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Artikel ; Online: Change in Splenic Volume as a Surrogate Marker for Immunotherapy Response in Patients with Advanced Urothelial and Renal Cell Carcinoma—Evaluation of a Novel Approach of Fully Automated Artificial Intelligence Based Splenic Segmentation

Gregor Duwe / Lukas Müller / Christian Ruckes / Nikita Dhruva Fischer / Lisa Johanna Frey / Jan Hendrik Börner / Niklas Rölz / Maximilian Haack / Peter Sparwasser / Tobias Jorg / Christopher C. M. Neumann / Igor Tsaur / Thomas Höfner / Axel Haferkamp / Felix Hahn / Rene Mager / Maximilian Peter Brandt

Biomedicines, Vol 11, Iss 2482, p

2023 Band 2482

Abstract: Background: In the treatment of advanced urothelial (aUC) and renal cell carcinoma (aRCC), biomarkers such as PD-1 and PD-L1 are not robust prognostic markers for immunotherapy (IO) response. Previously, a significant association between IO and a change ... ...

Abstract	Background: In the treatment of advanced urothelial (aUC) and renal cell carcinoma (aRCC), biomarkers such as PD-1 and PD-L1 are not robust prognostic markers for immunotherapy (IO) response. Previously, a significant association between IO and a change in splenic volume (SV) was described for several tumour entities. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first correlation of SV to IO in aUC and aRCC. Methods: All patients with aUC (05/2017–10/2021) and aRCC (01/2012–05/2022) treated with IO at our academic centre were included. SV was measured at baseline, 3 and 9 months after initiation of IO using an in-house developed convolutional neural network-based spleen segmentation method. Uni- and multivariate Cox regression models for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were used. Results: In total, 35 patients with aUC and 30 patients with aRCC were included in the analysis. Lower SV at the three-month follow-up was significantly associated with improved OS in the aRCC group. Conclusions: We describe a new, innovative artificial intelligence-based approach of a radiological surrogate marker for IO response in aUC and aRCC which presents a promising new predictive imaging marker. The data presented implicate improved OS with lower follow-up SV in patients with aRCC.
Schlagwörter	advanced urothelial carcinoma ; advanced renal cell carcinoma ; immunotherapy ; immune checkpoint inhibitor ; prognostic marker ; predictive marker ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	616
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	MDPI AG
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: High–Normal Preoperative Potassium Level Is Associated with Reduced 30–Day Morbidity and Shorter Hospital Stay after Radical Cystectomy

Hendrik Borgmann / Mohamed M. Kamal / Anna Metzger / Robert Dotzauer / Nikita Fischer / Peter Sparwasser / Wolfgang Jäger / Igor Tsaur / Axel Haferkamp / Thomas Höfner

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 1174, p

2022 Band 1174

Abstract: Background: Radical cystectomy has high complication rates and, consequently, a high socioeconomic burden. The association between preoperative electrolyte levels and postoperative outcomes after radical cystectomy has not been investigated. Therefore, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Radical cystectomy has high complication rates and, consequently, a high socioeconomic burden. The association between preoperative electrolyte levels and postoperative outcomes after radical cystectomy has not been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between preoperative potassium level and clinical (30-day morbidity) and economical (length of hospital stay) postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated clinical data of 317 patients who had undergone radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine whether preoperative patient clinical factors influence clinical (30-day morbidity according to the Clavien-Dindo classification) and economical (length of hospital stay) postoperative outcomes. Results: In univariate analysis, low Charlson comorbidity score ( p = 0.011), low ASA score (p = 0.015), no aspirin intake ( p = 0.048) and high-normal preoperative potassium level ( p = 0.034) were associated with reduced 30-day morbidity. In multivariate analysis, only high preoperative potassium remained an independent predictive factor for a reduced risk of postoperative complications (odds ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval (0.48, 0.92), p = 0.014). Furthermore, high-normal preoperative potassium was the only preoperative factor associated with a shorter hospital stay ≤21 days ( p = 0.007). Conclusions: High-normal preoperative potassium level was associated with better clinical (lower 30-day morbidity) and economical (shorter hospital stay) outcomes in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. We recommend that a randomized controlled trial be performed to investigate whether there is a causal relationship between preoperative potassium supplementation and postoperative complications and length of hospital stay.
Schlagwörter	electrolytes ; bladder cancer ; urothelial carcinoma ; cystectomy ; potassium ; Medicine ; R
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	616
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	MDPI AG
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Amygdalin Exerts Antitumor Activity in Taxane-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells

