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Article ; Online: Sports drinks do not increase acute kidney injury risk in males during industrial work in the heat when euhydration is maintained, a randomized crossover trial.

Atkins, Whitley C / McKenna, Zachary J / McDermott, Brendon P

Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme

2024

Abstract: Industrial workers regularly perform physical labor under high heat stress, which may place them at risk for dehydration and acute kidney injury. Current guidelines recommend that workers should consume sports drinks to maintain euhydration during work ... ...

Abstract	Industrial workers regularly perform physical labor under high heat stress, which may place them at risk for dehydration and acute kidney injury. Current guidelines recommend that workers should consume sports drinks to maintain euhydration during work shifts. However, the impact of fructose sweetened sports drinks on acute kidney injury risk is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sports drink consumption on markers of acute kidney injury following simulated industrial work in the heat. Twenty males completed two matched 2 h simulated industrial work trial visits in a warm and humid environment (30 °C and 55% relative humidity). During and following the bout of simulated work, participants consumed either a commercially available sports drink or a noncaloric placebo. Urine and blood samples, collected pre-, post-, and 16 h post-work were assayed for markers of hydration (plasma/urine osmolality, and urine specific gravity) and acute kidney injury (KIM-1 and NGAL). There were no differences in physiological or perceptual responses to the bout of work (interaction
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-07
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2236708-1
ISSN	1715-5320 ; 1715-5312
ISSN (online)	1715-5320
ISSN	1715-5312
DOI	10.1139/apnm-2023-0393
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Article ; Online: Whole-body cooling effectiveness of cold intravenous saline following exercise hyperthermia: a randomized trial.

McDermott, Brendon P / Atkins, Whitley C

The American journal of emergency medicine

2023 Volume 72, Page(s) 188–192

Abstract: Introduction: In some athletic, occupational, military and emergency settings, cold intravenous (IV) fluids are used to facilitate whole-body cooling in an effort to treat heat illness. This treatment has anecdotal support, but currently lacks evidence ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: In some athletic, occupational, military and emergency settings, cold intravenous (IV) fluids are used to facilitate whole-body cooling in an effort to treat heat illness. This treatment has anecdotal support, but currently lacks evidence supporting it as a whole-body cooling modality. Other modalities may offer superior cooling rates, and thus, patient outcomes following treatment. We sought to evaluate cooling rates of cold-IV normal saline immediately following exercise-induced hyperthermia. Methods: Eight healthy participants (3 females; 25 ± 2y; 72.9 ± 10.9 kg) completed 2 trials in random order. Prior to exercise, participants provided a small urine sample to confirm hydration status via urine specific gravity. Wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was assessed throughout trials. In both trials, participants exercised outdoors until rectal temperature (T Results: Hydration status (P = .847) was not significantly different prior to exercise between trials. WBGT throughout was not different between trials (P = .426). Maximum T Conclusion: Emergency medical personnel should adopt treatment protocols that employ documented effective treatments for exertional heat stroke. In isolation, our data casts significant doubt for the use of cold-IV saline infusion for whole-body cooling of hyperthermic individuals.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Body Temperature/physiology ; Exercise/physiology ; Water ; Hyperthermia, Induced/methods ; Football ; Hot Temperature ; Body Temperature Regulation/physiology
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605890-5
ISSN	1532-8171 ; 0735-6757
ISSN (online)	1532-8171
ISSN	0735-6757
DOI	10.1016/j.ajem.2023.07.053
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Zs.A 2005: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Response on: Whole-body cooling effectiveness of cold intravenous saline following exercise hyperthermia.

McDermott, Brendon P / Atkins, Whitley C

The American journal of emergency medicine

2023 Volume 74, Page(s) 165–166

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Body Temperature/physiology ; Exercise/physiology ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Body Temperature Regulation/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	605890-5
ISSN	1532-8171 ; 0735-6757
ISSN (online)	1532-8171
ISSN	0735-6757
DOI	10.1016/j.ajem.2023.09.030
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Article ; Online: Aging Increases Enterocyte Damage during a 3-Hour Exposure to Very Hot and Dry Heat: A Preliminary Study

Foster, Josh / Mckenna, Zachary J. / Atkins, Whitley C. / Jarrard, Caitlin P. / Crandall, Craig G.

