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  1. Article ; Online: A chance encounter in central Texas yields insights on the ecology of aestivating Siren nettingi (Caudata

    Shashwat Sirsi / Ferris E. Zughaiyir / Andrea Villamizar-Gomez / Austin M. A. Bohannon / Michael R. J. Forstner

    Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology, Vol 22, Iss

    Sirenidae)

    2023  Volume 2

    Abstract: Siren spp. are often dominant vertebrates in the wetlands they occupy and are known to estivate when such wetlands dry up. Practical considerationslimit in-situ observations of estivating individuals. On 12 October 2021, we incidentally discovered an ... ...

    Abstract Siren spp. are often dominant vertebrates in the wetlands they occupy and are known to estivate when such wetlands dry up. Practical considerationslimit in-situ observations of estivating individuals. On 12 October 2021, we incidentally discovered an estivating aggregate of Siren nettingi in Bastrop County, Texas, USA. These salamanders were excavated from compact, rocky soil adjacent to a caliche road, at depths that ranged between ~0.2 to 1.5 m. The dominant vegetation at this site included Ulmus crassifolia, Persicaria sp., and various grass species. We recovered 140 individuals of which seven were salvaged and 133 were captured live. We measured 115 of these for snout–vent length (SVL) and observed the aggregate was predominated by juveniles. We estimated an estivation density of 2.33 sirens/m2 that is comparable to densities estimated for non-estivating populations. However, in-lieu of monitoring that was in place for this study, we expect a mass mortality event would have likely occurred. We therefore suggest that roadway construction in preferred habitat be considered as a threat to siren populations.
    Keywords Amphibian ; Conservation ; Dormancy ; Dynamic habitat ; Roadways ; Wetland ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Universidade de São Paulo
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Electronic health record reveals community-level cardiometabolic health benefits associated with 10 years of community-based participatory research.

    Buchanan, Z / Hopkins, S E / Ryman, T K / Austin, M A / Wiener, H W / Tiwari, H K / Klejka, J A / Boyer, B B / Fohner, A E

    Public health

    2024  Volume 232, Page(s) 38–44

    Abstract: Background: While a major goal of community-based participatory research (CBPR) is to improve community health; it is unclear how to measure longstanding success of CBPR.: Objective: We sought to determine the impact of ongoing CBPR on ... ...

    Abstract Background: While a major goal of community-based participatory research (CBPR) is to improve community health; it is unclear how to measure longstanding success of CBPR.
    Objective: We sought to determine the impact of ongoing CBPR on cardiometabolic health of participating communities, including in people not directly participating in research.
    Methods: We used linear mixed-effects modelling with electronic medical records from 2002 to 2012 from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation, which provides health care to all Alaska Native people in southwestern Alaska, to compare rates of change in cardiometabolic risk factors between communities that did and did not participate in ongoing CBPR beginning in 2003.
    Results: We analysed 1,262,035 medical records from 12,402 individuals from 10 study and 38 control communities. Blood pressure declined faster in study than in control communities: systolic blood pressure (0.04 mmHg/year; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01, 0.08); diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (0.07 mmHg/year; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.09). Body mass index increased 0.04 units/year faster in study communities than in control communities (95% CI: 0.03, 0.05). More study visits were associated with faster reduction of DBP and triglyceride levels in study communities.
    Conclusions: Ongoing CBPR may improve overall cardiometabolic health in communities, perhaps by increasing engagement in health and advocacy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 427333-3
    ISSN 1476-5616 ; 0033-3506
    ISSN (online) 1476-5616
    ISSN 0033-3506
    DOI 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.04.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Triglyceride, small, dense low-density lipoprotein, and the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype.

    Austin, M A

    Current atherosclerosis reports

    2000  Volume 2, Issue 3, Page(s) 200–207

    Abstract: This review provides an overview of the recent data evaluating triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size, two highly interrelated, genetically influenced, risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). An examination of new epidemiologic ... ...