Igor Tsaur / Anita Thomas / Michelle Monecke / Marion Zugelder / Jochen Rutz / Timothy Grein / Sebastian Maxeiner / Hui Xie / Felix K.-H. Chun / Florian Rothweiler / Jindrich Cinatl / Martin Michaelis / Axel Haferkamp / Roman A. Blaheta

Cancers, Vol 14, Iss 3111, p

2022 Band 3111

Abstract: Despite recent advances in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), resistance development after taxane treatments is inevitable, necessitating effective options to combat drug resistance. Previous studies indicated antitumoral properties of ... ...

Abstract	Despite recent advances in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), resistance development after taxane treatments is inevitable, necessitating effective options to combat drug resistance. Previous studies indicated antitumoral properties of the natural compound amygdalin. However, whether amygdalin acts on drug-resistant tumor cells remains questionable. An in vitro study was performed to investigate the influence of amygdalin (10 mg/mL) on the growth of a panel of therapy-naïve and docetaxel- or cabazitaxel-resistant PCa cell lines (PC3, DU145, and LNCaP cells). Tumor growth, proliferation, clonal growth, and cell cycle progression were investigated. The cell cycle regulating proteins (phospho)cdk1, (phospho)cdk2, cyclin A, cyclin B, p21, and p27 and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway proteins (phospho)Akt, (phospho)Raptor, and (phospho)Rictor as well as integrin β1 and the cytoskeletal proteins vimentin, ezrin, talin, and cytokeratin 8/18 were assessed. Furthermore, chemotactic activity and adhesion to extracellular matrix components were analyzed. Amygdalin dose-dependently inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor clones in all (parental and resistant) PCa cell lines, accompanied by a G0/G1 phase accumulation. Cell cycle regulating proteins were significantly altered by amygdalin. A moderate influence of amygdalin on tumor cell adhesion and chemotaxis was observed as well, paralleled by modifications of cytoskeletal proteins and the integrin β1 expression level. Amygdalin may, therefore, block tumor growth and disseminative characteristics of taxane-resistant PCa cells. Further studies are warranted to determine amygdalin’s value as an antitumor drug.
Schlagwörter	prostate cancer ; resistant cell lines ; complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) ; amygdalin ; docetaxel ; cabozantinib ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	MDPI AG
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Artesunate Inhibits Growth of Sunitinib-Resistant Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells through Cell Cycle Arrest and Induction of Ferroptosis

Sascha D. Markowitsch / Patricia Schupp / Julia Lauckner / Olesya Vakhrusheva / Kimberly S. Slade / René Mager / Thomas Efferth / Axel Haferkamp / Eva Juengel

Cancers, Vol 12, Iss 3150, p

2020 Band 3150

Abstract: Although innovative therapeutic concepts have led to better treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), efficacy is still limited due to the tumor developing resistance to applied drugs. Artesunate (ART) has demonstrated anti-tumor effects in ... ...

Abstract	Although innovative therapeutic concepts have led to better treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), efficacy is still limited due to the tumor developing resistance to applied drugs. Artesunate (ART) has demonstrated anti-tumor effects in different tumor entities. This study was designed to investigate the impact of ART (1–100 µM) on the sunitinib-resistant RCC cell lines, Caki-1, 786-O, KTCTL26, and A-498. Therapy-sensitive (parental) and untreated cells served as controls. ART’s impact on tumor cell growth, proliferation, clonogenic growth, apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, and metabolic activity was evaluated. Cell cycle distribution, the expression of cell cycle regulating proteins, p53, and the occurrence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated. ART significantly increased cytotoxicity and inhibited proliferation and clonogenic growth in both parental and sunitinib-resistant RCC cells. In Caki-1, 786-O, and A-498 cell lines growth inhibition was associated with G0/G1 phase arrest and distinct modulation of cell cycle regulating proteins. KTCTL-26 cells were mainly affected by ART through ROS generation, ferroptosis, and decreased metabolism. p53 exclusively appeared in the KTCTL-26 cells, indicating that p53 might be predictive for ART-dependent ferroptosis. Thus, ART may hold promise for treating selected patients with advanced and even therapy-resistant RCC.
Schlagwörter	renal cell carcinoma (RCC) ; sunitib resistance ; artesunate (ART) ; Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ; growth inhibition ; ferroptosis ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	MDPI AG
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Artesunate Inhibits the Growth Behavior of Docetaxel-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells

