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  1. Article ; Online: The Role of Nutrition in Mitigating the Effects of COVID-19 from Infection through PASC.

    Mey, Jacob T / Kirwan, John P / Axelrod, Christopher L

    Nutrients

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 4

    Abstract: The expansive and rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in a global pandemic of COVID-19 infection and disease. Though initially perceived to be acute in nature, many patients report persistent and recurrent symptoms beyond the infectious ... ...

    Abstract The expansive and rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in a global pandemic of COVID-19 infection and disease. Though initially perceived to be acute in nature, many patients report persistent and recurrent symptoms beyond the infectious period. Emerging as a new epidemic, "long-COVID", or post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease (PASC), has substantially altered the lives of millions of people globally. Symptoms of both COVID-19 and PASC are individual, but share commonality to established respiratory viruses, which include but are not limited to chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, along with adverse metabolic and pulmonary health effects. Nutrition plays a critical role in immune function and metabolic health and thus is implicated in reducing risk or severity of symptoms for both COVID-19 and PASC. However, despite the impact of nutrition on these key physiological functions related to COVID-19 and PASC, the precise role of nutrition in COVID-19 infection and PASC onset or severity remains to be elucidated. This narrative review will discuss established and emerging nutrition approaches that may play a role in COVID-19 and PASC, with references to the established nutrition and clinical practice guidelines that should remain the primary resources for patients and practitioners.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Acute Disease ; Disease Progression ; Nutritional Status
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu15040866
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Sarcopenic obesity: emerging mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

    Axelrod, Christopher L / Dantas, Wagner S / Kirwan, John P

    Metabolism: clinical and experimental

    2023  Volume 146, Page(s) 155639

    Abstract: Sarcopenic obesity, or the loss of muscle mass and function associated with excess adiposity, is a largely untreatable medical condition associated with diminished quality of life and increased risk of mortality. To date, it remains somewhat paradoxical ... ...

    Abstract Sarcopenic obesity, or the loss of muscle mass and function associated with excess adiposity, is a largely untreatable medical condition associated with diminished quality of life and increased risk of mortality. To date, it remains somewhat paradoxical and mechanistically undefined as to why a subset of adults with obesity develop muscular decline, an anabolic stimulus generally associated with retention of lean mass. Here, we review evidence surrounding the definition, etiology, and treatment of sarcopenic obesity with an emphasis on emerging regulatory nodes with therapeutic potential. We review the available clinical evidence largely focused on diet, lifestyle, and behavioral interventions to improve quality of life in patients with sarcopenic obesity. Based upon available evidence, relieving consequences of energy burden, such as oxidative stress, myosteatosis, and/or mitochondrial dysfunction, is a promising area for therapeutic development in the treatment and management of sarcopenic obesity.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Sarcopenia/etiology ; Sarcopenia/therapy ; Quality of Life ; Muscle, Skeletal/pathology ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/therapy ; Adiposity ; Body Composition
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 80230-x
    ISSN 1532-8600 ; 0026-0495
    ISSN (online) 1532-8600
    ISSN 0026-0495
    DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155639
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.

    Kirwan, John P / Heintz, Elizabeth C / Rebello, Candida J / Axelrod, Christopher L

    Comprehensive Physiology

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 4559–4585

    Abstract: Type 2 diabetes is a systemic, multifactorial disease that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite a rise in the number of available medications and treatments available for management, exercise remains a first-line prevention and ...

    Abstract Type 2 diabetes is a systemic, multifactorial disease that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite a rise in the number of available medications and treatments available for management, exercise remains a first-line prevention and intervention strategy due to established safety, efficacy, and tolerability in the general population. Herein we review the predisposing risk factors for, prevention, pathophysiology, and treatment of type 2 diabetes. We emphasize key cellular and molecular adaptive processes that provide insight into our evolving understanding of how, when, and what types of exercise may improve glycemic control. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:1-27, 2023.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Obesity/complications ; Risk Factors ; Exercise/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ISSN 2040-4603
    ISSN (online) 2040-4603
    DOI 10.1002/cphy.c220009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Phytochemical Targeting of Mitochondria for Breast Cancer Chemoprevention, Therapy, and Sensitization.

    Zunica, Elizabeth R M / Axelrod, Christopher L / Kirwan, John P

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 22

    Abstract: Breast cancer is a common and deadly disease that causes tremendous physical, emotional, and financial burden on patients and society. Early-stage breast cancer and less aggressive subtypes have promising prognosis for patients, but in aggressive ... ...

