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Thesis ; Online: Making Sense of the Mix

Austin, Crystal L.

Understanding the Role of Family Dynamics in the Racial Identity Experiences of Black-white Emerging Adults

2018

Abstract: As a population, Black-White (B-W) biracial individuals have been relatively overlooked and underserved in the psychological literature. Although some theoretical attention has been paid to the racial identity development of biracial individuals, ... ...

Abstract	As a population, Black-White (B-W) biracial individuals have been relatively overlooked and underserved in the psychological literature. Although some theoretical attention has been paid to the racial identity development of biracial individuals, research is lacking on the psychological processes influencing the identity experiences of these individuals (Rockquemore et al., 2009). Specifically, little is known about how adults’ family-of-origin dynamics influence the racial identity construction process of B-W individuals. The current study was designed to provide a rich understanding of how some B-W biracial emerging adults construct a racial identity when they were raised by monoracial parents. The general research question was: how do Black-White biracial emerging adults view the role of family dynamics in their racial identity experiences? Theories of racial identity (Poston, 1990; Rockquemore & Brunsma, 2002), parental attachment (Ainsworth, 1991), racial socialization (Hughes & Johnson, 2001), and family systems theory (Bowen, 1978; Kerr & Bowen, 1988) were used to inform the study. The research question builds on the relevant literature in that racial identity is viewed as complex and informed by multiple layers of individuals’ identities and environments. Giorgi’s (2009) phenomenological analysis was used to identify salient themes in participants’ narratives in order to develop a rich conceptual understanding of the racial identity construction process for B-W biracial individuals. Initial and follow-up interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 10 B-W emerging adults. The recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed by a coding team. Fourteen sub-themes were identified from the narrative data, organized into three larger themes: Interactions with Family Members Contributed to Individuals’ Experience and Understanding of Race, Experience of Race and Racial Tension Affected Family Dynamics, and How the Family Addressed Racial/Biracial Identity was Influential. The thematic results (e.g., Awareness That Neither Parent Could Fully Relate to the Biracial Experience, Allyship/connectedness with the Parent of Color due to Shared Experiences of Marginalization) were consistent with the literature on the role of racial socialization and family dynamics in racial identity construction. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for theory, practice, and future research with this population.
Keywords	Counseling Psychology
Subject code	940
Language	ENG
Publishing date	2018-01-01 00:00:01.0
Publisher	State University of New York at Albany
Publishing country	us
Document type	Thesis ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Genetic Manipulations of Staphylococcal Chromosomal DNA.

Austin, Crystal M / Bose, Jeffrey L

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2019 Volume 2069, Page(s) 103–111

Abstract: Performing genetic manipulation is often key to understanding bacterial gene function. In this chapter, we present the method of allelic exchange using temperature-sensitive plasmids to generate mutations in Staphylococcus, including single-nucleotide ... ...

Abstract	Performing genetic manipulation is often key to understanding bacterial gene function. In this chapter, we present the method of allelic exchange using temperature-sensitive plasmids to generate mutations in Staphylococcus, including single-nucleotide mutations, insertions, and gene deletions. In addition, this chapter summarizes other key genetic technologies used for the manipulation of S. aureus, including the CRISPR/Cas9 system and complementation.
MeSH term(s)	CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics ; Gene Editing ; Point Mutation ; Staphylococcus aureus/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-4939-9849-4_8
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Article ; Online: Honoring our teachings: children's storybooks as indigenous public health practice.

