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Article ; Online: Assessment of Physical Tests in 6–11 Years Old Children

Dai Sugimoto / Andrea Stracciolini / Laura Berbert / Eric Nohelty / Greggory P. Kobelski / Becky Parmeter / Edie Weller / Avery D. Faigenbaum / Gregory D. Myer

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 20, Iss 2552, p

Findings from the Play Lifestyle and Activity in Youth (PLAY) Study

2023 Volume 2552

Abstract: The purpose was to evaluate selected physical tests in children and to compare the outcomes by sex. A cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate children 6–11 years who completed five physical tests: hand grip, vertical jump, sit and reach, Y- ... ...

Abstract	The purpose was to evaluate selected physical tests in children and to compare the outcomes by sex. A cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate children 6–11 years who completed five physical tests: hand grip, vertical jump, sit and reach, Y-balance, and obstacle course (time and score). The outcome measures including test results were descriptively examined and compared by sex. The study participants consisted of 133 children (62 males and 71 females, with a median age of 7.8 years). Girls showed superior sit and reach performance ( p = 0.002) compared with boys. Boys demonstrated better Y-balance scores ( p = 0.007) and faster obstacle time ( p = 0.042) than girls. Sex comparison within three age groups (6–<8 years, 8–<10 years, and 10–<12 years) showed that girls performed better on the sit and reach compared with boys in the in 6–<8 years ( p = 0.009). Boys demonstrated higher Y-balance scores ( p = 0.017) and faster obstacle time ( p = 0.007) compared with girls in the 8–<10-year age group. These data will serve to guide future efforts to evaluate normative measures of physical literacy and guide targeted training interventions to promote sustained physical activity in children with deficits relative to their age and sex norms.
Keywords	exercises ; exercise deficits disorder ; moderate to vigorous physical activity ; physical literacy ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Comparison of Warm-Up Effects on Maximal Aerobic Exercise Performance in Children

Avery D. Faigenbaum / Jie Kang / Michael DiFiore / Caitlyn Finnerty / Andy Garcia / LeeAnn Cipriano / Jill A. Bush / Nicholas A. Ratamess

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 14122, p

2022 Volume 14122

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the warm-up effects of treadmill walking (TW) with a dynamic (DY) bodyweight warm-up on maximal aerobic exercise performance in children. Sixteen children (10.9 ± 1.5 vrs) were tested for peak oxygen uptake (VO 2 peak) ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to compare the warm-up effects of treadmill walking (TW) with a dynamic (DY) bodyweight warm-up on maximal aerobic exercise performance in children. Sixteen children (10.9 ± 1.5 vrs) were tested for peak oxygen uptake (VO 2 peak) on 2 nonconsecutive days following different 6 min warm-up protocols. TW consisted of walking on a motor-driven treadmill at 2.2 mph and 0% grade whereas the DY warm-up consisted of 9 body weight movements including dynamic stretches, lunges, and jumps. Maximal heart rate was significantly higher following DY than TW (193.9 ± 6.2 vs. 191.6 ± 6.1 bpm, respectively; p = 0.008). VO 2 peak (54.8 ± 9.6 vs. 51.8 ± 8.7 mL/kg/min; p = 0.09), maximal minute ventilation (68.9 ± 14.8 vs. 64.9 ± 9.4 L/min; p = 0.27), maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.12 ± 0.1 vs. 1.11 ± 0.1; p = 0.85) and total exercise time (614.0 ± 77.1 vs. 605 ± 95.0 s; p = 0.55) did not differ significantly between DY and TM warm-ups, respectively. These findings indicate that the design of the warm-up protocol can influence the heart rate response to maximal aerobic exercise and has a tendency to influence VO 2 peak. A DY warm-up could be a viable alternative to a TW warm-up prior to maximal exercise testing in children.
Keywords	cardiopulmonary ; dynamic warm-up ; exercise test ; heart rate ; youth ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Effects of Resistance Training on Blood Pressure in Preadolescents and Adolescents

Carles Miguel Guillem / Andrés Felipe Loaiza-Betancur / Tamara Rial Rebullido / Avery D. Faigenbaum / Iván Chulvi-Medrano

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 7900, p

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 Volume 7900

Abstract: The aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the current evidence for the effects of resistance training (RT) on blood pressure (BP) as the main outcome and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents. Two authors systematically searched ... ...

