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Article ; Online: Reconstructing the transmission dynamics of varicella in Japan

Ayako Suzuki / Hiroshi Nishiura

PeerJ, Vol 10, p e

an elevation of age at infection

2022 Volume 12767

Abstract: Background In Japan, routine two-dose immunization against varicella has been conducted among children at ages of 12 and 36 months since 2014, and the vaccination coverage has reached around 90%. To understand the impact of routine varicella vaccination, ...

Abstract	Background In Japan, routine two-dose immunization against varicella has been conducted among children at ages of 12 and 36 months since 2014, and the vaccination coverage has reached around 90%. To understand the impact of routine varicella vaccination, we reconstructed the epidemiological dynamics of varicella in Japan. Methods Epidemiological and demographic datasets over the past three decades were analyzed to reconstruct the number of susceptible individuals by age and year. To estimate the annual risk of varicella infection, we fitted a balance equation model to the annual number of cases from 1990 to 2019. Using parameter estimates, we reconstructed varicella dynamics starting from 1990 and modeled future dynamics until 2033. Results Overall varicella incidence declined over time and the annual risk of infection among children younger than 10 years old decreased monotonically starting in 2014. Conversely, varicella incidence among teenagers (age 10 to 14 years) has increased each year since 2014. A substantial number of unvaccinated individuals born before the routine immunization era remained susceptible and aged without contracting varicella, while the annual risk of infection among teenagers aged 10 to 14 years increased starting in 2011 despite gradual expansion of varicella vaccine coverage. The number of susceptible individuals decreased over time in all age groups. Modeling indicated that susceptibility rates among pre-school children aged 1 to 4 years will remain low. Conclusion Routine varicella vaccination has successfully reduced infections in pre-school and early primary school age children, but has also resulted in increased infection rates among adolescents. This temporary increase was caused both by the increased age of susceptible individuals and increased transmission risk among adolescents resulting from the dynamic nature of varicella transmission. Monitoring susceptibility among adolescents will be important to prevent outbreaks over the next decade.
Keywords	Chickenpox ; Childhood immunization ; Epidemiology ; Mathematical model ; Herd immunity ; Transmission dynamics ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Statistical methods for exploring spontaneous adverse event reporting databases for drug-host factor interactions

Zhiyuan Lu / Ayako Suzuki / Dong Wang

BMC Medical Research Methodology, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 13

Abstract: Abstract Background Drug toxicity does not affect patients equally; the toxicity may only exert in patients who possess certain attributes of susceptibility to specific drug properties (i.e., drug-host interaction). This concept is crucial for ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Drug toxicity does not affect patients equally; the toxicity may only exert in patients who possess certain attributes of susceptibility to specific drug properties (i.e., drug-host interaction). This concept is crucial for personalized drug safety but remains under-studied, primarily due to methodological challenges and limited data availability. By monitoring a large volume of adverse event reports in the postmarket stage, spontaneous adverse event reporting systems provide an unparalleled resource of information for adverse events and could be utilized to explore risk disparities of specific adverse events by age, sex, and other host factors. However, well-formulated statistical methods to formally address such risk disparities are currently lacking. Methods In this paper, we present a statistical framework to explore spontaneous adverse event reporting databases for drug-host interactions and detect risk disparities in adverse drug events by various host factors, adapting methods for safety signal detection. We proposed four different methods, including likelihood ratio test, normal approximation test, and two tests using subgroup ratios. We applied our proposed methods to simulated data and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting Systems (FAERS) and explored sex-/age-disparities in reported liver events associated with specific drug classes. Results The simulation result demonstrates that two tests (likelihood ratio, normal approximation) can detect disparities in adverse drug events associated with host factors while controlling the family wise error rate. Application to real data on drug liver toxicity shows that the proposed method can be used to detect drugs with unusually high level of disparity regarding a host factor (sex or age) for liver toxicity or to determine whether an adverse event demonstrates a significant unbalance regarding the host factor relative to other events for the drug. Conclusion Though spontaneous adverse event reporting databases require ...
Keywords	Drug-host factor interactions ; Likelihood ratio tests ; FAERS ; Postmarket surveillance ; Spontaneous reporting adverse event databases ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Sexual Dimorphism of NAFLD in Adults. Focus on Clinical Aspects and Implications for Practice and Translational Research

Amedeo Lonardo / Ayako Suzuki

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 1278, p

2020 Volume 1278

Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) embraces the clinico-pathological consequences of hepatic lipotoxicity and is a major public health problem globally. Sexual dimorphism is a definite feature of most human diseases but, under this aspect, NAFLD ... ...

