%, 0.00%, 0.21%, and 0.00%, respectively. Larvae, pupae, and adult flies were identified using both morphological and molecular identifications. Molecular identification used the partial nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. The results of both identification methods identified the parasitic Diptera as the scuttle fly, Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae). The phylogenetic analysis of the 23 scuttle fly samples (11 larvae, 7 pupae, and 5 adults) classified them into two clades: (1) Those closely related to a previous report in India; (2) those related to M. scalaris found in Asia and Africa. This is the first discovery of M. scalaris in M. gilvus . Further investgation into termite parasitism by M. scalaris and its possible use in the biological control of termites is needed.
Keywords	termite parasite ; behavioral changes ; parasitic scuttle fly ; dipteran larva identification ; cytochrome c oxidase I ; Science ; Q
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Molecular detection of Indian Ocean Lineage Chikungunya virus RNA in field collected Culex quinquefasciatus Say from Bangkok, Thailand but no evidence of virus replication.

Atchara Phumee / Proawpilart Intayot / Sriwatapron Sor-Suwan / Akanitt Jittmittraphap / Padet Siriyasatien

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 1, p e

2021 Volume 0246026

Abstract: Following an outbreak of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections in Thailand in 2019, numerous cases of CHIKV infection have been diagnosed in Bangkok, the capital of the country. In our previous investigation of the vectors for disease transmission, we ... ...

Abstract	Following an outbreak of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections in Thailand in 2019, numerous cases of CHIKV infection have been diagnosed in Bangkok, the capital of the country. In our previous investigation of the vectors for disease transmission, we found natural infection of CHIKV in both male and female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected from the outbreak areas in Bangkok. Some reports mentioned the detection of CHIKV in Culex mosquitoes. In Thailand, the Culex quinquefasciatus Say mosquito is a common species found in urban and rural settings that coexists with Ae. aegypti. However, the role of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in the spread of the Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL) of CHIKV in Thailand has never been investigated. In this study, Cx. quinquefasciatus were collected (16 males and 27 females) from an outbreak area in Bangkok. Eight of the 27 in field-caught female Cx. quinquefasciatus were positive for IOL CHIKV RNA, and 99-100% identity and full 100% coverage of sequences similar to CHIKV isolated from female Ae. aegypti in Bangkok, Thailand, whereas viral RNA was not detected in male samples using nested-RT-PCR. To determine whether CHIKV is able to replicate in Cx. quinquefasciatus, the laboratory strain of Cx. quinquefasciatus was allowed to feed on blood containing IOL CHIKV isolated from patient serum. The nested-RT-PCR, virus isolation, and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were performed for CHIKV detection and replication. The results showed that CHIKV RNA was detected in Cx. quinquefasciatus until day 4 post infection. CHIKV did not produce any remarkable signs of infection, dissemination, or transmission in Cx. quinquefasciatus, and cytopathic effect (CPE) was not observed in C6/36 cells when infected with supernatant obtained from Cx. quinquefasciatus at days 7, 10, 14, and 21 post infection when compared to Ae. aegypti. The data from this study infer that CHIKV may be detected in Cx. quinquefasciatus but that the mosquito is not able to transmit CHIKV in Thailand.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Understanding dengue solution and larval indices surveillance system among village health volunteers in high- and low-risk dengue villages in southern Thailand

Orratai Nontapet / Sarunya Maneerattanasak / Jiraporn Jaroenpool / Atchara Phumee / Wirut Krachai / Pawinee Napet / Md. Siddikur Rahman / Charuai Suwanbamrung

One Health, Vol 15, Iss , Pp 100440- (2022)