Abstract	The aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the current evidence for the effects of resistance training (RT) on blood pressure (BP) as the main outcome and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents. Two authors systematically searched the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science Core Collection and EMBASE electronic databases. Inclusion criteria were: (1) children and adolescents (aged 8 to 18 years); (2) intervention studies including RT and (3) outcome measures of BP and BMI. The selected studies were analyzed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. Eight articles met inclusion criteria totaling 571 participants. The mean age ranged from 9.3 to 15.9 years and the mean BMI of 29.34 (7.24) kg/m 2 ). Meta-analysis indicated that RT reduced BMI significantly (mean difference (MD): −0.43 kg/m 2 (95% CI: −0.82, −0.03), P = 0.03; I 2 = 5%) and a non-significant decrease in systolic BP (SBP) (MD: −1.09 mmHg (95% CI: −3.24, 1.07), P = 0.32; I 2 = 67%) and diastolic BP (DBP) (MD: −0.93 mmHg (95% CI: −2.05, 0.19), P = 0.10; I 2 = 37%). Limited evidence suggests that RT has no adverse effects on BP and may positively affect BP in youths. More high-quality studies are needed to clarify the association between RT and BP in light of body composition changes throughout childhood and adolescence.
Keywords	children ; youths ; neuromuscular training ; cardiovascular health ; overweight ; obesity ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Effects of Multiple-Joint Isokinetic Resistance Training on Maximal Isokinetic and Dynamic Muscle Strength and Local Muscular Endurance

Nicholas A. Ratamess, Noah A. Beller, Adam M. Gonzalez, Gregory E. Spatz, Jay R. Hoffman, Ryan E. Ross, Avery D. Faigenbaum, Jie Kang

Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 34-

2016 Volume 40

Abstract: The transfer of training effects of multiple-joint isokinetic resistance training to dynamic exercise performance remain poorly understood. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the magnitude of isokinetic and dynamic one repetition- ... ...

Abstract	The transfer of training effects of multiple-joint isokinetic resistance training to dynamic exercise performance remain poorly understood. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the magnitude of isokinetic and dynamic one repetition-maximum (1RM) strength and local muscular endurance increases after 6 weeks of multiple-joint isokinetic resistance training. Seventeen women were randomly assigned to either an isokinetic resistance training group (IRT) or a non-exercising control group (CTL). The IRT group underwent 6 weeks of training (2 days per week) consisting of 5 sets of 6-10 repetitions at 75-85% of subjects’ peak strength for the isokinetic chest press and seated row exercises at an average linear velocity of 0.15 m s-1 [3-sec concentric (CON) and 3-sec eccentric (ECC) phases]. Peak CON and ECC force during the chest press and row, 1RM bench press and bent-over row, and maximum number of modified push-ups were assessed pre and post training. A 2 x 2 analysis of variance with repeated measures and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used for data analysis. The results showed that 1RM bench press (from 38.6 ± 6.7 to 43.0 ± 5.9 kg), 1RM bent-over row (from 40.4 ± 7.7 to 45.5 ± 7.5 kg), and the maximal number of modified push-ups (from 39.5 ± 13.6 to 55.3 ± 13.1 repetitions) increased significantly only in the IRT group. Peak isokinetic CON and ECC force in the chest press and row significantly increased in the IRT group. No differences were shown in the CTL group for any measure. These data indicate 6 weeks of multiple-joint isokinetic resistance training increases dynamic muscle strength and local muscular endurance performance in addition to specific isokinetic strength gains in women.
Keywords	Chest press ; seated row ; strength training ; bench press ; Sports ; GV557-1198.995 ; Sports medicine ; RC1200-1245
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	University of Uludag
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Acute cardiovascular effects of bitter orange extract (pâsynephrine) consumed alone and in combination with caffeine in human subjects: A placeboâcontrolled, doubleâblind study

Ratamess, Nicholas A / Jill A. Bush / Sidney J. Stohs / Nicole L. Ellis / Ira T. Vought / Elizabeth A. O'Grady / Jeremy D. Kuper / Saif B. Hasan / Jie Kang / Avery D. Faigenbaum

Phytotherapy research. 2018 Jan., v. 32, no. 1

2018

Abstract: The purpose was to examine cardiovascular responses to supplementation with pâsynephrine alone and in combination with caffeine during quiet sitting. Sixteen subjects were given (in doubleâblind manner) either 103Â mg of pâsynephrine (S), 233Â mg ... ...