Biology (Basel). 2023 Aug. 04, v. 12, no. 8

2023

Abstract: Profound heat stress can damage the gastrointestinal barrier, leading to microbial translocation from the gut and subsequent systemic inflammation. Despite the greater vulnerability of older people to heat wave-related morbidity and mortality, it is ... ...

Abstract	Profound heat stress can damage the gastrointestinal barrier, leading to microbial translocation from the gut and subsequent systemic inflammation. Despite the greater vulnerability of older people to heat wave-related morbidity and mortality, it is unknown if age modulates gastrointestinal barrier damage and inflammation during heat stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if aging impacted enterocyte damage and systemic inflammatory responses to a 3-h exposure to very hot and dry (47 °C, 15% humidity) heat with accompanying activities of daily living (intermittent activity at 3 METS). Data from 16 young (age 21 to 39 years) and 16 older (age 65 to 76 years) humans were used to address this aim. In each group, log-transformed plasma concentrations of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABPₗₒg), interleukin-8 (IL-8ₗₒg), and tissue factor (TFₗₒg) were assessed as indices of enterocyte damage, systemic inflammation, and blood coagulation, respectively, before and after the 3-h heat exposure. In the younger cohort, I-FABPₗₒg concentration did not increase from pre to post heat exposure (p = 0.264, d = 0.20), although it was elevated in the older group (p = 0.014, d = 0.67). The magnitude of the increase in I-FABPₗₒg was greater in the older participants (p = 0.084, d = 0.55). Across all participants, there was no correlation between the change in core temperature and the change in IFABPₗₒg. There was no change in IL-8ₗₒg in the younger group (p = 0.193, d = 0.23) following heat exposure, but we observed a decrease in IL-8ₗₒg in the older group (p = 0.047, d = 0.48). TFₗₒg decreased in the younger group (p = 0.071, d = 0.41), but did not change in the older group (p = 0.193, d = 0.15). Our data indicate that I-FABPₗₒg concentration (an index of enterocyte damage) is increased in older humans during a 3-h extreme heat exposure. Future studies should determine whether this marker reflects increased gastrointestinal barrier permeability in older individuals during heat exposure.
Keywords	blood coagulation ; fatty acids ; heat ; heat stress ; humidity ; inflammation ; interleukin-8 ; intestines ; morbidity ; mortality ; people ; permeability ; temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0804
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2661517-4
ISSN	2079-7737
ISSN	2079-7737
DOI	10.3390/biology12081088
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Aging Increases Enterocyte Damage during a 3-Hour Exposure to Very Hot and Dry Heat: A Preliminary Study.

Foster, Josh / Mckenna, Zachary J / Atkins, Whitley C / Jarrard, Caitlin P / Crandall, Craig G

Biology

2023 Volume 12, Issue 8

Abstract	Profound heat stress can damage the gastrointestinal barrier, leading to microbial translocation from the gut and subsequent systemic inflammation. Despite the greater vulnerability of older people to heat wave-related morbidity and mortality, it is unknown if age modulates gastrointestinal barrier damage and inflammation during heat stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if aging impacted enterocyte damage and systemic inflammatory responses to a 3-h exposure to very hot and dry (47 °C, 15% humidity) heat with accompanying activities of daily living (intermittent activity at 3 METS). Data from 16 young (age 21 to 39 years) and 16 older (age 65 to 76 years) humans were used to address this aim. In each group, log-transformed plasma concentrations of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2661517-4
ISSN	2079-7737
ISSN	2079-7737
DOI	10.3390/biology12081088
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Sex Differences in Sympathetic Responses to Lower Body Negative Pressure.

Jarrard, Caitlin P / Watso, Joseph C / Atkins, Whitley C / McKenna, Zachary J / Foster, Josh / Huang, Mu / Belval, Luke N / Crandall, Craig G

