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Article ; Online: Addressing Thalassaemia Management from Patients' Perspectives: An International Collaborative Assessment.

Economidou, Eleftheria C / Angastiniotis, Michael / Avraam, Demetris / Soteriades, Elpidoforos S / Eleftheriou, Androulla

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

2024 Volume 60, Issue 4

Abstract: Background and ... ...

Abstract	Background and Objectives
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Thalassemia/therapy ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Patient Satisfaction ; Adolescent ; Middle Aged ; Blood Transfusion/statistics & numerical data
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2188113-3
ISSN	1648-9144 ; 1010-660X
ISSN (online)	1648-9144
ISSN	1010-660X
DOI	10.3390/medicina60040650
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A deterministic approach for protecting privacy in sensitive personal data.

Avraam, Demetris / Jones, Elinor / Burton, Paul

BMC medical informatics and decision making

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 24

Abstract: Background: Data privacy is one of the biggest challenges for any organisation which processes personal data, especially in the area of medical research where data include sensitive information about patients and study participants. Sharing of data is ... ...

Abstract	Background: Data privacy is one of the biggest challenges for any organisation which processes personal data, especially in the area of medical research where data include sensitive information about patients and study participants. Sharing of data is therefore problematic, which is at odds with the principle of open data that is so important to the advancement of society and science. Several statistical methods and computational tools have been developed to help data custodians and analysts overcome this challenge. Methods: In this paper, we propose a new deterministic approach for anonymising personal data. The method stratifies the underlying data by the categorical variables and re-distributes the continuous variables through a k nearest neighbours based algorithm. Results: We demonstrate the use of the deterministic anonymisation on real data, including data from a sample of Titanic passengers, and data from participants in the 1958 Birth Cohort. Conclusions: The proposed procedure makes data re-identification difficult while minimising the loss of utility (by preserving the spatial properties of the underlying data); the latter means that informative statistical analysis can still be conducted.
MeSH term(s)	Biomedical Research ; Data Anonymization ; Humans ; Privacy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2046490-3
ISSN	1472-6947 ; 1472-6947
ISSN (online)	1472-6947
ISSN	1472-6947
DOI	10.1186/s12911-022-01754-4
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The network limits of infectious disease control via occupation-based targeting.

Avraam, Demetris / Obradovich, Nick / Pescetelli, Niccolò / Cebrian, Manuel / Rutherford, Alex

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 22855

Abstract: Policymakers commonly employ non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the scale and severity of pandemics. Of non-pharmaceutical interventions, physical distancing policies-designed to reduce person-to-person pathogenic spread - have risen to recent ... ...

Abstract	Policymakers commonly employ non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the scale and severity of pandemics. Of non-pharmaceutical interventions, physical distancing policies-designed to reduce person-to-person pathogenic spread - have risen to recent prominence. In particular, stay-at-home policies of the sort widely implemented around the globe in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have proven to be markedly effective at slowing pandemic growth. However, such blunt policy instruments, while effective, produce numerous unintended consequences, including potentially dramatic reductions in economic productivity. In this study, we develop methods to investigate the potential to simultaneously contain pandemic spread while also minimizing economic disruptions. We do so by incorporating both occupational and contact network information contained within an urban environment, information that is commonly excluded from typical pandemic control policy design. The results of our methods suggest that large gains in both economic productivity and pandemic control might be had by the incorporation and consideration of simple-to-measure characteristics of the occupational contact network. We find evidence that more sophisticated, and more privacy invasive, measures of this network do not drastically increase performance.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/prevention & control ; Communicable Disease Control/economics ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Contact Tracing/economics ; Contact Tracing/methods ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control ; Humans ; Occupations/classification ; Pandemics ; Physical Distancing ; Policy ; Principal Component Analysis ; Quarantine/economics ; Quarantine/methods ; Quarantine/trends ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-02226-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Mortality in Cyprus Over the Period 2016-2021.

Avraam, Demetris / Economidou, Eleftheria C / Kountouras, Jannis / Doulberis, Michael / Soteriades, Elpidoforos S

Cureus

2022 Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) e24325

Abstract: Background Mortality in the general population is one of the most robust measures used to examine epidemiological trends over time and especially over periods of public health crises such as the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. ... ...

Abstract	Background Mortality in the general population is one of the most robust measures used to examine epidemiological trends over time and especially over periods of public health crises such as the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methodology In this study, we analyzed information reported by the Cyprus Ministry of Health to the European Statistical Office (Eurostat), which includes weekly all-cause mortality over the period 2016-2021. In addition, we used data collected by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control regarding daily reported COVID-19 cases and COVID-19-related deaths. Results Based on our data analysis, we observed a substantial increase of 9.7% in all-cause mortality in Cyprus in 2021 compared to 2020, with an overall mortality increase of 16.5% in 2021 compared to the mean mortality of the previous five years. Particularly, we documented a sharp increase over the third and the fourth quarters of the year 2021. Conclusions The substantial increase in mortality in Cyprus in 2021 is not entirely explained by COVID-19 deaths and is parallel to the concurrent vaccination campaign. This concerning observation should be comprehensively investigated by the National and European public health authorities to identify and address the underlying causes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.24325
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Leadership and Intention to Leave Among Public Health Sector Physicians in Cyprus: A National Cross-Sectional Study.