Abstract	The purpose was to examine cardiovascular responses to supplementation with pâsynephrine alone and in combination with caffeine during quiet sitting. Sixteen subjects were given (in doubleâblind manner) either 103Â mg of pâsynephrine (S), 233Â mg of caffeine +104Â mg of pâsynephrine (LCÂ +Â S), 240Â mg of caffeine (LC), 337Â mg of caffeine +46Â mg of pâsynephrine (HCÂ +Â S), 325Â mg of caffeine (HC), or a placebo. The subjects sat quietly for 3Â hr while heart rate (HR) and blood pressure were measured. Only HCÂ +Â S and HC significantly increased mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) during the second hour and tended to increase mean SBP during the third hour. Mean diastolic blood pressure in S was significantly lower than the other trials during the first and second hours, and mean arterial pressure was significantly lower in S compared to the LC, LCÂ +Â S, HC, and HCÂ +Â S trials. No differences were observed in HR. Consumption of pâsynephrine may acutely reduce diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure and not affect SBP or HR during quiet sitting. The addition of pâsynephrine to caffeine did not augment SBP or HR indicating that consumption of up to 104Â mg of pâsynephrine does not induce cardiovascular stress during quiet sitting.
Keywords	Citrus aurantium ; caffeine ; clinical trials ; diastolic blood pressure ; heart rate ; humans ; placebos ; systolic blood pressure
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-01
Size	p. 94-102.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	639136-9
ISSN	1099-1573 ; 0951-418X
ISSN (online)	1099-1573
ISSN	0951-418X
DOI	10.1002/ptr.5953
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Acute hematological and mood perception effects of bitter orange extract (p‐synephrine) consumed alone and in combination with caffeine: A placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study

Bush, Jill A / Avery D. Faigenbaum / Elizabeth A. O'Grady / Ira T. Vought / Jeremy D. Kuper / Jie Kang / Nicholas A. Ratamess / Nicole L. Ellis / Sidney J. Stohs

Phytotherapy research. 2018 Aug., v. 32, no. 8

2018

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine acute hematological and mood perception responses to supplementation with p‐synephrine alone and in combination with caffeine during quiet sitting. Sixteen subjects visited the laboratory on 6 occasions and were ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this study was to examine acute hematological and mood perception responses to supplementation with p‐synephrine alone and in combination with caffeine during quiet sitting. Sixteen subjects visited the laboratory on 6 occasions and were given (in randomized double‐blind manner) 103‐mg p‐synephrine (S), 233‐mg caffeine + 104‐mg p‐synephrine, 240‐mg caffeine, 337‐mg caffeine + 46‐mg p‐synephrine, 325‐mg caffeine, or a placebo (PL). The subjects sat quietly for 3 hr while completing mood state questionnaires every 30 min. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline (pre) and 3 hr (post) to determine immune, lipid, and chemistry panels. Compared with PL, no significant supplement differences were observed during the S trial with the exception of differential time effects seen in hematocrit (decrease in PL, no change in S), triglycerides and very low‐density lipoproteins (no changes in PL, significant decreases in S), and iron (no change in PL, significant elevation in S). Supplements containing caffeine showed increased feelings of attention, excitement, energy, and vigor. These data indicate that consumption of 103‐mg p‐synephrine does not negatively impact acute blood parameters, does not augment the effects of caffeine, or produce stimulant‐like perceptual mood effects.
Keywords	blood composition ; blood sampling ; caffeine ; chemistry ; Citrus aurantium ; emotions ; energy ; hematocrit ; iron ; low density lipoprotein ; placebos ; questionnaires ; triacylglycerols ; vigor
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-08
Size	p. 1593-1607.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	639136-9
ISSN	1099-1573 ; 0951-418X
ISSN (online)	1099-1573
ISSN	0951-418X
DOI	10.1002/ptr.6090
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: RELATIONS OF SELF-APPRAISAL AND MOOD CHANGES WITH VOLUNTARY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CHANGES IN AFRICAN AMERICAN PREADOLESCENTS IN AN AFTER-SCHOOL CARE INTERVENTION

James J. Annesi / Avery D. Faigenbaum / Wayne L. Westcott / Alice E. Smith

Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp 260-

2008 Volume 268

Abstract: There is an increasing prevalence of overweight in preadolescents that predicts physical problems over the lifespan. Physical inactivity has been implicated as an associated factor, with African American youth being at an increased risk. Based on social ... ...