Abstract	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) embraces the clinico-pathological consequences of hepatic lipotoxicity and is a major public health problem globally. Sexual dimorphism is a definite feature of most human diseases but, under this aspect, NAFLD lags behind other medical fields. Here, we aim at summarizing and critically discussing the most prominent sex differences and gaps in NAFLD in humans, with emphasis on those aspects which are relevant for clinical practice and translational research. Sexual dimorphism of NAFLD is covered with references to the following areas: disease prevalence and risk factors, pathophysiology, comorbidities, natural course and complications. Finally, we also discuss selected gender differences and whether sex-specific lifestyle changes should be adopted to contrast NAFLD in men and women.
Keywords	cardiovascular risk ; clinical course ; cirrhosis ; diabetes ; epidemiology ; HCC ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: "Why did our baby die soon after birth?"-Lessons on neonatal death in rural Cambodia from the perspective of caregivers.

Ayako Suzuki / Mitsuaki Matsui / Rathavy Tung / Azusa Iwamoto

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e

2021 Volume 0252663

Abstract: Introduction Neonatal deaths represent around half the deaths of children less than five-years old in Cambodia. The process from live birth to neonatal death has not been well described. This study aimed to identify problems in health care service which ... ...

Abstract	Introduction Neonatal deaths represent around half the deaths of children less than five-years old in Cambodia. The process from live birth to neonatal death has not been well described. This study aimed to identify problems in health care service which hamper the reduction of preventable neonatal deaths in rural Cambodia. Methods This study adopted a method of qualitative case study design using narrative data from the verbal autopsy standard. Eighty and forty villages were randomly selected from Kampong Cham and Svay Rieng provinces, respectively. All households in the target villages were visited between January and February 2017. Family caregivers were asked to describe their experiences on births and neonatal deaths between 2015 and 2016. Information on the process from birth to death was extracted with open coding, categorized, and summarized into several groups which represent potential problems in health services. Results Among a total of 4,142 children born in 2015 and 2016, 35 neonatal deaths were identified. Of these deaths, 74% occurred within one week of birth, and 57% were due to low-birth weight. Narrative data showed that three factors should be improved, 1) the unavailability of a health-care professional, 2) barriers in the referral system, and 3) lack of knowledge and skill to manage major causes of neonatal deaths. Conclusion The current health system has limitations to achieve further reduction of neonatal deaths in rural Cambodia. The mere deployment of midwives at fixed service points such as health centers could not solve the problems occurring in rural communities. Community engagement revisiting the principle of primary health care, as well as health system transformation, is the key to the solution and potential breakthrough for the future.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A novel quantitative computer-assisted drug-induced liver injury causality assessment tool (DILI-CAT).

Hans L Tillmann / Ayako Suzuki / Michael Merz / Richard Hermann / Don C Rockey

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 9, p e

2022 Volume 0271304

Abstract: Background and aims We hypothesized that a drug's clinical signature (or phenotype) of liver injury can be assessed and used to quantitatively develop a computer-assisted DILI causality assessment-tool (DILI-CAT). Therefore, we evaluated drug-specific ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims We hypothesized that a drug's clinical signature (or phenotype) of liver injury can be assessed and used to quantitatively develop a computer-assisted DILI causality assessment-tool (DILI-CAT). Therefore, we evaluated drug-specific DILI-phenotypes for amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMX/CLA), cefazolin, cyproterone, and Polygonum multiflorum using data from published case series, to develop DILI-CAT scores for each drug. Methods Drug specific phenotypes were made up of the following three clinical features: (1) latency, (2) R-value, and (3) AST/ALT ratio. A point allocation system was developed with points allocated depending on the variance from the norm (or "core") for the 3 variables in published datasets. Results The four drugs had significantly different phenotypes based on latency, R-value, and AST/ALT ratio. The median cyproterone latency was 150 days versus < 43 days for the other three drugs (median: 26 for AMX/CLA, 20 for cefazolin, and 20 for Polygonum multiflorum; p<0.001). The R-value for the four drugs was also significantly different among drugs (cyproterone [median 12.4] and Polygonum multiflorum [median 10.9]) from AMX/CLA [median 1.44] and cefazolin [median 1.57; p<0.001]). DILI-CAT scores effectively separated cyproterone and Polygonum multiflorum from AMX/CLA and cefazolin, respectively (p<0.001). As expected, because of phenotypic overlap, AMX/CLA and cefazolin could not be well differentiated. Conclusions DILI-CAT is a data-driven, diagnostic tool built to define drug-specific phenotypes for DILI adjudication. The data provide proof of principle that a drug-specific, data-driven causality assessment tool can be developed for different drugs and raise the possibility that such a process could enhance causality assessment methods.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Pilot Study