    Abstract This review provides an overview of the recent data evaluating triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size, two highly interrelated, genetically influenced, risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). An examination of new epidemiologic studies continues to demonstrate that plasma triglyceride levels predict CVD. The first prospective study of the familial forms of hypertriglyceridemia has shown that relatives in familial-combined hyperlipidemia families are at increased risk for CVD mortality and that triglyceride levels predicted 20-year, CVD mortality among relatives in familial hypertriglyceridemia families. A meta-analysis of three, large-scale, prospective studies in men, and the first study to examine the correlation of LDL particle size distribution and vascular changes measured by B-mode ultrasound, add to growing evidence that small, dense LDL is atherogenic. Quantitative genetic analysis has recently shown substantial pleiotropic (common) genetic effects on triglyceride and LDL size. At least part of this may be explained by variation at the cholesterol ester transfer protein locus on chromosome 16, possibly through its role in reverse cholesterol transport. Taken together, these data provide new insights into the importance of triglyceride and LDL particle size for understanding genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular disease and its prevention.
    MeSH term(s) Cardiovascular Diseases/blood ; Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL/genetics ; Particle Size ; Phenotype ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides/blood ; Triglycerides/genetics
    Chemical Substances Lipoproteins, LDL ; Triglycerides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2000-07-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2057369-8
    ISSN 1523-3804
    ISSN 1523-3804
    DOI 10.1007/s11883-000-0021-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Epidemiology of hypertriglyceridemia and cardiovascular disease.

    Austin, M A

    The American journal of cardiology

    1999  Volume 83, Issue 9B, Page(s) 13F–16F

    Abstract: Epidemiologic studies provide increasing evidence that hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A meta-analysis of 17 population-based studies of triglyceride levels and cardiovascular disease identified a 76% increase in ... ...

    Abstract Epidemiologic studies provide increasing evidence that hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A meta-analysis of 17 population-based studies of triglyceride levels and cardiovascular disease identified a 76% increase in cardiovascular disease risk in women and a 31% increase in men associated with a 1 mmol/L increase in triglyceride levels. Additional epidemiologic studies have shown that plasma triglyceride levels and low-density lipoprotein particle size predict subsequent coronary artery disease. Taken together, the existing epidemiologic data may help identify a group of patients who may benefit from interventions aimed at decreasing triglyceride levels associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV/classification ; Hypertriglyceridemia/complications ; Hypertriglyceridemia/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia/blood ; Myocardial Ischemia/etiology ; Myocardial Ischemia/mortality ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 1999-05-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis
    ZDB-ID 80014-4
    ISSN 1879-1913 ; 0002-9149
    ISSN (online) 1879-1913
    ISSN 0002-9149
    DOI 10.1016/s0002-9149(99)00209-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Plasma triglyceride as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

    Austin, M A

    The Canadian journal of cardiology

    1998  Volume 14 Suppl B, Page(s) 14B–17B

    Abstract: Objectives: To determine whether cardiovascular disease can be predicted from plasma triglyceride levels independent of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.: Data sources and study selection: Seventeen prospective population-based ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To determine whether cardiovascular disease can be predicted from plasma triglyceride levels independent of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
    Data sources and study selection: Seventeen prospective population-based studies, ranging in publication date from 1965 to 1994, were selected based on uniform criteria. Among the studies, 16 were conducted in men, comprising data for more than 46,000 men, with an average follow-up period of more than eight years. The data from women came from five studies, including nearly 11,000 women with an 11-year average follow-up.
    Data extraction: The meta-analysis protocol comprised the following steps: estimating the relative risk of triglyceride for each individual study; standardizing the relative risks to a 1 mmol/l increase; estimating the variance and weighting relative risks by the inverse of the variance, and estimating the summary relative risk by averaging the weighted relative risks.
    Data synthesis: Among studies of men, relative risks ranged from 1.1 to 2.0, and the summary relative risk was 1.32 (P < 0.05). All five studies of women were statistically significant, with relative risks ranging from 1.7 to 2.0. The summary relative risk was 1.76, higher than that for men, indicating a 76% increase in risk for women. For the studies among men in which HDL cholesterol data were available, multivariate adjusted relative risk was attenuated to 1.14 but was still statistically significant. Although only two studies of women included HDL cholesterol adjustments, the summary relative risk for triglyceride remained statistically significant, with a value of 1.37.
    Conclusions: When all available data are taken into account, increased triglyceride level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, independent of HDL cholesterol level. Clinical trials are urgently needed to determine whether lowering plasma triglyceride levels reduces subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease.
    MeSH term(s) Cardiovascular Diseases/blood ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Population Surveillance ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides/blood
    Chemical Substances Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Triglycerides
    Language English
    Publishing date 1998-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632813-1
    ISSN 1916-7075 ; 0828-282X
    ISSN (online) 1916-7075
    ISSN 0828-282X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Triacylglycerol and coronary heart disease.