    Abstract Breast cancer is a common and deadly disease that causes tremendous physical, emotional, and financial burden on patients and society. Early-stage breast cancer and less aggressive subtypes have promising prognosis for patients, but in aggressive subtypes, and as cancers progress, treatment options and responses diminish, dramatically decreasing survival. Plants are nutritionally rich and biologically diverse organisms containing thousands of metabolites, some of which have chemopreventive, therapeutic, and sensitizing properties, providing a rich source for drug discovery. In this study we review the current landscape of breast cancer with a central focus on the potential role of phytochemicals for treatment, management, and disease prevention. We discuss the relevance of phytochemical targeting of mitochondria for improved anti-breast cancer efficacy. We highlight current applications of phytochemicals and derivative structures that display anti-cancer properties and modulate cancer mitochondria, while describing future applicability and identifying areas of promise.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Chemoprevention ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Phytochemicals/pharmacology ; Phytochemicals/therapeutic use ; Mitochondria
    Chemical Substances Phytochemicals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-16
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms232214152
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Obesity Management in the Primary Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

    Zunica, Elizabeth R M / Heintz, Elizabeth C / Axelrod, Christopher L / Kirwan, John P

    Cancers

    2022  Volume 14, Issue 16

    Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary hepatic malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related death globally. HCC is associated with an indolent clinical presentation, resulting in frequent advanced stage diagnoses where surgical ... ...

    Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary hepatic malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related death globally. HCC is associated with an indolent clinical presentation, resulting in frequent advanced stage diagnoses where surgical resection or transplant therapies are not an option and medical therapies are largely ineffective at improving survival. As such, there is a critical need to identify and enhance primary prevention strategies to mitigate HCC-related morbidity and mortality. Obesity is an independent risk factor for the onset and progression of HCC. Furthermore, obesity is a leading cause of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the fasting growing etiological factor of HCC. Herein, we review evolving clinical and mechanistic associations between obesity and hepatocarcinogenesis with an emphasis on the therapeutic efficacy of prevailing lifestyle/behavioral, medical, and surgical treatment strategies for weight reduction and NASH reversal.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2527080-1
    ISSN 2072-6694
    ISSN 2072-6694
    DOI 10.3390/cancers14164051
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  6. Article: Editorial: Nutrition, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity.

    Berger, Nathan A / Yang, Ming / Chan, Yoke Mun / Axelrod, Christopher L / Sikalidis, Angelos K / Hu, Wen / Kang, Lin

    Frontiers in nutrition

    2023  Volume 10, Page(s) 1335927

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-13
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2776676-7
    ISSN 2296-861X
    ISSN 2296-861X
    DOI 10.3389/fnut.2023.1335927
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Analytical determination of mitochondrial function of excised solid tumor homogenates

    Zunica, Elizabeth R. M. / Axelrod, Christopher L. / Gilmore, L. Anne / Kirwan, John P.

    Journal of visualized experiments. 2021 Aug. 06, , no. 174

    2021  

    Abstract: Mitochondria are essential to the onset and progression of cancer through energy production, reactive oxygen species regulation, and macromolecule synthesis. Genetic and functional adaptations of mitochondria to the tumor environment drive proliferative ... ...

    Abstract Mitochondria are essential to the onset and progression of cancer through energy production, reactive oxygen species regulation, and macromolecule synthesis. Genetic and functional adaptations of mitochondria to the tumor environment drive proliferative and metastatic potential. The advent of DNA and RNA sequencing removed critical barriers to the evaluation of genetic mediators of tumorigenesis. However, to date, methodological approaches to evaluate tumor mitochondrial function remain elusive and require technical proficiency limiting the feasibility, ultimately diminishing diagnostic and prognostic value in both experimental and clinical settings. Here, we outline a simple and rapid method to quantify rates of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and electron transfer (ET) capacity in freshly excised solid tumor homogenates using high-resolution respirometry. The protocol can be reproducibly applied across species and tumor types as well as adapted to evaluate a diversity of mitochondrial ET pathways. Using this protocol, we demonstrate that mice bearing a luminal B mammary cancer exhibit defective nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked respiration and reliance on succinate to generate adenosine triphosphate via OXPHOS.
    Keywords DNA ; RNA ; adenine ; adenosine triphosphate ; carcinogenesis ; electron transfer ; energy ; mammary neoplasms (animal) ; metastasis ; mitochondria ; nicotinamide ; oxidative phosphorylation ; rapid methods ; reactive oxygen species ; succinic acid
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0806
    Size p. e62875.
    Publishing place Journal of Visualized Experiments
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2259946-0
    ISSN 1940-087X
    ISSN 1940-087X
    DOI 10.3791/62875
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Restricting bioenergetic efficiency enhances longevity and mitochondrial redox capacity in Drosophila melanogaster.