2022

Abstract: Background: Successful dengue solutions require community collaboration between agencies engaged in human health, vector control and the environment. In Thailand, village health volunteers emphasize the need for a health working group to interact, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Successful dengue solutions require community collaboration between agencies engaged in human health, vector control and the environment. In Thailand, village health volunteers emphasize the need for a health working group to interact, collaborate, and coordinate actions. The objectives of this study were to acquire an understanding of dengue solutions, as well as the larval indices surveillance system of village health volunteers in high- and low-risk dengue villages. Methods: After 12 months of training in dengue prevention and setting larval indices surveillance systems, an analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 117 villages were included in the 18 primary care facilities within one district in southern Thailand, and they were divided into 71 high-risk and 46 low-risk dengue villages. Sample size was determined using the G*power formula. The content validity index and reliability values of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the questionnaires were 0.91 and 0.83, respectively. A random sampling approach was used to acquire data. The chi-square test, t-test, and odds ratio were used to assess the sample's level of understanding. Results: The study included 1302 village health volunteers, including 895 and 407 from high- and low-risk dengue communities, respectively. In total, 87.9% were female, 51.6% were 20–35 years old, 48.8% had worked as a village health volunteer for 11–20 years, 27.1% had an upper elementary education, and 59.1% had dengue in the previous 12 months. Understanding of the dengue solution and larval indices surveillance system varied across high- and low-risk dengue villages. Village health volunteers with a high level of understanding of the dengue solution and larval indies surveillance system were 1.064 and 1.504 times more likely to stay in high-risk dengue villages, respectively (odds ratio [OR] = 1.064, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.798–1.419, p = 0.672 and OR = 1.504, 95% CI:1.044–2.167, p = 0.028). Conclusions: Village health volunteers require ongoing ...
Keywords	Dengue prevention and control ; Larval indices surveillance system ; High and low risk dengue village ; Village health volunteer ; Primary care unit ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: First Report of Anuran Trypanosoma DNA in Flat-Tailed House Geckos (Reptilia

Prapimporn Toontong / Sakone Sunantaraporn / Sonthaya Tiawsirisup / Theerakamol Pengsakul / Rungfar Boonserm / Atchara Phumee / Padet Siriyasatien / Kanok Preativatanyou

Pathogens, Vol 11, Iss 247, p

Gekkonidae) Collected from Southern Thailand: No Evidence as a Reservoir for Human Trypanosomatids

2022 Volume 247

Abstract: Over the years, cases of autochthonous leishmaniasis have been dramatically increasing in Thailand. Recently, several publications have claimed certain species of the phlebotomine sand flies and biting midges potentially serve as natural vectors of ... ...

Abstract	Over the years, cases of autochthonous leishmaniasis have been dramatically increasing in Thailand. Recently, several publications have claimed certain species of the phlebotomine sand flies and biting midges potentially serve as natural vectors of Leishmania and Trypanosoma species in this country. However, more information regarding the vector–parasite relationships, as well as their natural reservoirs in the country, still needs to be explored. Herein, we hypothesized that synanthropic reptiles in the leishmaniasis-affected area might be a natural reservoir for these parasites. In this present study, a total of nineteen flat-tailed house geckos were collected from the house of a leishmaniasis patient in Songkhla province, southern Thailand, and then dissected for their visceral organs for parasite detection. Small subunit ribosomal RNA ( SSU rRNA ) gene and internal transcribed spacer 1 ( ITS-1 )-specific amplifications were conducted to verify the presence of Trypanosoma and Leishmania parasites, respectively. Only Trypanosoma DNA was screened positive in eight gecko individuals by SSU rRNA -PCR in at least one visceral organ (4, 4, and 6 of the heart, liver, and spleen, respectively) and phylogenetically related to the anuran Trypanosoma spp. (An04/Frog1 clade) previously detected in three Asian sand fly species ( Phlebotomus kazeruni , Sergentomyia indica , and Se. khawi ). Hence, our data indicate the first detection of anuran Trypanosoma sp. in the flat-tailed house geckos from southern Thailand. Essentially, it can be inferred that there is no evidence for the flat-tailed house gecko ( Hemidactylus platyurus ) as a natural reservoir of human pathogenic trypanosomatids in the leishmaniasis-affected area of southern Thailand.
Keywords	Trypanosoma ; Leishmania ; flat-tailed house gecko ; sand flies ; SSU rRNA gene ; Cytb gene ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Presence of the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) collected from primary school children of Thailand.