Gregoriou, Ioanna / Economidou, Eleftheria Ch / Avraam, Demetris / Soteriades, Elpidoforos S / Papastavrou, Evridiki / Charalambous, Andreas / Stylianides, Antonis / Merkouris, Anastasios

Studies in health technology and informatics

2023 Volume 305, Page(s) 89–92

Abstract: Physician shortage is a major concern in many health care systems globally, while healthcare leadership constitutes one of the most vital factors within human resource management. Our study examined the relationship between managers' leadership styles ... ...

Abstract	Physician shortage is a major concern in many health care systems globally, while healthcare leadership constitutes one of the most vital factors within human resource management. Our study examined the relationship between managers' leadership styles and physicians' intent to leave their current position. In this cross-sectional national survey, questionnaires were distributed to all physicians working in the public health sector of Cyprus. Most demographic characteristics evaluated by chi-square or Mann-Whitney test, were statistically significantly different between those who intended to leave their job and those who did not. The results of our study demonstrated that transformational leadership has a positive influence on retention of physicians in public hospitals, while non leadership infers a negative influence. Developing leadership skills in physician supervisors is of a great importance for organizations to make a large impact on health professionals' retention and overall performance.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cyprus ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Intention ; Public Health ; Physicians
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-19
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1879-8365
ISSN (online)	1879-8365
DOI	10.3233/SHTI230431
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: dsSurvival: Privacy preserving survival models for federated individual patient meta-analysis in DataSHIELD.

Banerjee, Soumya / Sofack, Ghislain N / Papakonstantinou, Thodoris / Avraam, Demetris / Burton, Paul / Zöller, Daniela / Bishop, Tom R P

BMC research notes

2022 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 197

Abstract: Objective: Achieving sufficient statistical power in a survival analysis usually requires large amounts of data from different sites. Sensitivity of individual-level data, ethical and practical considerations regarding data sharing across institutions ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Achieving sufficient statistical power in a survival analysis usually requires large amounts of data from different sites. Sensitivity of individual-level data, ethical and practical considerations regarding data sharing across institutions could be a potential challenge for achieving this added power. Hence we implemented a federated meta-analysis approach of survival models in DataSHIELD, where only anonymous aggregated data are shared across institutions, while simultaneously allowing for exploratory, interactive modelling. In this case, meta-analysis techniques to combine analysis results from each site are a solution, but an analytic workflow involving local analysis undertaken at individual studies hinders exploration. Thus, the aim is to provide a framework for performing meta-analysis of Cox regression models across institutions without manual analysis steps for the data providers. Results: We introduce a package (dsSurvival) which allows privacy preserving meta-analysis of survival models, including the calculation of hazard ratios. Our tool can be of great use in biomedical research where there is a need for building survival models and there are privacy concerns about sharing data.
MeSH term(s)	Biomedical Research/methods ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Privacy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis
ZDB-ID	2413336-X
ISSN	1756-0500 ; 1756-0500
ISSN (online)	1756-0500
ISSN	1756-0500
DOI	10.1186/s13104-022-06085-1
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Synthetic ALSPAC longitudinal datasets for the Big Data VR project.

Avraam, Demetris / Wilson, Rebecca C / Burton, Paul

Wellcome open research

2017 Volume 2, Page(s) 74

Abstract: Three synthetic datasets - of observation size 15,000, 155,000 and 1,555,000 participants, respectively - were created by simulating eleven cardiac and anthropometric variables from nine collection ages of the ALSAPC birth cohort study. The synthetic ... ...

Abstract	Three synthetic datasets - of observation size 15,000, 155,000 and 1,555,000 participants, respectively - were created by simulating eleven cardiac and anthropometric variables from nine collection ages of the ALSAPC birth cohort study. The synthetic datasets retain similar data properties to the ALSPAC study data they are simulated from (co-variance matrices, as well as the mean and variance values of the variables) without including the original data itself or disclosing participant information. In this instance, the three synthetic datasets have been utilised in an academia-industry collaboration to build a prototype virtual reality data analysis software, but they could have a broader use in method and software development projects where sensitive data cannot be freely shared.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2398-502X
ISSN	2398-502X
DOI	10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12441.1
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Article ; Online: Orchestrating privacy-protected big data analyses of data from different resources with R and DataSHIELD.

Marcon, Yannick / Bishop, Tom / Avraam, Demetris / Escriba-Montagut, Xavier / Ryser-Welch, Patricia / Wheater, Stuart / Burton, Paul / González, Juan R

PLoS computational biology

2021 Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) e1008880

Abstract: Combined analysis of multiple, large datasets is a common objective in the health- and biosciences. Existing methods tend to require researchers to physically bring data together in one place or follow an analysis plan and share results. Developed over ... ...