Maudrie, Tara L / Grubin, Fiona / Conrad, Maisie / Velasquez Baez, Jocelyn / Saniguq Ullrich, Jessica / Allison-Burbank, Joshuaa / Martin, Lisa / Austin, Crystal / Joyner, Joelle / Ronyak, Marcella / Masten, Kristin / Ingalls, Allison / Haroz, Emily E / O'Keefe, Victoria M

Frontiers in public health

2024 Volume 12, Page(s) 1354761

Abstract: Introduction: American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities continue to flourish and innovate in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Storytelling is an important tradition for AIAN communities that can function as an intervention modality. To ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities continue to flourish and innovate in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Storytelling is an important tradition for AIAN communities that can function as an intervention modality. To support the needs of AIAN children and caregivers, we (a collaborative workgroup of Indigenous health researchers) developed a culturally grounded storybook that provides pandemic-related public health guidance and mental health coping strategies woven with Inter-Tribal values and teachings. Methods: A collaborative workgroup, representing diverse tribal affiliations, met via four virtual meetings in early 2021 to discuss evolving COVID-19 pandemic public health guidance, community experiences and responses to emerging challenges, and how to ground the story in shared AIAN cultural strengths. We developed and distributed a brief survey for caregivers to evaluate the resulting book. Results: The workgroup iteratively reviewed versions of the storyline until reaching a consensus on the final text. An AI artist from the workgroup created illustrations to accompany the text. The resulting book, titled Our Smallest Warriors, Our Strongest Medicine: Honoring Our Teachings during COVID-19 contains 46 pages of text and full-color illustrations. An online toolkit including coloring pages, traditional language activities, and caregiver resources accompanies the book. We printed and distributed 50,024 physical copies of the book and a free online version remains available. An online survey completed by Discussion: The development of this storybook provides insights for creative dissemination of future public health initiatives, especially those geared toward AIAN communities. The positive reception and widespread interest in the storybook illustrate how braiding AIAN cultural teachings with public health guidance can be an effective way to disseminate health information. This storybook highlights the importance of storytelling as an immersive learning experience through which caregivers and children connect to family, community, culture, and public health guidance. Culturally grounded public health interventions can be effective and powerful in uplifting AIAN cultural values and promoting health and well-being for present and future generations.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Indians, North American/psychology ; Pandemics ; Alaska Natives ; Public Health Practice ; COVID-19
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2024.1354761
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Article ; Online: Aconitase-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of Helicobacter pylori peptidoglycan deacetylase.

Austin, Crystal M / Maier, Robert J

Journal of bacteriology

2013 Volume 195, Issue 23, Page(s) 5316–5322

Abstract: Some bacterial aconitases are bifunctional proteins that function in the citric acid cycle and act as posttranscriptional regulators in response to iron levels and oxidative stress. We explore the role of aconitase (AcnB) in Helicobacter pylori as a ... ...

Abstract	Some bacterial aconitases are bifunctional proteins that function in the citric acid cycle and act as posttranscriptional regulators in response to iron levels and oxidative stress. We explore the role of aconitase (AcnB) in Helicobacter pylori as a posttranscriptional regulator of the cell wall-modifying enzyme peptidoglycan deacetylase, PgdA. Under oxidative stress, PgdA is highly expressed and confers resistance to lysozyme in wild-type cells. PgdA protein expression as well as transcript abundance is significantly decreased in an acnB mutant. In the wild type, pgdA mRNA half-life was 13 min, whereas the half-life for the acnB strain was 7 min. Based on electrophoretic mobility shift assays and RNA footprinting, the H. pylori apo-AcnB binds to the 3'-untranslated region of the pgdA RNA transcript. Some of the protected bases (from footprinting) were localized in proposed stem-loop structures. AcnB-pgdA transcript binding was abolished by the addition of iron. The acnB strain is more susceptible to lysozyme-mediated killing and was attenuated in its ability to colonize mice. The results support a model whereby apo-AcnB directly interacts with the pgdA transcript to enhance stability and increase deacetylase enzyme expression, which impacts in vivo survival.
MeSH term(s)	Aconitate Hydratase/genetics ; Aconitate Hydratase/metabolism ; Amidohydrolases/genetics ; Amidohydrolases/metabolism ; Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/physiology ; Helicobacter Infections/microbiology ; Helicobacter pylori/enzymology ; Helicobacter pylori/metabolism ; Mice ; Protein Binding ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism
Chemical Substances	RNA, Messenger ; Amidohydrolases (EC 3.5.-) ; Aconitate Hydratase (EC 4.2.1.3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-09-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2968-3
ISSN	1098-5530 ; 0021-9193
ISSN (online)	1098-5530
ISSN	0021-9193
DOI	10.1128/JB.00720-13
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Article ; Online: Aconitase Functions as a Pleiotropic Posttranscriptional Regulator in Helicobacter pylori.