Narisa Brownell / Sakone Sunantaraporn / Kobpat Phadungsaksawasdi / Nirin Seatamanoch / Switt Kongdachalert / Atchara Phumee / Padet Siriyasatien

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 12, p e

2020 Volume 0008955

Abstract: Human head lice are blood-sucking insects causing an infestation in humans called pediculosis capitis. The infestation is more prevalent in the school-aged population. Scalp itching, a common presenting symptom, results in scratching and sleep ... ...

Abstract	Human head lice are blood-sucking insects causing an infestation in humans called pediculosis capitis. The infestation is more prevalent in the school-aged population. Scalp itching, a common presenting symptom, results in scratching and sleep disturbance. The condition can lead to social stigmatization which can lead to loss of self-esteem. Currently, the mainstay of treatment for pediculosis is chemical insecticides such as permethrin. The extended use of permethrin worldwide leads to growing pediculicide resistance. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the presence of the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation in head lice populations from six different localities of Thailand. A total of 260 head lice samples in this study were collected from 15 provinces in the 6 regions of Thailand. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the α subunit of voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) gene, kdr mutation (C→T substitution). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns and sequencing were used to identify the kdr T917I mutation and demonstrated three genotypic forms including homozygous susceptible (SS), heterozygous genotype (RS), and homozygous resistant (RR). Of 260 samples from this study, 156 (60.00%) were SS, 58 (22.31%) were RS, and 46 (17.69%) were RR. The overall frequency of the kdr T917I mutation was 0.31. Genotypes frequencies determination using the exact test of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium found that northern, central, northeastern, southern, and western region of Thailand differed from expectation. The five aforementioned localities had positive inbreeding coefficient value (Fis > 0) which indicated an excess of homozygotes. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of RS and RR showed T917I and L920F point mutations. In conclusion, this is the first study detecting permethrin resistance among human head lice from Thailand. PCR-RFLP is an easy technique to demonstrate the kdr mutation in head louse. The data obtained from this study would increase awareness of increasing of the ...
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Description of potential vectors of zoonotic filarial nematodes, Brugia pahangi, Setaria digitata, and Setaria labiatopapillosa in Thai mosquitoes

Padet Siriyasatien / Proawpilart Intayot / Vorthon Sawaswong / Kanok Preativatanyou / Supaporn Wacharapluesadee / Rungfar Boonserm / Sriwatapron Sor-suwan / Pattama Ayuyoe / Ana Cantos-Barreda / Atchara Phumee

Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp e13255- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Filariasis is classified as a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by several filarial nematodes. The disease is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Understanding the relationship between mosquito vectors, filarial parasites, and ... ...

Abstract	Filariasis is classified as a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by several filarial nematodes. The disease is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Understanding the relationship between mosquito vectors, filarial parasites, and vertebrate hosts is therefore essential for determining the probability of disease transmission and, correspondingly, developing effective strategies for prevention and control of diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the infection of zoonotic filarial nematodes in field-caught mosquitoes, observe the potential vectors of filaria parasites in Thailand using a molecular-based survey, conduct a study of host-parasite relationship, and propose possible coevolution of the parasites and their hosts. Mosquitoes were collected around cattle farms in Bangkok, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Ratchaburi, and Lampang provinces from May to December 2021 using a CDC Backpack aspirator for 20–30 minutes in each area (intra-, peri-, and wild environment). All mosquitoes were identified and morphologically dissected to demonstrate the live larvae of the filarial nematode. Furthermore, all samples were tested for filarial infections using PCR and sequencing. A total of 1,273 adult female mosquitoes consisted of five species: 37.78% Culex quinquefasciatus, 22.47% Armigeres subalbatus, 4.71% Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, 19.72% Anopheles peditaeniatus, and 15.32% An. dirus. Larvae of Brugia pahangi and Setaria labiatopapillosa were found in Ar. subalbatus and An. dirus mosquitoes, respectively. All mosquito samples were processed by PCR of ITS1 and COXI genes for filaria nematode species identification. Both genes showed that B. pahangi was found in four mosquitoes of Ar. subalbatus from Nakhon Si Thammarat, S. digitata was detected in three samples of An. peditaeniatus from Lampang, and S. labiatopapillosa was detected in one of An. dirus from Ratchaburi. However, filarial nematodes were not found in all Culex species. This study infers that this is the first data regarding the circulation ...
Keywords	Potential vector ; Mosquitoes ; Zoonotic filarial nematodes ; Brugia pahangi ; Setaria digitata ; Setaria labiatopapillosa ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Molecular analysis of mitochrondrial cytb of Pediculus humanus capitis in Thailand revealed potential historical connection with South Asia.