Abstract	Combined analysis of multiple, large datasets is a common objective in the health- and biosciences. Existing methods tend to require researchers to physically bring data together in one place or follow an analysis plan and share results. Developed over the last 10 years, the DataSHIELD platform is a collection of R packages that reduce the challenges of these methods. These include ethico-legal constraints which limit researchers' ability to physically bring data together and the analytical inflexibility associated with conventional approaches to sharing results. The key feature of DataSHIELD is that data from research studies stay on a server at each of the institutions that are responsible for the data. Each institution has control over who can access their data. The platform allows an analyst to pass commands to each server and the analyst receives results that do not disclose the individual-level data of any study participants. DataSHIELD uses Opal which is a data integration system used by epidemiological studies and developed by the OBiBa open source project in the domain of bioinformatics. However, until now the analysis of big data with DataSHIELD has been limited by the storage formats available in Opal and the analysis capabilities available in the DataSHIELD R packages. We present a new architecture ("resources") for DataSHIELD and Opal to allow large, complex datasets to be used at their original location, in their original format and with external computing facilities. We provide some real big data analysis examples in genomics and geospatial projects. For genomic data analyses, we also illustrate how to extend the resources concept to address specific big data infrastructures such as GA4GH or EGA, and make use of shell commands. Our new infrastructure will help researchers to perform data analyses in a privacy-protected way from existing data sharing initiatives or projects. To help researchers use this framework, we describe selected packages and present an online book (https://isglobal-brge.github.io/resource_bookdown).
MeSH term(s)	Big Data ; Computer Security ; Databases, Factual ; Genomics ; Geographic Information Systems ; Humans ; Software
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2193340-6
ISSN	1553-7358 ; 1553-734X
ISSN (online)	1553-7358
ISSN	1553-734X
DOI	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008880
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Privacy preserving data visualizations.

Avraam, Demetris / Wilson, Rebecca / Butters, Oliver / Burton, Thomas / Nicolaides, Christos / Jones, Elinor / Boyd, Andy / Burton, Paul

EPJ data science

2021 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 2

Abstract: Data visualizations are a valuable tool used during both statistical analysis and the interpretation of results as they graphically reveal useful information about the structure, properties and relationships between variables, which may otherwise be ... ...

Abstract	Data visualizations are a valuable tool used during both statistical analysis and the interpretation of results as they graphically reveal useful information about the structure, properties and relationships between variables, which may otherwise be concealed in tabulated data. In disciplines like medicine and the social sciences, where collected data include sensitive information about study participants, the sharing and publication of individual-level records is controlled by data protection laws and ethico-legal norms. Thus, as data visualizations - such as graphs and plots - may be linked to other released information and used to identify study participants and their personal attributes, their creation is often prohibited by the terms of data use. These restrictions are enforced to reduce the risk of breaching data subject confidentiality, however they limit analysts from displaying useful descriptive plots for their research features and findings. Here we propose the use of anonymization techniques to generate privacy-preserving visualizations that retain the statistical properties of the underlying data while still adhering to strict data disclosure rules. We demonstrate the use of (i) the well-known
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2705691-0
ISSN	2193-1127
ISSN	2193-1127
DOI	10.1140/epjds/s13688-020-00257-4
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Article ; Online: On the heterogeneity of human populations as reflected by mortality dynamics.

Avraam, Demetris / Arnold, Séverine / Vasieva, Olga / Vasiev, Bakhtier

Aging

2016 Volume 8, Issue 11, Page(s) 3045–3064

Abstract: The heterogeneity of populations is used to explain the variability of mortality rates across the lifespan and their deviations from an exponential growth at young and very old ages. A mathematical model that combines the heterogeneity with the ... ...

Abstract	The heterogeneity of populations is used to explain the variability of mortality rates across the lifespan and their deviations from an exponential growth at young and very old ages. A mathematical model that combines the heterogeneity with the assumption that the mortality of each constituent subpopulation increases exponentially with age, has been shown to successfully reproduce the entire mortality pattern across the lifespan and its evolution over time. In this work we aim to show that the heterogeneity is not only a convenient consideration for fitting mortality data but is indeed the actual structure of the population as reflected by the mortality dynamics over age and time. In particular, we show that the model of heterogeneous population fits mortality data better than other commonly used mortality models. This was demonstrated using cohort data taken for the entire lifespan as well as for only old ages. Also, we show that the model can reproduce seemingly contradicting observations in late-life mortality dynamics. Finally, we show that the homogenisation of a population, observed by fitting the model to actual data of consecutive periods, can be associated with the evolution of allele frequencies if the heterogeneity is assumed to reflect the genetic variations within the population.
MeSH term(s)	Aging/physiology ; Genetic Heterogeneity ; Humans ; Longevity ; Models, Theoretical ; Mortality ; Population Dynamics
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1945-4589
ISSN (online)	1945-4589
DOI	10.18632/aging.101112
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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