Ayako Suzuki

Food and Nutrition Sciences , Vol 01, Iss 02, Pp 67-

No Therapeutic Effect of L-Alanine in Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

2010 Volume 73

Abstract: Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). L-alanine was shown to restore ATP content and protect the liver in various liver injury models. Aim: To assess the safety and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). L-alanine was shown to restore ATP content and protect the liver in various liver injury models. Aim: To assess the safety and therapeutic effects of long-term administration of L-alanine in patients with NASH, we conducted a pilot trial. Methods: Patients with NASH were enrolled and treated with 6 - 18 g/day L-alanine for 12 months and monitored for serum aminotransferases and renal function. Liver histology was obtained at baseline and 12 months. Changes in serum aminotransferase were assessed by differences from entry and rate of change per month using all available measures. Changes in liver histology were assessed by differences in Brunt scores of steatosis, lobular inflammation, and fibrosis. Results: Nine patients were enrolled and six completed the treatment. The reasons of the study withdrawal were nausea (n = 1), planned bariatric surgery (n = 1), and un-specified reason (n = 1). One participant experienced exacerbation of pre-existing renal failure that required hospitalization, although the medication was safely resumed after 2-week cessation and treatment was completed. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (?24.8 ± 32.1 IU/L vs.0, p = 0.11) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (?8 ± 16.2 1IU/L vs. 0, p = 0.28) were improved in 4 and 3 of the 6 completed participants, while rate of ALT and AST change per month showed improvement over time (negative slope) in 5 and 4 of the 6. Liver histology did not change significantly. Conclusion: The 12-month administration of L-alanine seems to be safe, but did not show significant therapeutic effects on serum aminotransferase or liver histology in patients with NASH, along with less than ideal tolerability.
Keywords	Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ; Treatment ; Hepatic ATP ; Nutrition. Foods and food supply ; TX341-641 ; Home economics ; TX1-1110 ; Technology ; T ; DOAJ:Nutrition and Food Sciences ; DOAJ:Agriculture and Food Sciences
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Scientific Research Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Lethal effect of blue light on strawberry leaf beetle, Galerucella grisescens (Coleoptera

Masatoshi Hori / Ayako Suzuki

Scientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-

Chrysomelidae)

2017 Volume 6

Abstract: Abstract In a previous study, we found that blue-light irradiation kills insects such as fruit flies, mosquitos, and flour beetles. However, the lethal effects of blue light on coleopteran field crop pests have not been investigated. Chrysomelidae, a ... ...

Abstract	Abstract In a previous study, we found that blue-light irradiation kills insects such as fruit flies, mosquitos, and flour beetles. However, the lethal effects of blue light on coleopteran field crop pests have not been investigated. Chrysomelidae, a major family in phytophagous beetles, includes many species of crop pests. We investigated the lethal effect of blue light on chrysomelid beetles by examining the mortality of the strawberry leaf beetle Galerucella grisescens irradiated with different wavelengths of blue light during the non-mobile egg or pupal stage by using light-emitting diodes. Fifty to seventy percent of beetles irradiated with 407, 417, 438, or 465-nm lights at 15 × 1018 photons·m−2·s−1 during the egg stage died before hatching; ca. 90% of hatchlings irradiated with 438-nm light during the egg stage died before eclosion; and 35–55% of beetles irradiated with 407, 417, 454, and 465-nm lights at the same intensity during the pupal stage died before eclosion. Field crop pests are considered to have high tolerance to blue light because they are usually exposed to sunlight in their natural habitats. However, this study suggests that blue light can kill some field crop as well as household insect pests.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	535
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Cells/colony motion of oral keratinocytes determined by non-invasive and quantitative measurement using optical flow predicts epithelial regenerative capacity