Kobpat Phadungsaksawasdi / Sakone Sunantaraporn / Nirin Seatamanoch / Switt Kongdachalert / Atchara Phumee / Kanyarat Kraivichian / Vorthon Sawaswong / Sunchai Payungporn / Narisa Brownell / Padet Siriyasatien

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e

2021 Volume 0257024

Abstract: Background Pediculus humanus capitis or head louse is an obligate ectoparasite and its infestation remains a major public health issue worldwide. Molecular analysis divides head lice into six clades and intra-clade genetic differences have been ... ...

Abstract	Background Pediculus humanus capitis or head louse is an obligate ectoparasite and its infestation remains a major public health issue worldwide. Molecular analysis divides head lice into six clades and intra-clade genetic differences have been identified. Several hypotheses have been formulated to elucidate the discrepancies of the variety of head lice among different regions of the world. It is currently concluded that head lice distribution might be associated with human migration history. This study aims to investigate genetic data of human head lice in Thailand. We believe that the analysis could help establish the correlation between local and global head lice populations. Method We investigated mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene of the collected 214 head lice to evaluate genetic diversity from 15 provinces among 6 regions of Thailand. The head lice genes were added to the global pool for the phylogenetic tree, Bayesian tree, Skyline plot, and median joining network construction. The biodiversity, neutrality tests, and population genetic differentiation among the 6 Thailand geographic regions were analyzed by DNAsp version 6. Results The phylogenetic tree analysis of 214 collected head lice are of clade A and clade C accounting for roughly 65% and 35% respectively. The Bayesian tree revealed a correlation of clade diversification and ancient human dispersal timeline. In Thailand, clade A is widespread in the country. Clade C is confined to only the Central, Southern, and Northeastern regions. We identified 50 novel haplotypes. Statistical analysis showed congruent results between genetic differentiation and population migration especially with South Asia. Conclusions Pediculosis remains problematic among children in the rural areas in Thailand. Cytb gene analysis of human head lice illustrated clade distribution and intra-clade diversity of different areas. Our study reported novel haplotypes of head lice in Thailand. Moreover, the statistic calculation provided a better understanding of their relationship with human, as an obligate human parasite and might help provide a better insight into the history of human population migration. Determination of the correlation between phylogenetic data and pediculicide resistance gene as well as residing bacteria are of interest for future studies.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Molecular Analysis of Canine Filaria and Its Wolbachia Endosymbionts in Domestic Dogs Collected from Two Animal University Hospitals in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand

Hathaithip Satjawongvanit / Atchara Phumee / Sonthaya Tiawsirisup / Sivapong Sungpradit / Narisa Brownell / Padet Siriyasatien / Kanok Preativatanyou

Pathogens, Vol 8, Iss 3, p

2019 Volume 114

Abstract: Canine filariasis is caused by several nematode species, such as Dirofilaria immitis , Dirofilaria repens , Brugia pahangi , Brugia malayi , and Acanthocheilonema reconditum . Zoonotic filariasis is one of the world’s neglected tropical diseases. Since ... ...