Austin, Crystal M / Wang, Ge / Maier, Robert J

Journal of bacteriology

2015 Volume 197, Issue 19, Page(s) 3076–3086

Abstract: Unlabelled: Posttranscriptional regulation in bacteria has increasingly become recognized as playing a major role in response to environmental stimuli. Aconitase is a bifunctional protein that not only acts enzymatically but also can be a ... ...

Abstract	Unlabelled: Posttranscriptional regulation in bacteria has increasingly become recognized as playing a major role in response to environmental stimuli. Aconitase is a bifunctional protein that not only acts enzymatically but also can be a posttranscriptional regulator. To investigate protein expression regulated by Helicobacter pylori AcnB in response to oxidative stress, a global proteomics study was conducted wherein the ΔacnB strain was compared to the parent strain when both strains were O2 stressed. Many proteins, including some involved in urease activity, in combating oxidative stress, and in motility, were expressed at a significantly lower level in the ΔacnB strain. A bioinformatics prediction tool was used to identify putative targets for aconitase-mediated regulation, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that apo-AcnB is able to bind to RNA transcripts of hpn (encoding a nickel-sequestering protein), ahpC (encoding alkyl hydroperoxide reductase), and flgR (encoding flagellum response regulator). Compared to the wild type (WT), the ΔacnB strain had decreased activities of the nickel-containing enzymes urease and hydrogenase, and this could be correlated with lower total nickel levels within ΔacnB cells. Binding of apo-AcnB to the hpn 5' untranslated region (UTR) may inhibit the expression of Hpn. In agreement with the finding that AcnB regulates the expression of antioxidant proteins such as AhpC, ΔacnB cells displayed oxidative-stress-sensitive phenotypes. The ΔacnB strain has a lesser motility ability than the WT strain, which can likely be explained by the functions of AcnB on the FlgRS-RpoN-FlgE regulatory cascade. Collectively, our results suggest a global role for aconitase as a posttranscriptional regulator in this gastric pathogen. Importance: Bacterial survival depends on the ability of the cell to sense and respond to a variety of environmental changes. For Helicobacter pylori, responding to environmental stimuli within the gastric niche is essential for persistence and host colonization. However, there is much to be learned about the regulatory mechanisms that H. pylori employs to orchestrate its response to different stimuli. In this study, we explore the role of aconitase, a bifunctional protein that has been found to act as a posttranscriptional regulator in several other bacteria. Our results shed light on the magnitude of aconitase-mediated regulation in H. pylori, and we propose that aconitase acts as a global regulator of key genes involved in virulence.
MeSH term(s)	Aconitate Hydratase/genetics ; Aconitate Hydratase/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/physiology ; Helicobacter pylori/enzymology ; Helicobacter pylori/genetics ; Helicobacter pylori/metabolism ; Movement ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional/physiology ; RNA, Bacterial
Chemical Substances	RNA, Bacterial ; Aconitate Hydratase (EC 4.2.1.3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2968-3
ISSN	1098-5530 ; 0021-9193
ISSN (online)	1098-5530
ISSN	0021-9193
DOI	10.1128/JB.00529-15
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Article ; Online: When psychotherapy is indefinite and there is no final outcome: case study of a community mental health clinic.

Friedlander, Myrna L / Austin, Crystal L / Cabrera, Patricia

Psychotherapy (Chicago, Ill.)

2014 Volume 51, Issue 4, Page(s) 580–594

Abstract: Little is known about long-term patients for whom there is no anticipated endpoint to treatment. In this qualitative case study, we used a focus group methodology to understand how psychotherapists at a community mental health clinic work with low-income ...