Emi Hoshikawa / Taisuke Sato / Kenta Haga / Ayako Suzuki / Ryota Kobayashi / Koichi Tabeta / Kenji Izumi

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Cells/colony motion determined by non-invasive, quantitative measurements using the optical flow (OF) algorithm can indicate the oral keratinocyte proliferative capacity in early-phase primary cultures. This study aimed to determine a threshold ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Cells/colony motion determined by non-invasive, quantitative measurements using the optical flow (OF) algorithm can indicate the oral keratinocyte proliferative capacity in early-phase primary cultures. This study aimed to determine a threshold for the cells/colony motion index to detect substandard cell populations in a subsequent subculture before manufacturing a tissue-engineered oral mucosa graft and to investigate the correlation with the epithelial regenerative capacity. The distinctive proliferating pattern of first-passage [passage 1 (p1)] cells reveals the motion of p1 cells/colonies, which can be measured in a non-invasive, quantitative manner using OF with fewer full-screen imaging analyses and cell segmentations. Our results demonstrate that the motion index lower than 40 μm/h reflects cellular damages by experimental metabolic challenges although this value shall only apply in case of our culture system. Nonetheless, the motion index can be used as the threshold to determine the quality of cultured cells while it may be affected by any different culture conditions. Because the p1 cells/colony motion index is correlated with epithelial regenerative capacity, it is a reliable index for quality control of oral keratinocytes.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Interaction Among Influenza Viruses A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B in Japan

Ayako Suzuki / Kenji Mizumoto / Andrei R. Akhmetzhanov / Hiroshi Nishiura

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 16, Iss 21, p

2019 Volume 4179

Abstract: Seasonal influenza epidemics occur each winter season in temperate zones, involving up to 650,000 deaths each year globally. A published study demonstrated that the circulation of one influenza virus type during early influenza season in the United ... ...

Abstract	Seasonal influenza epidemics occur each winter season in temperate zones, involving up to 650,000 deaths each year globally. A published study demonstrated that the circulation of one influenza virus type during early influenza season in the United States interferes with the activity of other influenza virus types. However, this finding has yet to be validated in other settings. In the present work, we investigated the interaction among seasonal influenza viruses (A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B) in Japan. Sentinel and virus surveillance data were used to estimate the type-specific incidence from 2010 to 2019, and statistical correlations among the type-specific incidence were investigated. We identified significant negative correlations between incidence of the dominant virus and the complementary incidence. When correlation was identified during the course of an epidemic, a linear regression model accurately predicted the epidemic size of a particular virus type before the epidemic peak. The peak of influenza type B took place later in the season than that of influenza A, although the epidemic peaks of influenza A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 nearly coincided. Given the interaction among different influenza viruses, underlying mechanisms including age and spatial dependence should be explored in future.
Keywords	influenza ; viral interference ; epidemics ; statistical model ; epidemiology ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Single-cell sequencing techniques from individual to multiomics analyses

Yukie Kashima / Yoshitaka Sakamoto / Keiya Kaneko / Masahide Seki / Yutaka Suzuki / Ayako Suzuki

Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Vol 52, Iss 9, Pp 1419-

2020 Volume 1427

Abstract: ... at a single-cell level, for example the evolutionary paths of brain tumors and cancerous mutations. Ayako ... Suzuki at the University of Tokyo in Chiba, Japan, and co-workers examined the challenges of integrating ...

Abstract	Single-cell sequencing: Greater insight through integrated data Combining data from different single-cell sequencing techniques could greatly improve understanding of the molecular profiles associated with disease. Sequencing studies provide valuable insights into diseased and healthy states at a single-cell level, for example the evolutionary paths of brain tumors and cancerous mutations. Ayako Suzuki at the University of Tokyo in Chiba, Japan, and co-workers examined the challenges of integrating data from various experimental and computational single-cell sequencing methods. These methods usually determine the genomic, epigenomic (DNA modifications) or transcriptomic (messenger RNAs) state of a cell, and can be combined to create a detailed picture. Other ‘multiomics’ techniques provide multilayered information from the same cell. The researchers recommend detailed analysis of individual data layers prior to integration, and highlight emerging techniques that analyze larger tissue sections, thus retaining the temporal and spatial information around a cell.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Biochemistry ; QD415-436
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
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Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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