Olesya Vakhrusheva / Holger H. H. Erb / Vitus Bräunig / Sascha D. Markowitsch / Patricia Schupp / Patrick C. Baer / Kimberly Sue Slade / Anita Thomas / Igor Tsaur / Martin Puhr / Zoran Culig / Jindrich Cinatl / Martin Michaelis / Thomas Efferth / Axel Haferkamp / Eva Juengel

Frontiers in Oncology, Vol

2022 Band 12

Abstract: Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for advanced metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Phytochemicals used in Traditional Chinese Medicine seem to exhibit tumor suppressive properties. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of artesunate (ART) on ... ...

Abstract	Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for advanced metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Phytochemicals used in Traditional Chinese Medicine seem to exhibit tumor suppressive properties. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of artesunate (ART) on the progressive growth of therapy-sensitive (parental) and docetaxel (DX)-resistant PCa cells was investigated. Parental and DX-resistant PCa cell lines DU145, PC3, and LNCaP were incubated with artesunate (ART) [1-100 µM]. ART-untreated and ‘non-cancerous’ cells served as controls. Cell growth, proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell death and the expression of involved proteins were evaluated. ART, dose- and time-dependently, significantly restricted cell growth and proliferation of parental and DX-resistant PCa cells, but not of ‘normal, non-cancerous’ cells. ART-induced growth and proliferation inhibition was accompanied by G0/G1 phase arrest and down-regulation of cell cycle activating proteins in all DX-resistant PCa cells and parental LNCaP. In the parental and DX-resistant PC3 and LNCaP cell lines, ART also promoted apoptotic cell death. Ferroptosis was exclusively induced by ART in parental and DX-resistant DU145 cells by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The anti-cancer activity displayed by ART took effect in all three PCa cell lines, but through different mechanisms of action. Thus, in advanced PCa, ART may hold promise as a complementary treatment together with conventional therapy.
Schlagwörter	prostate cancer (PCa) ; docetaxel (DX) resistance ; artesunate (ART) ; Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ; growth inhibition ; apoptosis ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Frontiers Media S.A.
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: PIAS1 is not suitable as a urothelial carcinoma biomarker protein and pharmacological target.

Holger Hans Hermann Erb / Marlies Ebert / Ronja Kuhn / Lukas Donix / Axel Haferkamp / Robert Ian Seed / Eva Jüngel

PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 10, p e

2019 Band 0224085

Abstract: Urothelial cancer (UC) is one of the most common cancers in Europe and is also one of the costliest to treat. When first line therapies show initial success, around 50% of cancers relapse and proceed to metastasis. In this study we assessed the Protein ... ...

Abstract	Urothelial cancer (UC) is one of the most common cancers in Europe and is also one of the costliest to treat. When first line therapies show initial success, around 50% of cancers relapse and proceed to metastasis. In this study we assessed the Protein inhibitor of activated signal transducers and activators of transcription (PIAS)1 as a potential therapeutic target in urothelial cancer. PIAS1 is a key regulator of STAT1 signalling and may be implicated in carcinogenesis. In contrast to other cancer types PIAS1 protein expression is not significantly different in malignant areas of UC specimens compared to non-malignant tissue. In addition, we found that down-regulation and overexpression of PIAS1 had no effect on the viability or colony forming ability of tested cell lines. Whilst other studies of PIAS1 suggest an important biological role in cancer, this study shows that PIAS1 has no influence on reducing the cytotoxic effects of Cisplatin or cell recovery after DNA damage induced by irradiation. Taken together, these in vitro data demonstrate that PIAS1 is not a promising therapeutic target in UC cancer as previously shown in different entities such as prostate cancer (PCa).
Schlagwörter	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	616
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Shikonin Reduces Growth of Docetaxel-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells Mainly through Necroptosis