Abstract	Little is known about long-term patients for whom there is no anticipated endpoint to treatment. In this qualitative case study, we used a focus group methodology to understand how psychotherapists at a community mental health clinic work with low-income adult patients who are seen indefinitely. Narrative themes that emerged from the focus group discussion include the nature of these patients' diagnoses and life problems; the sociocultural contexts in which they live; the kinds of treatment goals and interventions; the internal and external barriers to termination; and how therapists recognize the need to work indefinitely with some patients to keep them alive or functioning in the community. Although a diagnosis of major mental illness was the foremost reason for not planning a termination, participants also mentioned working indefinitely with some higher functioning patients whose lives are perpetually in crisis. Participants emphasized the importance of having a compassionate clinical team and supportive administration for seeing patients indefinitely, even when third party payments end. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for service delivery as well as their implications for future investigations of psychotherapy that has no foreseeable endpoint.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Chronic Disease ; Community Mental Health Centers ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; Middle Aged ; Poverty ; Psychotherapy ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	281564-3
ISSN	1939-1536 ; 0033-3204
ISSN (online)	1939-1536
ISSN	0033-3204
DOI	10.1037/a0036060
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Article: Aconitase-Mediated Posttranscriptional Regulation of Helicobacter pylori Peptidoglycan Deacetylase

Austin, Crystal M / Maier, Robert J

Journal of bacteriology. 2013 Dec. 1, v. 195, no. 23

2013

Abstract	Some bacterial aconitases are bifunctional proteins that function in the citric acid cycle and act as posttranscriptional regulators in response to iron levels and oxidative stress. We explore the role of aconitase (AcnB) in Helicobacter pylori as a posttranscriptional regulator of the cell wall-modifying enzyme peptidoglycan deacetylase, PgdA. Under oxidative stress, PgdA is highly expressed and confers resistance to lysozyme in wild-type cells. PgdA protein expression as well as transcript abundance is significantly decreased in an acnB mutant. In the wild type, pgdA mRNA half-life was 13 min, whereas the half-life for the acnB strain was 7 min. Based on electrophoretic mobility shift assays and RNA footprinting, the H. pylori apo-AcnB binds to the 3′-untranslated region of the pgdA RNA transcript. Some of the protected bases (from footprinting) were localized in proposed stem-loop structures. AcnB-pgdA transcript binding was abolished by the addition of iron. The acnB strain is more susceptible to lysozyme-mediated killing and was attenuated in its ability to colonize mice. The results support a model whereby apo-AcnB directly interacts with the pgdA transcript to enhance stability and increase deacetylase enzyme expression, which impacts in vivo survival.
Keywords	Helicobacter pylori ; aconitate hydratase ; bacteriology ; gel electrophoresis ; half life ; iron ; lysozyme ; messenger RNA ; mice ; models ; mutants ; oxidative stress ; peptidoglycans ; protein synthesis ; proteins ; tricarboxylic acid cycle
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-1201
Size	p. 5316-5322.
Publishing place	American Society for Microbiology
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2968-3
ISSN	1098-5530 ; 0021-9193
ISSN (online)	1098-5530
ISSN	0021-9193
DOI	10.1128/JB.00720-13
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Article ; Online: Contribution of YjbIH to Virulence Factor Expression and Host Colonization in

Austin, Crystal M / Garabaglu, Siamak / Krute, Christina N / Ridder, Miranda J / Seawell, Nichole A / Markiewicz, Mary A / Boyd, Jeffrey M / Bose, Jeffrey L

Infection and immunity

2019 Volume 87, Issue 6

Abstract: To persist within the host and cause disease, ...

Abstract	To persist within the host and cause disease,
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Humans ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics ; Metalloendopeptidases/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Operon ; Oxidoreductases/genetics ; Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/enzymology ; Staphylococcus aureus/genetics ; Staphylococcus aureus/growth & development ; Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism ; Virulence Factors/genetics ; Virulence Factors/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins ; Virulence Factors ; Oxidoreductases (EC 1.-) ; Metalloendopeptidases (EC 3.4.24.-) ; auR protein, Staphylococcus aureus (EC 3.4.24.29)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	218698-6
ISSN	1098-5522 ; 0019-9567
ISSN (online)	1098-5522
ISSN	0019-9567
DOI	10.1128/IAI.00155-19
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Article ; Online: "If those tears could talk, what would they say?" Multi-method analysis of a corrective experience in brief dynamic therapy.