    Taylor, Analisa L / Dubuisson, Olga / Pandey, Pritika / Zunica, Elizabeth R M / Vandanmagsar, Bolormaa / Dantas, Wagner S / Johnson, Alyssa / Axelrod, Christopher L / Kirwan, John P

    Aging cell

    2024  , Page(s) e14107

    Abstract: Mitochondria are essential for survival and as such, impairments in organelle homeostasis significantly accelerate age-related morbidity and mortality. Here, we determined the contribution of bioenergetic efficiency to life span and health span in ... ...

    Abstract Mitochondria are essential for survival and as such, impairments in organelle homeostasis significantly accelerate age-related morbidity and mortality. Here, we determined the contribution of bioenergetic efficiency to life span and health span in Drosophila melanogaster utilizing the mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15. Life span was determined in flies fed a normal diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD) supplemented with vehicle or BAM15. Locomotor function was determined by negative geotaxis assay in middle-aged flies fed vehicle or BAM15 under ND or HFD conditions. Redox capacity (high-resolution respirometry/fluorometry), citrate synthase (enzyme activity), mtDNA content (qPCR), gene expression (qPCR), and protein expression (western blot) were assessed in flight muscle homogenates of middle-aged flies fed vehicle or BAM15 ND. The molar ratio of H
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2113083-8
    ISSN 1474-9726 ; 1474-9718
    ISSN (online) 1474-9726
    ISSN 1474-9718
    DOI 10.1111/acel.14107
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 6581: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Effects of metformin on glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A pilot randomized trial.

    Zunica, Elizabeth R M / Heintz, Elizabeth C / Dantas, Wagner S / Hebert, R Caitlin / Tanksley, MaKayla / Beyl, Robbie A / Mader, Edward C / Kirwan, John P / Axelrod, Christopher L / Singh, Prachi

    Physiological reports

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) e15948

    Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased risk for diabetes, and standard treatment with positive airway pressure (PAP) device shows inconsistent effects on glucose metabolism. Metformin is known to treat and prevent diabetes, but its ... ...

    Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased risk for diabetes, and standard treatment with positive airway pressure (PAP) device shows inconsistent effects on glucose metabolism. Metformin is known to treat and prevent diabetes, but its effects on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function are not completely understood. Here, we evaluate the effects of metformin on glucose metabolism and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in patients with OSA. Sixteen adults with obesity (50.9 ± 6.7 years, BMI: 36.5 ± 2.9 kg/m
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Metformin/pharmacology ; Metformin/therapeutic use ; Pilot Projects ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications ; Insulin ; Glucose
    Chemical Substances Metformin (9100L32L2N) ; Blood Glucose ; Insulin ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2724325-4
    ISSN 2051-817X ; 2051-817X
    ISSN (online) 2051-817X
    ISSN 2051-817X
    DOI 10.14814/phy2.15948
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Analytical Determination of Mitochondrial Function of Excised Solid Tumor Homogenates.

    Zunica, Elizabeth R M / Axelrod, Christopher L / Gilmore, L Anne / Kirwan, John P

    Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

    2021  , Issue 174

    Abstract: Mitochondria are essential to the onset and progression of cancer through energy production, reactive oxygen species regulation, and macromolecule synthesis. Genetic and functional adaptations of mitochondria to the tumor environment drive proliferative ... ...

    Abstract Mitochondria are essential to the onset and progression of cancer through energy production, reactive oxygen species regulation, and macromolecule synthesis. Genetic and functional adaptations of mitochondria to the tumor environment drive proliferative and metastatic potential. The advent of DNA and RNA sequencing removed critical barriers to the evaluation of genetic mediators of tumorigenesis. However, to date, methodological approaches to evaluate tumor mitochondrial function remain elusive and require technical proficiency limiting the feasibility, ultimately diminishing diagnostic and prognostic value in both experimental and clinical settings. Here, we outline a simple and rapid method to quantify rates of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and electron transfer (ET) capacity in freshly excised solid tumor homogenates using high-resolution respirometry. The protocol can be reproducibly applied across species and tumor types as well as adapted to evaluate a diversity of mitochondrial ET pathways. Using this protocol, we demonstrate that mice bearing a luminal B mammary cancer exhibit defective nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked respiration and reliance on succinate to generate adenosine triphosphate via OXPHOS.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Respiration ; Electron Transport ; Mice ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Oxidative Phosphorylation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 2259946-0
    ISSN 1940-087X ; 1940-087X
    ISSN (online) 1940-087X
    ISSN 1940-087X
    DOI 10.3791/62875
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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