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Article ; Online: Dynamics of the time-fractional reaction-diffusion coupled equations in biological and chemical processes.

Ghafoor, Abdul / Fiaz, Muhammad / Hussain, Manzoor / Ullah, Asad / Ismail, Emad A A / Awwad, Fuad A

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 7549

Abstract: This paper aims to demonstrate a numerical strategy via finite difference formulations for time fractional reaction-diffusion models which are ubiquitous in chemical and biological phenomena. The time-fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo ... ...

Abstract	This paper aims to demonstrate a numerical strategy via finite difference formulations for time fractional reaction-diffusion models which are ubiquitous in chemical and biological phenomena. The time-fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo sense for both linear and nonlinear problems. First, the Caputo derivative is replaced with a quadrature formula, then an implicit method is used for the remaining part. In the linear case, the proposed strategy reduces the time fractional models into linear simultaneous equations. In nonlinear cases, Quasilinearization is utilized to tackle the nonlinear parts. With this strategy, solutions of the fractional system transform into linear algebraic systems which are easy to solve. Next, the Von Neumann method is implemented to examine the stability of the scheme which discloses that the scheme is unconditionally stable. Further, the applicability of the presented scheme is tested with different linear and nonlinear models which include the one dimensional Schnakenberg and Gray-Scott models, and one and two dimensional Brusselator models. To analyze the accuracy of the present technique two norms namely,
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-58073-z
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Article: Analysis of the convective heat transfer through straight fin by using the Riemann-Liouville type fractional derivative: Probed by machine learning.

Waseem / Ullah, Asad / Ali, Sabir / Awwad, Fuad A / Ismail, Emad A A

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) e25853

Abstract: This work aims to analyze the transfer of heat through new fractional-order convective straight fins by using the Riemann-Liouville type fractional derivatives. The convection through the fins is considered in such a way that the thermal conductivity ... ...

Abstract	This work aims to analyze the transfer of heat through new fractional-order convective straight fins by using the Riemann-Liouville type fractional derivatives. The convection through the fins is considered in such a way that the thermal conductivity depends on the temperature. The transformed fractional-order problems are constituted through an optimization problem in such a way that the
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25853
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Article ; Online: Global dynamics and computational modeling approach for analyzing and controlling of alcohol addiction using a novel fractional and fractal-fractional modeling approach.

Li, Shuo / Samreen / Ullah, Saif / Riaz, Muhammad Bilal / Awwad, Fuad A / Teklu, Shewafera Wondimagegnhu

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 5065

Abstract: In recent years, alcohol addiction has become a major public health concern and a global threat due to its potential negative health and social impacts. Beyond the health consequences, the detrimental consumption of alcohol results in substantial social ... ...

Abstract	In recent years, alcohol addiction has become a major public health concern and a global threat due to its potential negative health and social impacts. Beyond the health consequences, the detrimental consumption of alcohol results in substantial social and economic burdens on both individuals and society as a whole. Therefore, a proper understanding and effective control of the spread of alcohol addictive behavior has become an appealing global issue to be solved. In this study, we develop a new mathematical model of alcohol addiction with treatment class. We analyze the dynamics of the alcohol addiction model for the first time using advanced operators known as fractal-fractional operators, which incorporate two distinct fractal and fractional orders with the well-known Caputo derivative based on power law kernels. The existence and uniqueness of the newly developed fractal-fractional alcohol addiction model are shown using the Picard-Lindelöf and fixed point theories. Initially, a comprehensive qualitative analysis of the alcohol addiction fractional model is presented. The possible equilibria of the model and the threshold parameter called the reproduction number are evaluated theoretically and numerically. The boundedness and biologically feasible region for the model are derived. To assess the stability of the proposed model, the Ulam-Hyers coupled with the Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability criteria are employed. Moreover, utilizing effecting numerical schemes, the models are solved numerically and a detailed simulation and discussion are presented. The model global dynamics are shown graphically for various values of fractional and fractal dimensions. The present study aims to provide valuable insights for the understanding the dynamics and control of alcohol addiction within a community.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Alcoholism ; Fractals ; Computer Simulation ; Ethanol ; Behavior, Addictive
Chemical Substances	Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-54578-9
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Article ; Online: A novel approach towards web browser using the concept of a complex spherical fuzzy soft information.

Shao, Wenkai / Hussain, Shoukat / Khan, Sami Ullah / Awwad, Fuad A / Ismail, Emad A A

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 8100

Abstract: The modern technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge, whether in industry or daily life, for goals or purposes. More quickly than any other technological advancement in human history, digital technologies have advanced. The ... ...