    Austin, M A

    The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society

    1997  Volume 56, Issue 2, Page(s) 667–670

    Abstract: Based on meta-analysis of prospective studies from the epidemiological literature, TAG is a risk factor for CVD, independent of HDL-cholesterol. The RR values were 1.3 and 1.8 for a 1 mmol/l increase in TAG among men and women respectively. Adjustment ... ...

    Abstract Based on meta-analysis of prospective studies from the epidemiological literature, TAG is a risk factor for CVD, independent of HDL-cholesterol. The RR values were 1.3 and 1.8 for a 1 mmol/l increase in TAG among men and women respectively. Adjustment for HDL-cholesterol and other risk factors attenuated these estimates, but they remained statistically significant. Recent prospective findings from the Stanford Five City Project (Gardner et al. 1996) and the Physicians' Health Study (Stampfer et al. 1996) further demonstrate that TAG and LDL size are highly inter-related risk factors for CHD. Quantitative genetic analysis from large-scale family studies show that these correlations reflect common genetic influences that may be important for understanding genetic susceptibility to CHD.
    MeSH term(s) Coronary Disease/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides/blood
    Chemical Substances Triglycerides
    Language English
    Publishing date 1997-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 391142-1
    ISSN 1475-2719 ; 0029-6651
    ISSN (online) 1475-2719
    ISSN 0029-6651
    DOI 10.1079/pns19970066
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Genetic epidemiology of dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis.

    Austin, M A

    Annals of medicine

    1996  Volume 28, Issue 5, Page(s) 459–463

    Abstract: The clinical relevance of the heterogeneity in the size and density of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles is now widely recognized. The evidence from epidemiological studies, family studies and twins studies demonstrates that small, dense LDL (LDL ... ...

    Abstract The clinical relevance of the heterogeneity in the size and density of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles is now widely recognized. The evidence from epidemiological studies, family studies and twins studies demonstrates that small, dense LDL (LDL subclass phenotype B) is a common, genetically influenced risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Several atherogenic mechanisms have been proposed to explain the association of small, dense LDL with CHD, including evidence that small, dense LDL is an integral feature of the insulin resistance syndrome. Furthermore, a recent study in elderly Finnish men and women has shown that phenotype B prospectively predicts non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In addition, ongoing studies of large Japanese-American kindreds will provide valuable data for evaluating small, dense LDL as a marker for genetic susceptibility to both CHD and NIDDM in a high-risk ethnic group.
    MeSH term(s) Cholesterol, LDL/genetics ; Cholesterol, LDL/physiology ; Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology ; Coronary Artery Disease/genetics ; Coronary Artery Disease/physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; Female ; Finland/epidemiology ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias/complications ; Hyperlipidemias/genetics ; Japan/ethnology ; Male ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Risk Factors ; Twin Studies as Topic ; United States/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Cholesterol, LDL
    Language English
    Publishing date 1996-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1004226-x
    ISSN 1365-2060 ; 1651-2219 ; 0785-3890 ; 1743-1387
    ISSN (online) 1365-2060 ; 1651-2219
    ISSN 0785-3890 ; 1743-1387
    DOI 10.3109/07853899608999108
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Small, dense low-density lipoprotein as a risk factor for coronary heart disease.

    Austin, M A

    International journal of clinical & laboratory research

    1994  Volume 24, Issue 4, Page(s) 187–192

    Abstract: Data from case-control and cross-sectional studies uniformly demonstrate an association between small, dense low-density lipoprotein and risk of coronary heart disease. This relationship may be attributable to the association of small, dense low-density ... ...