Sascha D. Markowitsch / Kira M. Juetter / Patricia Schupp / Kristine Hauschulte / Olesya Vakhrusheva / Kimberly Sue Slade / Anita Thomas / Igor Tsaur / Jindrich Cinatl / Martin Michaelis / Thomas Efferth / Axel Haferkamp / Eva Juengel

Cancers, Vol 13, Iss 4, p

2021 Band 882

Abstract: The prognosis for advanced prostate carcinoma (PCa) remains poor due to development of therapy resistance, and new treatment options are needed. Shikonin (SHI) from Traditional Chinese Medicine has induced antitumor effects in diverse tumor entities, but ...

Abstract	The prognosis for advanced prostate carcinoma (PCa) remains poor due to development of therapy resistance, and new treatment options are needed. Shikonin (SHI) from Traditional Chinese Medicine has induced antitumor effects in diverse tumor entities, but data related to PCa are scarce. Therefore, the parental (=sensitive) and docetaxel (DX)-resistant PCa cell lines, PC3, DU145, LNCaP, and 22Rv1 were exposed to SHI [0.1–1.5 μM], and tumor cell growth, proliferation, cell cycling, cell death (apoptosis, necrosis, and necroptosis), and metabolic activity were evaluated. Correspondingly, the expression of regulating proteins was assessed. Exposure to SHI time- and dose-dependently inhibited tumor cell growth and proliferation in parental and DX-resistant PCa cells, accompanied by cell cycle arrest in the G2/M or S phase and modulation of cell cycle regulating proteins. SHI induced apoptosis and more dominantly necroptosis in both parental and DX-resistant PCa cells. This was shown by enhanced pRIP1 and pRIP3 expression and returned growth if applying the necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1. No SHI-induced alteration in metabolic activity of the PCa cells was detected. The significant antitumor effects induced by SHI to parental and DX-resistant PCa cells make the addition of SHI to standard therapy a promising treatment strategy for patients with advanced PCa.
Schlagwörter	prostate cancer (PCa) ; docetaxel (DX) resistance ; shikonin (SHI) ; Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ; growth inhibition ; apoptosis ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	610
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	MDPI AG
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Is the Standard Artificial Urinary Sphincter AMS 800 Still a Treatment Option for the Irradiated Male Patient Presenting with a Devastated Bladder Outlet?

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 4002, p

2023 Band 4002

Abstract: Background: Circular urethral compression with an artificial sphincter allows control of voiding, even in patients with severe stress urinary incontinence, but it heightens the risk of urethral atrophy and erosion. This study of one of the largest ... ...

Abstract	Background: Circular urethral compression with an artificial sphincter allows control of voiding, even in patients with severe stress urinary incontinence, but it heightens the risk of urethral atrophy and erosion. This study of one of the largest populations of patients treated with radiotherapy investigates the additive effect of the post-radiogenic stricture of the membranous urethra/bladder neck on AMS 800 artificial urinary sphincter outcomes. Methods: In a retrospective multicenter cohort study, we analyzed patients fitted with an AMS 800, comparing those who had received radiotherapy with patients presenting a devastated bladder outlet (stricture of the membranous urethra/bladder neck). We determined the correlation between these groups of patients using both univariate and stepwise adjusted multivariate regression. The revision-free interval was estimated by a Kaplan–Meier plot and compared by applying the log-rank test. A p value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 123 irradiated patients we identified, 62 (50.4%) had undergone at least one prior desobstruction for bladder-neck/urethra stenosis. After a mean follow-up of 21 months, the latter tended to achieve social continence less frequently (25.7% vs. 35%; p = 0.08). Revision was required significantly more often for this group (43.1% vs. 26.3%; p = 0.05) due to urethral erosion in 18 of 25 cases. A stenosis recurred in five cases; desobstruction was performed in two cases, leading to erosion in both. Multivariate analysis revealed a significantly higher risk of revision when recurrent stenosis necessitated at least two prior desobstructions (HR 2.8; p = 0.003). Conclusions: A devastated bladder outlet is associated with a lower proportion of men with social continence and a significantly higher need for revision compared with irradiated patients without a history of urethral stenosis. Alternative surgical procedures should be discussed beforehand, especially in cases of recurrent urethral stenosis.
Schlagwörter	devastated bladder outlet ; AMS 800 ; artificial urinary sphincter ; male stress incontinence ; prostate radiotherapy ; bladder neck stenosis ; Medicine ; R
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	616
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	MDPI AG
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Assessment of STAT5 as a potential therapy target in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer.

