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  1. Article: Sequential Nonparametric Tests for a Change in Distribution: An Application to Detecting Radiological Anomalies

    Madrid Padilla, Oscar Hernan / Athey, Alex / Reinhart, Alex / Scott, James G

    Journal of the American Statistical Association. 2019 Apr. 3, v. 114, no. 526

    2019  

    Abstract: We propose a sequential nonparametric test for detecting a change in distribution, based on windowed Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics. The approach is simple, robust, highly computationally efficient, easy to calibrate, and requires no parametric ... ...

    Abstract We propose a sequential nonparametric test for detecting a change in distribution, based on windowed Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics. The approach is simple, robust, highly computationally efficient, easy to calibrate, and requires no parametric assumptions about the underlying null and alternative distributions. We show that both the false-alarm rate and the power of our procedure are amenable to rigorous analysis, and that the method outperforms existing sequential testing procedures in practice. We then apply the method to the problem of detecting radiological anomalies, using data collected from measurements of the background gamma-radiation spectrum on a large university campus. In this context, the proposed method leads to substantial improvements in time-to-detection for the kind of radiological anomalies of interest in law-enforcement and border-security applications.Supplementary materials for this article, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work, are available as an online supplement.
    Keywords data collection ; equations ; gamma radiation ; law enforcement ; models ; statistics
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-0403
    Size p. 514-528.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2064981-2
    ISSN 1537-274X ; 0003-1291 ; 0162-1459
    ISSN (online) 1537-274X
    ISSN 0003-1291 ; 0162-1459
    DOI 10.1080/01621459.2018.1476245
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Approaches for Monitoring Warfighter Blast-related Exposures in Training to Develop Effective Safety Standards.

    Kornguth, Steven / Rylander, Henry G / Smith, Spencer / Campbell, Julia / Steffensen, Steve / Arnold, David / Athey, Alex / Rutledge, J Neal

    Military medicine

    2021  Volume 186, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) 515–522

    Abstract: Introduction: Traumatic brain injuries are of concern to the sports and military communities because of the age of the participants and costly burden to society. To markedly reduce the impact of traumatic brain injury and its sequela (TBI-S), it is ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Traumatic brain injuries are of concern to the sports and military communities because of the age of the participants and costly burden to society. To markedly reduce the impact of traumatic brain injury and its sequela (TBI-S), it is necessary to determine the initial vulnerability of individuals as well as identify new technologies that indicate early signs of TBI-S.
    Materials and methods: Currently, diverse methods have been used by the authors and others in laboratory settings to reveal early signs of persistent TBI-S including simulation modeling of the effect of rapid deceleration on the deviatoric strain (shear force) imposed on specific brain regions, auditory evoked potential (AEP) measurements to determine injury to the auditory cortex optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) measures sensitive to vestibular trauma, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures that reveal changes in central visual function obtained noninvasively by examination of the retina.
    Results: Simulation studies provided technical information on maximal deviatoric strain at the base of the sulci and interface of gray and white matter consistent with results from neuropathology and from magnetic resonance imaging. The AEP and OKN reveal measurable injury to similar regions below the Sylvian fissure including auditory cortex and midbrain, and the OCT reveals changes to the retina consistent with forceful deceleration effects.
    Conclusions: The studies and results are consistent with prior work demonstrating that noninvasive tests may be sensitive to the presence of TBI-S, potentially in the training field as advances in the portability of test instruments are underway. When combined with baseline data gathered from individuals in quantitative form, key variances can emerge. Therefore, it is hypothesized that AEP, OKN, and OCT, taken together, may yield faster objective and quantitative neurophysiological measures serving as a "signature" of neural injury and more indicative of potentially persistent TBI-S-recommending larger scale longitudinal studies.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain Concussion ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/diagnosis ; Humans ; Mice ; Military Personnel ; Reference Standards ; White Matter
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 391061-1
    ISSN 1930-613X ; 0026-4075
    ISSN (online) 1930-613X
    ISSN 0026-4075
    DOI 10.1093/milmed/usaa426
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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