    Abstract Data from case-control and cross-sectional studies uniformly demonstrate an association between small, dense low-density lipoprotein and risk of coronary heart disease. This relationship may be attributable to the association of small, dense low-density lipoprotein with other atherogenic lipoproteins, the presence of the insulin resistance syndrome in subjects with small low-density lipoprotein, and/or the increased oxidative susceptibility of small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles. Furthermore, because small low-density lipoprotein appears to be a common trait in the general population, more than one of these atherogenic mechanisms may be operating simultaneously to increase risk of coronary heart disease.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Coronary Disease/epidemiology ; Coronary Disease/etiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance/physiology ; Lipoproteins, LDL/adverse effects ; Lipoproteins, LDL/chemistry ; Lipoproteins, LDL/classification ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Lipoproteins, LDL
    Language English
    Publishing date 1994
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1105907-2
    ISSN 0940-5437
    ISSN 0940-5437
    DOI 10.1007/bf02592460
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Genetic and environmental influences on LDL subclass phenotypes.

    Austin, M A

    Clinical genetics

    1994  Volume 46, Issue 1 Spec No, Page(s) 64–70

    Abstract: There is accumulating evidence that subclasses of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are important in atherosclerosis. Several case-control studies have demonstrated that a predominance of small, dense LDL (LDL subclass phenotype B) is associated with ... ...

    Abstract There is accumulating evidence that subclasses of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are important in atherosclerosis. Several case-control studies have demonstrated that a predominance of small, dense LDL (LDL subclass phenotype B) is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Phenotype B is also consistently characterized by an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype, including increased levels of plasma triglyceride and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Family studies and genetic linkage studies demonstrate that LDL subclasses are influenced by a single major gene effect, although this locus (or loci) remain to be definitively mapped. Twin studies confirm the presence of genetic effects, but also show that non-genetic influences are important. Hypolipidemic drugs, beta-blockers, diet and exercise, in particular, appear to influence the expression of LDL subclass phenotypes. This combination of genetic and environmental influences may provide opportunities to develop targeted intervention strategies to reduce CHD risk among genetically susceptible individuals.
    MeSH term(s) Arteriosclerosis/blood ; Arteriosclerosis/genetics ; Arteriosclerosis/therapy ; Behavior/physiology ; Environmental Health ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood ; Phenotype ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Lipoproteins, LDL
    Language English
    Publishing date 1994-07
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 221209-2
    ISSN 1399-0004 ; 0009-9163
    ISSN (online) 1399-0004
    ISSN 0009-9163
    DOI 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1994.tb04204.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: The Kaiser-Permanente Women Twins Study data set.

    Austin, M A

    Genetic epidemiology

    1993  Volume 10, Issue 6, Page(s) 519–522

    Abstract: The Kaiser-Permanente Women Twins Study began with the establishment of a large registry of twins at Kaiser-Permanente, a managed health care program in Oakland, California. In 1978-79, 434 pairs of women twins, 255 monozygotic and 179 dizygotic, with ... ...

    Abstract The Kaiser-Permanente Women Twins Study began with the establishment of a large registry of twins at Kaiser-Permanente, a managed health care program in Oakland, California. In 1978-79, 434 pairs of women twins, 255 monozygotic and 179 dizygotic, with average age 41 years, were recruited from this registry for a study of coronary heart disease risk factors. Previous analyses of these data have shown moderate heritability for blood pressure and high heritability for lipids, even after adjustment for differential environmental covariance between twin types. For GAW8, the data provided included age, race, weight, height, blood pressure, lipids, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, degree of contact between co-twins, menstrual status, and medication for hypertension. Exam 2 of this cohort was completed in 1989-90 and has recently reported nearly complete heritability for lipoprotein(a).
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Constitution ; California/epidemiology ; Coronary Disease/epidemiology ; Coronary Disease/genetics ; Diseases in Twins/epidemiology ; Diseases in Twins/genetics ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Registries ; Risk Factors ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic
    Language English
    Publishing date 1993
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605785-8
    ISSN 1098-2272 ; 0741-0395
    ISSN (online) 1098-2272
    ISSN 0741-0395
    DOI 10.1002/gepi.1370100631
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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