Abstract	There is an increasing prevalence of overweight in preadolescents that predicts physical problems over the lifespan. Physical inactivity has been implicated as an associated factor, with African American youth being at an increased risk. Based on social cognitive theory, and proposed correlates of physical activity in youth, changes over 12 weeks in measures of self-appraisal (general self, physical appearance, physical self-concept, exercise barriers self-efficacy) and mood (tension, vigor), and their relations with voluntary physical activity changes, were assessed within an after-school care physical activity intervention. Participants were volunteers recruited from children already registered for a 12-week segment of YMCA after-school care. The treatment group consisted of 146 African American preadolescents with the control group comprised of 123 African American preadolescents who were scheduled to receive the program during the next sequence that it was offered. Results indicated the intervention group reported significantly more positive self-appraisals, reduced tension, and enhanced vigor. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses indicated that when each of the 4 self-appraisal and 2 mood factors were simultaneously entered into a regression equation, 36% of the variance in voluntary physical activity was explained. Findings support the treatment's association with theoretically based correlates of physical activity in the present sample, and suggest directions for physical activity interventions for youth
Keywords	Physical activity ; exercise ; body mass index ; youth ; health behavior ; Sports ; GV557-1198.995 ; Sports medicine ; RC1200-1245
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	University of Uludag
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: EFFECTS OF PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION ON MUSCULAR PERFORMANCE AND RESTING HORMONAL CHANGES IN COLLEGE FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Jay R. Hoffman / Nicholas A. Ratamess / Jie Kang / Michael J. Falvo / Avery D. Faigenbaum

Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 85-

2007 Volume 92

Abstract: The effect of protein supplementation on athletic performance and hormonal changes was examined in 21 experienced collegiate strength/power athletes participating in a 12-week resistance training program. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a ... ...

Abstract	The effect of protein supplementation on athletic performance and hormonal changes was examined in 21 experienced collegiate strength/power athletes participating in a 12-week resistance training program. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a protein supplement (PR; n = 11) or a placebo (PL; n = 10) group. During each testing session subjects were assessed for strength (one repetition maximum [1-RM] bench press and squat), power (Wingate anaerobic power test) and body composition. Resting blood samples were analyzed at weeks 0 (PRE), 6 (MID) and 12 (POST) for total testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, and IGF-1. No difference was seen in energy intake between PR and PL (3034 ± 209 kcal and 3130 ± 266 kcal, respectively), but a significant difference in daily protein intake was seen between PR (2.00 g·kg body mass[BM]-1·d-1) and PL (1.24 g·kgBM-1·d-1). A greater change (p < 0.05) in the ∆ 1-RM squat was seen in PR (23.5 ± 13.6 kg) compared to PL (9.1 ± 11.9 kg). No other significant strength or power differences were seen between the groups. Cortisol concentrations were significantly lower at MID for PL and this difference was significantly different than PR. No significant changes were noted in resting growth hormone or IGF-1 concentrations in either group. Although protein supplementation appeared to augment lower body strength development, similar upper body strength, anaerobic power and lean tissue changes do not provide clear evidence supporting the efficacy of a 12-week protein supplementation period in experienced resistance trained athletes
Keywords	Sport nutrition ; resistance training ; endocrine ; testosterone ; Sports ; GV557-1198.995 ; Sports medicine ; RC1200-1245
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	University of Uludag
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: EFFECTS OF MAXIMAL SQUAT EXERCISE TESTING ON VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE IN AMERICAN COLLEGE FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Jay R. Hoffman / Nicholas A. Ratamess / Avery D. Faigenbaum / Gerald T. Mangine / Jie Kang

Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 149-

2007 Volume 150

Abstract: Maximal strength and power testing are common assessments that are used to evaluate strength/power athletes. The validity and reliability of these tests have been well established (Hoffman, 2006), however the order of testing may have a profound effect ... ...