Friedlander, Myrna L / Angus, Lynne / Wright, Scott T / Günther, Cristina / Austin, Crystal L / Kangos, Kelsey / Barbaro, Larissa / Macaulay, Christianne / Carpenter, Naomi / Khattra, Jasmine

Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research

2016 Volume 28, Issue 2, Page(s) 217–234

Abstract: We analyzed master theorist/therapist Hanna Levenson's six-session work with "Ann" in American Psychological Association's Theories of Psychotherapy video series to determine if and how this client had a corrective experience in Brief Dynamic Therapy. ... ...

Abstract	We analyzed master theorist/therapist Hanna Levenson's six-session work with "Ann" in American Psychological Association's Theories of Psychotherapy video series to determine if and how this client had a corrective experience in Brief Dynamic Therapy. First, we identified indicators of a corrective experience in the therapist's and client's own words. Complementing this analysis, we used observational coding to identify, moment by moment, narrative-emotion markers of shifts in Ann's "same old story"; the frequency, type, and depth of immediacy; and the client's and therapist's behavioral contributions to the working alliance. Additionally, we qualitatively analyzed Levenson's session-by-session accounts of the therapy from two sources. Convergent evidence from these multi-method analyses suggested how the intertwined relational and technical change processes seemed to bring about this client's corrective experience. Through consistent attention to the alliance and increasingly deep immediacy, Levenson created a safe space for Ann to "bring down the wall"-by allowing herself to cry and be deeply understood and cared for in a way that she had never before experienced. Concurrently, Ann began seeing herself quite differently, signified by self-identity narrative change. Then, following Session 4, she took Levenson's suggestion to risk behaving more authentically with a friend and with her romantic partner.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Anxiety/therapy ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Psychotherapy, Brief/methods ; Psychotherapy, Psychodynamic/methods ; Qualitative Research ; Stress, Psychological/therapy ; Therapeutic Alliance
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1080323-3
ISSN	1468-4381 ; 1050-3307
ISSN (online)	1468-4381
ISSN	1050-3307
DOI	10.1080/10503307.2016.1184350
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Article: Aconitase-Mediated Posttranscriptional Regulation of Helicobacter pylori Peptidoglycan Deacetylase

Austin, Crystal M. / Maier, Robert J.

Journal of bacteriology

Volume v. 195,, Issue no. 2

Abstract	Some bacterial aconitases are bifunctional proteins that function in the citric acid cycle and act as posttranscriptional regulators in response to iron levels and oxidative stress. We explore the role of aconitase (AcnB) in Helicobacter pylori as a posttranscriptional regulator of the cell wall-modifying enzyme peptidoglycan deacetylase, PgdA. Under oxidative stress, PgdA is highly expressed and confers resistance to lysozyme in wild-type cells. PgdA protein expression as well as transcript abundance is significantly decreased in an acnB mutant. In the wild type, pgdA mRNA half-life was 13 min, whereas the half-life for the acnB strain was 7 min. Based on electrophoretic mobility shift assays and RNA footprinting, the H. pylori apo-AcnB binds to the 3′-untranslated region of the pgdA RNA transcript. Some of the protected bases (from footprinting) were localized in proposed stem-loop structures. AcnB-pgdA transcript binding was abolished by the addition of iron. The acnB strain is more susceptible to lysozyme-mediated killing and was attenuated in its ability to colonize mice. The results support a model whereby apo-AcnB directly interacts with the pgdA transcript to enhance stability and increase deacetylase enzyme expression, which impacts in vivo survival.
Keywords	Helicobacter pylori ; aconitate hydratase ; messenger RNA ; tricarboxylic acid cycle ; gel electrophoresis ; peptidoglycans ; iron ; oxidative stress ; mutants ; mice ; models ; protein synthesis ; lysozyme ; half life ; proteins ; bacteriology
Language	English
Document type	Article
ISSN	0021-9193
Database	AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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