Medicine and science in sports and exercise

2024

Abstract: Introduction: Trauma-induced hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in prehospital settings. Experimental data demonstrate that females have a lower tolerance to simulated hemorrhage (i.e., central hypovolemia). However, the mechanism(s) underpinning ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Trauma-induced hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in prehospital settings. Experimental data demonstrate that females have a lower tolerance to simulated hemorrhage (i.e., central hypovolemia). However, the mechanism(s) underpinning these responses are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to compare autonomic cardiovascular responses during central hypovolemia between the sexes. We hypothesized that females would have a lower tolerance and smaller increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to simulated hemorrhage. Methods: Data from 17 females and 19 males, aged 19-45, were retrospectively analyzed. Participants completed a progressive lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) protocol to presyncope to simulate hemorrhagic tolerance with continuous measures of MSNA and beat-to-beat hemodynamic variables. We compared responses at baseline, at two LBNP stages (40 mmHg and 50 mmHg), and at immediately before presyncope. In addition, we compared responses at relative percentages (33%, 66%, and 100%) of hemorrhagic tolerance, calculated via the cumulative stress index (i.e., the sum of the product of time and pressure at each LBNP stage). Results: Females had lower tolerance to central hypovolemia (female: 561 ± 309 vs. male: 894 ± 304 minmmHg [timeLBNP]; p = 0.003). At LBNP 40 mmHg and 50 mmHg, females had lower diastolic blood pressures (main effect of sex: p = 0.010). For the relative LBNP analysis, females exhibited lower MSNA burst frequency (main effect of sex: p = 0.016) accompanied by a lower total vascular conductance (sex: p = 0.028; main effect of sex). Conclusions: Females have a lower tolerance to central hypovolemia, which was accompanied by lower diastolic blood pressure at 40 and 50 mmHg LBNP. Notably, females had attenuated MSNA responses when assessed as relative LBNP tolerance time.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603994-7
ISSN	1530-0315 ; 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
ISSN (online)	1530-0315
ISSN	0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
DOI	10.1249/MSS.0000000000003392
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Zs.A 869: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Response to a Water Bolus in Long Term Oral Contraceptive Users.

Atkins, Whitley C / McDermott, Brendon P / Colburn, Abigail T / Kavouras, Stavros A

Frontiers in sports and active living

2022 Volume 4, Page(s) 857719

Abstract: The purpose of our study was to determine the responses to an acute water bolus in long-term oral contraception (OCP) users. Seventeen female volunteers (27 ± 5 y, 64.1 ± 13.7 kg, 39.6 ± 5.9 kg/LBM) provided consent and enrolled in our study. All were ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of our study was to determine the responses to an acute water bolus in long-term oral contraception (OCP) users. Seventeen female volunteers (27 ± 5 y, 64.1 ± 13.7 kg, 39.6 ± 5.9 kg/LBM) provided consent and enrolled in our study. All were long-term OCP users and participated in two trials, one during the active pill (High Hormone, HH) dose of their prescribed OCP and one during the sham pill (Low Hormone, LH) dose. Participants reported to the laboratory euhydrated, were fed breakfast, remained seated for 60 min and were provided a bolus of room temperature water in the amount of 12 mL/kg/LBM. Urine output over 180 min was measured. Nude body mass was measured pre- and post-trial. Urine specific gravity (USG) and urine osmolality were analyzed. Between trials, there were no differences in 3-h total urine volume (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2624-9367
ISSN (online)	2624-9367
DOI	10.3389/fspor.2022.857719
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Article ; Online: Attrition of Well-Healed Burn Survivors to a 6-Month Community-Based Exercise Program: A Retrospective Evaluation.

Atkins, Whitley C / Romero, Steven A / Moralez, Gilbert / Huang, Mu / Cramer, Matthew N / Foster, Josh / McKenna, Zachary J / Crandall, Craig G

Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association

2023 Volume 44, Issue 6, Page(s) 1478–1484

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether burn survivors have lower adherence compared to non-burned control individuals during a 6-month community-based exercise program. In burn survivors, we sought to answer if there was a relation between the ...