Abstract	Maximal strength and power testing are common assessments that are used to evaluate strength/power athletes. The validity and reliability of these tests have been well established (Hoffman, 2006), however the order of testing may have a profound effect on test performance outcome. It is generally recommended that the least fatiguing and highly-skilled tests are performed first, while highly fatiguing tests are performed last (Hoffman, 2006). Recent research has demonstrated that maximal isometric contractions and maximal or near- maximal dynamic exercise can augment the rate of force development, increase jump height and enhance sprint cycle performance (Chiu et al., 2003; French et al., 2003). The use of a maximal or near-maximal activity to enhance strength and power performance has been termed "muscle postactivation potentiation", and appears to be more common in the experienced resistance-trained athletes than in the recreationally-trained population (Chiu et al., 2003). It is believed that postactivation potentiation can enhance muscle performance by increasing the neural signal that activates the muscle (Hamada et al., 2000). Since heavy loading in a similar movement pattern of exercise appears to enhance maximal strength and power performance in the experienced resistance-trained athlete, it may be hypothesized that the postactivation potentiation associated with heavy loading has the potential to augment subsequent performance of tests utilizing similar motion. Therefore, consideration of an appropriate sequence of athletic performance testing in strength and power athletes is warranted. We would like to share our experience on the effect of performing a maximal lower body strength test on vertical jump performance in experienced resistance-trained strength/power athletes.We examined 64 NCAA Division III American collegiate football players (age = 20.1 ± 1.9 yr; body mass = 97.5 ± 17.8 kg; height = 1.80 ± 0.12 m). All testing was performed on the first day of pre-season training camp. All athletes ...
Keywords	Sports ; GV557-1198.995 ; Sports medicine ; RC1200-1245
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	University of Uludag
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The Effects of Supplementation with p-Synephrine Alone and in Combination with Caffeine on Metabolic, Lipolytic, and Cardiovascular Responses during Resistance Exercise

Ratamess, Nicholas A / Avery D. Faigenbaum / Howard B. Miller / Jie Kang / Jill A. Bush / Keith B. Diamond / Megan D. Leise / Sara C. Campbell / Sidney J. Stohs / Vincenzo G. Nocera / William J. Kraemer

Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2016 Nov. 16, v. 35, no. 8

2016

Abstract: Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the metabolic, lipolytic, and cardiovascular responses to supplementation with p -synephrine alone and in combination with caffeine during resistance exercise (RE). Methods : Twelve healthy men ... ...

Abstract	Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the metabolic, lipolytic, and cardiovascular responses to supplementation with p -synephrine alone and in combination with caffeine during resistance exercise (RE). Methods : Twelve healthy men performed a control RE protocol (6 Ã 10 repetitions of squats) and were randomly assigned (using a double-blind crossover design with random protocol sequencing) to a supplement sequence: p -synephrine (S; 100Â mg), p -synephrine + caffeine (SCF; 100Â mg of p -synephrine plus 100Â mg of caffeine), or a placebo (P). Subjects reported to the lab at a standard time, consumed a supplement, sat quietly for 45 minutes, performed the RE protocol, and sat quietly for 30 minutes. Blood samples were collected at rest (T1), after sitting quietly for 45 minutes (T2), immediately following RE (T3), and 15 minutes (T4) and 30 minutes (T5) postexercise. Oxygen consumption (VO â) and heart rate (HR) data were collected throughout. Results: Serum glycerol was significantly elevated at T2 only in S and SCF and T3 to T5 in all treatments. Nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations did not differ between treatments. Plasma glucose was significantly elevated compared to T1 with highest area under the curve values seen in SCF. Mean VO â and energy expenditure (EE) were significantly higher in S and SCF through 30 minutes postexercise. Fat oxidation rates favored S and SCF between 25 and 30 minutes postexercise. Mean HR during RE was significantly highest in SCF. Conclusions: Supplementation with S and SCF increases lipolysis primarily at rest and increases VO â, EE, and fat oxidation rates 30 minutes following RE. No HR changes were observed unless caffeine was added.
Keywords	blood glucose ; blood sampling ; blood serum ; caffeine ; cross-over studies ; data collection ; energy expenditure ; free fatty acids ; glycerol ; heart rate ; lipolysis ; men ; oxygen consumption ; placebos ; strength training
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-1116
Size	p. 657-669.
Publishing place	Routledge
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	603204-7
ISSN	1541-1087 ; 0731-5724
ISSN (online)	1541-1087
ISSN	0731-5724
DOI	10.1080/07315724.2016.1150223
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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