Abstract	The modern technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge, whether in industry or daily life, for goals or purposes. More quickly than any other technological advancement in human history, digital technologies have advanced. The technology sector is expanding and provides both new educational opportunities and innovative, exciting products. Right now, one of the most widely used and fascinating technologies is the web browser. This article introduced the novel concepts of complex spherical fuzzy soft relations (CSFSRs) by using the Cartesian Product (CP) of two complex spherical fuzzy soft sets (CSFSSs). Additionally, examples are used to clarify various types of relations. Because it discusses all levels of membership, abstinence, and non-membership with multidimensional variables, the CSFSRs have a detailed structure. The CSFSR-based modelling tools developed in this research, which primarily rely on the score function, can be used to choose the best Web browser. The transaction could be as easy as users sharing records via a functional web browser. Finally, the advantages of this suggested structure are illustrated by contrasting it with alternative structures.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-53783-w
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Article: Role of dietary fiber and lifestyle modification in gut health and sleep quality.

Bacha, Amjad Ali / Suhail, Muhammad / Awwad, Fuad A / Ismail, Emad A A / Ahmad, Hijaz

Frontiers in nutrition

2024 Volume 11, Page(s) 1324793

Abstract: Dietary fiber has an immense role in the gut microbiome by modulating juvenile growth, immune system maturation, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Lifestyle changes might disrupt gut microbiota symbiosis, leading to various chronic diseases with underlying ... ...

Abstract	Dietary fiber has an immense role in the gut microbiome by modulating juvenile growth, immune system maturation, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Lifestyle changes might disrupt gut microbiota symbiosis, leading to various chronic diseases with underlying inflammatory conditions, obesity, and its associated pathologies. An interventional study of 16 weeks examined the impact of psyllium husk fiber with and without lifestyle modification on gut health and sleep quality in people with central obesity (men = 60 and women = 60), those aged from 40 to 60 years, those having WC ≥ 90 cm (men) and WC ≥ 80 cm (women), and no history of any chronic disease or regular medication. The participants were subgrouped into three intervention groups, namely, the psyllium husk fiber (PSH) group, the lifestyle modification (LSM) group, and the LSM&PSH group and control group with equal gender bifurcation (men = 15 and women = 15). A 24-h dietary recall, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) symptoms, and sleep quality analysis data were collected on validated questionnaires. The analyses of variance and covariance were used for baseline and post-intervention, respectively. Student's
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2776676-7
ISSN	2296-861X
ISSN	2296-861X
DOI	10.3389/fnut.2024.1324793
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Article: New evidence of gender inequality during COVID-19 outbreak in the Middle East and North Africa.

Abdel-Rahman, Suzan / Awwad, Fuad A / Qasim, Muhammad / Abonazel, Mohamed R

Heliyon

2023 Volume 9, Issue 7, Page(s) e17705

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered employment and income distribution, impacting women and men differently. This study investigates the negative effects of COVID-19 on the labour market, focusing on the gender gap in five countries in the ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered employment and income distribution, impacting women and men differently. This study investigates the negative effects of COVID-19 on the labour market, focusing on the gender gap in five countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The study indicates whether women are more susceptible to losing their jobs, either temporarily or permanently, switching their primary occupation, and experiencing decreased working hours and income compared to men during the COVID-19 outbreak. The study utilizes a multivariate Probit model to estimate the relationship between gender and adverse labour outcomes controlling for correlations among outcomes. Data are obtained from the Combined COVID-19 MENA Monitor Household Survey, covering Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Jordan, and Sudan. The findings of this study offer empirical evidence of the gender gap in labour market outcomes during the pandemic. Women are more likely than men to experience negative work outcomes, such as permanent job loss and change in their main job. The increased childcare and housework responsibilities have significantly impacted women's labour market outcomes during the pandemic. However, the availability of telework has reduced the likelihood of job loss among women. The study's results contribute to a better understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on gender inequality in understudied MENA countries. Mitigation policies should focus on supporting vulnerable women who have experienced disproportionate negative effects of COVID-19.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17705
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Article ; Online: Estimating equivalence scales and non-food needs in Egypt: Parametric and semiparametric regression modeling.

Awwad, Fuad A / Abdel-Rahman, Suzan / Abonazel, Mohamed R

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 8, Page(s) e0256017

Abstract: This paper investigated the appropriate specifications of Engel curves for non-food expenditure categories and estimated the deprivation indices of non-food needs in rural areas using a semi parametric examination of the presence of saturation points. ... ...