Abstract	The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether burn survivors have lower adherence compared to non-burned control individuals during a 6-month community-based exercise program. In burn survivors, we sought to answer if there was a relation between the size of the burn injury and dropout frequency. Fifty-two burn survivors and 15 non-burned controls (n = 67) were recruited for a 6-month community-based (ie, non-supervised), progressive, exercise training program. During the exercise program, 27% (ie, 4 of the 15 enrolled) of the non-burned individuals dropped out of the study, while 37% (ie, 19 of the 52) of the burn survivors dropped out from the study. There was no difference in the percentage of individuals who dropped out between groups (P = .552). There was no difference in size of the burn injury, expressed as percent body surface area burned (%BSA) between the burn survivors that dropped out versus those who completed the exercise regimen (P = .951). We did not observe a relation between %BSA burned and dropouts (log odds = -0.15-0.01(%BSA), B = -0.01, SE = 0.015, P = .541). There was no effect of %BSA burned on the probability of dropout [Exp (B) = 0.991, 95% CI (0.961, 1.020)] and there were no differences in the percentage of individuals who dropped out of the study based on %BSA burned (χ2(1) = 0.44, P = .51). These data demonstrate that burn survivors have similar exercise adherence relative to a non-burned group and the extent of a burn injury does not affect exercise program adherence.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Burns ; Exercise ; Survivors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2224246-6
ISSN	1559-0488 ; 1559-047X
ISSN (online)	1559-0488
ISSN	1559-047X
DOI	10.1093/jbcr/irad063
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Zs.A 6223: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Men's lacrosse protective equipment increases strain during exercise in the heat.

McDermott, Brendon P / Atkins, Whitley C / Kato, Ikuo / Vandermark, Lesley W / Balasubramanian, Mahendran

Journal of science and medicine in sport

2021 Volume 24, Issue 8, Page(s) 837–842

Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine thermoregulatory and cardiovascular effects of wearing men's lacrosse protective equipment during simulated lacrosse activities in the heat.: Design: We conducted a randomized, controlled, ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine thermoregulatory and cardiovascular effects of wearing men's lacrosse protective equipment during simulated lacrosse activities in the heat. Design: We conducted a randomized, controlled, crossover study. Methods: Thirteen healthy men (22 ± 3 y, 76.2 ± 8.9 kg, 181 ± 6 cm, 16.06 ± 6.16% body fat) completed two matched exercise trials in the heat (WBGT: 25.5 ± 0.8 °C). In randomized order, participants donned full men's lacrosse equipment (helmet, shoulder/elbow pads, and gloves) in one trial while the other included no equipment. Participants completed a topography body scan to determine specific body surface area covered with equipment. Rectal temperature (T Results: The equipment covered 32.62 ± 2.53% body surface area in our participants. Post-exercise T Conclusions: Our data indicate impairments in heat dissipation and increased cardiovascular strain imposed by men's lacrosse equipment.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Cross-Over Studies ; Energy Intake ; Heart Rate ; Heat-Shock Response ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Male ; Protective Clothing ; Racquet Sports/physiology ; Skin Temperature ; Sports Equipment ; Sweating ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-28
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	1437829-2
ISSN	1878-1861 ; 1440-2440
ISSN (online)	1878-1861
ISSN	1440-2440
DOI	10.1016/j.jsams.2021.04.011
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Zs.A 4926: Show issues

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Article: Gastrointestinal cell injury and perceived symptoms after running the Boston Marathon.

Kelly, Melani R / Emerson, Dawn M / McDermott, Brendon P / Atkins, Whitley C / Butts, Cory L / Laursen, R Mark / Troyanos, Christopher / Duckett, Andrew / Siedlik, Jacob

Frontiers in physiology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1268306

Abstract: Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are a prevalent cause of marathon related complaints, and in extreme cases can promote life-threatening conditions such as exertional heat stroke. Our aim was to study intestinal cell injury [via intestinal fatty acid ... ...

Abstract	Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are a prevalent cause of marathon related complaints, and in extreme cases can promote life-threatening conditions such as exertional heat stroke. Our aim was to study intestinal cell injury [via intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP)] and perceived GI distress symptoms among marathon runners. We also examined potential risk factors (e.g., inadequate sleep) that could exacerbate GI disturbances in healthy, trained endurance runners. This was a parallel mixed-methods study design. 2019 Boston Marathon participants were recruited via email and subjects completed surveys before the race describing demographics and training history. Participants completed a GI questionnaire to assess presence and severity of symptoms, a survey regarding risk factors (e.g., recent illness, medications) that could promote GI disturbances, and provided a urine sample at three time points (immediately pre-race, post-race, and 24-h post-race). Due to weather, blood samples were only collected immediately and 24-h post-race. A total of 40 runners (males:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564217-0
ISSN	1664-042X
ISSN	1664-042X
DOI	10.3389/fphys.2023.1268306
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