Abstract	Canine filariasis is caused by several nematode species, such as Dirofilaria immitis , Dirofilaria repens , Brugia pahangi , Brugia malayi , and Acanthocheilonema reconditum . Zoonotic filariasis is one of the world’s neglected tropical diseases. Since 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) has promoted a global filarial eradication program to eliminate filariasis by 2020. Apart from vector control strategies, the infection control of reservoir hosts is necessary for more effective filariasis control. In addition, many studies have reported that Wolbachia is necessary for the development, reproduction, and survival of the filarial nematode. Consequently, the use of antibiotics to kill Wolbachia in nematodes has now become an alternative strategy to control filariasis. Previously, a case of subconjunctival dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria spp. has been reported in a woman who resides in the center of Bangkok, Thailand. Therefore, our study aimed to principally demonstrate the presence of filarial nematodes and Wolbachia bacteria in blood collected from domestic dogs from the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand. A total of 57 blood samples from dogs with suspected dirofilariasis who had visited veterinary clinics in Bangkok were collected. The investigations for the presence of microfilaria were carried out by using both microscopic and molecular examinations. PCR was used as the molecular detection method for the filarial nematodes based on the COI and ITS1 regions. The demonstration of Wolbachia was performed using PCR to amplify the FtsZ gene. All positive samples by PCR were then cloned and sequenced. The results showed that the filarial nematodes were detected in 16 samples (28.07%) using microscopic examinations. The molecular detection of filarial species using COI -PCR revealed that 50 samples (87.72%) were positive; these consisted of 33 (57.89%), 13 (22.81%), and 4 (7.02%) samples for D. immitis , B. pahangi , and B. malayi, respectively. While the ITS1 -PCR showed that 41 samples (71.93%) were ...
Keywords	dog ; filariasis ; D. immitis ; B. pahangi ; B. malayi ; zoonosis ; Thailand ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Genetic Characterization of Chikungunya Virus in Field-Caught Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Collected during the Recent Outbreaks in 2019, Thailand

Proawpilart Intayot / Atchara Phumee / Rungfar Boonserm / Sriwatapron Sor-suwan / Rome Buathong / Supaporn Wacharapluesadee / Narisa Brownell / Yong Poovorawan / Padet Siriyasatien

Pathogens, Vol 8, Iss 3, p

2019 Volume 121

Abstract: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the genus Alphavirus . The virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected female Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti . CHIKV infection is spreading worldwide, and it ... ...

Abstract	Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the genus Alphavirus . The virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected female Aedes mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti . CHIKV infection is spreading worldwide, and it periodically sparks new outbreaks. There are no specific drugs or effective vaccines against CHIKV. The interruption of pathogen transmission by mosquito control provides the only effective approach to the control of CHIKV infection. Many studies have shown that CHIKV can be transmitted among the Ae. aegypti through vertical transmission. The previous chikungunya fever outbreaks in Thailand during 2008−2009 were caused by CHIKV, the East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotype. Recently, there have been 3794 chikungunya cases in 27 provinces reported by the Bureau of Epidemiology of Health Ministry, Thailand during 1 January−16 June 2019; however, the cause of the re-emergence of CHIKV outbreaks is uncertain. Therefore, the aims of this study were to detect and analyze the genetic diversity of CHIKV infection in field-caught mosquitoes. Both female and male Ae. aegypti were collected from endemic areas of Thailand, and CHIKV detection was done by using E1 -nested RT-PCR and sequencing analysis. A total of 1646 Ae. aegypti samples (900 females and 746 males) were tested. CHIKV was detected in 54 (3.28%) and 14 samples (0.85%) in female and male mosquitoes, respectively. Seventeen samples of female Ae. aegypti collected from the Ubon Ratchathani, Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan, and Songkhla provinces found mutation at E1 : A226V. Interestingly, E1 : K211E mutation was observed in 50 samples collected from Nong Khai, Bangkok, Prachuap Khiri Khan, and Krabi. In addition, the phylogenetic tree indicated that CHIKV in Ae. aegypti samples were from the Indian Ocean Clade and East/South African Clade. Both clades belong to the ECSA genotype. The information obtained from this study could be used for prediction, epidemiological study, prevention, and effective vector control ...
Keywords	genetic characterization ; Chikungunya virus ; Aedes aegypti ; Thailand ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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