Holger H H Erb / Julia Bodenbender / Florian Handle / Tamara Diehl / Lukas Donix / Igor Tsaur / Martin Gleave / Axel Haferkamp / Johannes Huber / Susanne Fuessel / Eva Juengel / Zoran Culig / Christian Thomas

PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 8, p e

2020 Band 0237248

Abstract: Despite enzalutamide's efficacy in delaying the progression of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), resistance to this anti-androgen inevitably occurs. Several studies have revealed that the signal transducer and activator of ... ...

Abstract	Despite enzalutamide's efficacy in delaying the progression of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), resistance to this anti-androgen inevitably occurs. Several studies have revealed that the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5 plays a role in tumour progression and development of drug resistance such as enzalutamide. Data mining revealed heterogeneous expression of STAT5 in enzalutamide-treated mCRPC patients and enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer (PCa). Isobologram analysis revealed that the STAT5 inhibitor pimozide combined with enzalutamide has? additive and synergistic inhibitory effects on cell viability in the used models. Functional analysis with siRNA-mediated STAT5 knockdown yielded divergent results. The LNCaP-derived cell line MR49F could be resensitised to enzalutamide by siRNA-mediated STAT5b-knock-down. In contrast, neither STAT5a nor STAT5b knockdown resensitised enzalutamide-resistant LAPC4-EnzaR cells to enzalutamide. In conclusion, our results indicate that STAT5 may be a possible target in a subgroup of enzalutamide-resistant PCa. However, based on the data presented here, a general role of STAT5 in enzalutamide-resistance and its potential as a therapeutic target could not be shown.
Schlagwörter	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	570
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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Artikel ; Online: Artesunate Impairs Growth in Cisplatin-Resistant Bladder Cancer Cells by Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis and Autophagy Induction

Fuguang Zhao / Olesya Vakhrusheva / Sascha D. Markowitsch / Kimberly S. Slade / Igor Tsaur / Jindrich Cinatl / Martin Michaelis / Thomas Efferth / Axel Haferkamp / Eva Juengel

Cells, Vol 9, Iss 2643, p

2020 Band 2643

Abstract: Cisplatin, which induces DNA damage, is standard chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer (BCa). However, efficacy is limited due to resistance development. Since artesunate (ART), a derivative of artemisinin originating from Traditional Chinese Medicine, ...

Abstract	Cisplatin, which induces DNA damage, is standard chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer (BCa). However, efficacy is limited due to resistance development. Since artesunate (ART), a derivative of artemisinin originating from Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been shown to exhibit anti-tumor activity, and to inhibit DNA damage repair, the impact of artesunate on cisplatin-resistant BCa was evaluated. Cisplatin-sensitive (parental) and cisplatin-resistant BCa cells, RT4, RT112, T24, and TCCSup, were treated with ART (1–100 µM). Cell growth, proliferation, and cell cycle phases were investigated, as were apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, metabolic activity, and protein expression. Exposure to ART induced a time- and dose-dependent significant inhibition of tumor cell growth and proliferation of parental and cisplatin-resistant BCa cells. This inhibition was accompanied by a G0/G1 phase arrest and modulation of cell cycle regulating proteins. ART induced apoptos is by enhancing DNA damage, especially in the resistant cells. ART did not induce ferroptosis, but led to a disturbance of mitochondrial respiration and ATP generation. This impairment correlated with autophagy accompanied by a decrease in LC3B-I and an increase in LC3B-II. Since ART significantly inhibits proliferative and metabolic aspects of cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant BCa cells, it may hold potential in treating advanced and therapy-resistant BCa.
Schlagwörter	bladder cancer (BCa) ; artesunate (ART) ; cisplatin resistance ; growth inhibition ; apoptosis ; autophagy ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	610
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	MDPI AG
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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