Abstract	This paper investigated the appropriate specifications of Engel curves for non-food expenditure categories and estimated the deprivation indices of non-food needs in rural areas using a semi parametric examination of the presence of saturation points. The study used the extended partial linear model (EPLM) and adopted two estimation methods-the double residual estimator and differencing estimator-to obtain flexible shapes across different expenditure categories and estimate equivalence scales. We drew on data of the Egyptian Household Income, Expenditure, and Consumption Survey (HIEC). Our paper provides empirical evidence that the rankings of most non-food expenditure categories is of rank three at most. Rural households showed high economies of scale in non-food consumption, with child's needs accounting for only 10% of adult's non-food needs. Based on semi-parametrically estimated consumption behavior, the tendency of non-food expenditure categories to saturate did not emerge. While based on parametrically estimated consumption behavior, rural areas exhibited higher deprivation indices in terms of health and education expenditure categories, which indicates the need to design specific programs economically targeting such vulnerable households.
MeSH term(s)	Consumer Behavior ; Economics/statistics & numerical data ; Economics/trends ; Egypt ; Equipment and Supplies Utilization/statistics & numerical data ; Equipment and Supplies Utilization/trends ; Family Characteristics ; Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data ; Health Expenditures/trends ; Humans ; Income/statistics & numerical data ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data ; Socioeconomic Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0256017
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Article ; Online: Estimating COVID-19 cases in Makkah region of Saudi Arabia: Space-time ARIMA modeling.

Awwad, Fuad A / Mohamoud, Moataz A / Abonazel, Mohamed R

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) e0250149

Abstract: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 is spreading across the globe. By 30 Sep 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the number of cases worldwide had reached 34 million with more than one million deaths. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) ... ...

Abstract	The novel coronavirus COVID-19 is spreading across the globe. By 30 Sep 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the number of cases worldwide had reached 34 million with more than one million deaths. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) registered the first case of COVID-19 on 2 Mar 2020. Since then, the number of infections has been increasing gradually on a daily basis. On 20 Sep 2020, the KSA reported 334,605 cases, with 319,154 recoveries and 4,768 deaths. The KSA has taken several measures to control the spread of COVID-19, especially during the Umrah and Hajj events of 1441, including stopping Umrah and performing this year's Hajj in reduced numbers from within the Kingdom, and imposing a curfew on the cities of the Kingdom from 23 Mar to 28 May 2020. In this article, two statistical models were used to measure the impact of the curfew on the spread of COVID-19 in KSA. The two models are Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and Spatial Time-Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (STARIMA) model. We used the data obtained from 31 May to 11 October 2020 to assess the model of STARIMA for the COVID-19 confirmation cases in (Makkah, Jeddah, and Taif) in KSA. The results show that STARIMA models are more reliable in forecasting future epidemics of COVID-19 than ARIMA models. We demonstrated the preference of STARIMA models over ARIMA models during the period in which the curfew was lifted.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/statistics & numerical data ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Models, Statistical ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0250149
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Article ; Online: Enhancing tribo-mechanical, microstructural morphology, and corrosion performance of AZ91D-magnesium composites through the synergistic reinforcements of silicon nitride and waste glass powder.

Sharma, Shubham / Dwivedi, Shashi Prakash / Kumar, Abhinav / Awwad, Fuad A / Khan, M Ijaz / Ismail, Emad A A

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 3217

Abstract: The present investigation has employed recycled waste glass powder (WGP) and silicon nitride ( ... ...

Abstract	The present investigation has employed recycled waste glass powder (WGP) and silicon nitride (Si
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-52804-y
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Article: Provenance, diagenesis, and depositional environment of Miocene Kamlial Formation, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Sub Himalayas, Pakistan: Evidences from field observations and petrography.

Khan, Musa / Khan, Rehan / Islam, Shams Ul / Khan, Asad / Zhong, Yanmei / Awwad, Fuad A / Ismail, Emad A A

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) e24309

Abstract: Petrographical characterization and field observations were caried out to evaluate Kamlial Formation in Bagh district, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Based on detailed petrography, the lithic arenite consisted of quartz (20-25%), feldspar (7-11%), rock ... ...

Abstract	Petrographical characterization and field observations were caried out to evaluate Kamlial Formation in Bagh district, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Based on detailed petrography, the lithic arenite consisted of quartz (20-25%), feldspar (7-11%), rock fragments (20-37%), cementing materials (11-21%), and accessory minerals. Grains are mostly angular to subrounded and poorly to moderately sorted. The analysis revealed that the lithic arenite is mineralogically immature; also, the current activity during the time of deposition was low. Polycrystalline quartz indicates that the sandstone was derived from metamorphic source, while monocrystalline quartz indicates a granitic origin. Quartz having an angular shape suggests the source rock was near the depositional site, while quartz having a rounded shape represents long transportation. The presence of feldspar in the lithic arenite suggests the rocks were deposited at high relief or cold temperatures. Primary porosity in sandstone was reduced by calcite cements around the grain, while secondary porosity was developed by fracturing of quartz and feldspar. Tectonic uplift in the study area was demonstrated by fractured quartz and mica in thin sections. Field observations of various sedimentary structures were observed such as load casts, ripple marks, and mud cracks, etc. The presence of conglomerates and load casts in the study area indicates that the Kamlial sandstone was deposited by fluvial and shallow marine environment. Furthermore, the ripple marks indicate that the tidal flat environment controlled the deposition of the sediments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24309
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