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Article ; Online: A Review of Exosomal Isolation Methods

Karim Sidhom / Patience O. Obi / Ayesha Saleem

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 6466, p

Is Size Exclusion Chromatography the Best Option?

2020 Volume 6466

Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles secreted by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and play a vital role in intercellular communication. EVs are classified into several subtypes based on their origin, physical characteristics, and ... ...

Abstract	Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles secreted by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and play a vital role in intercellular communication. EVs are classified into several subtypes based on their origin, physical characteristics, and biomolecular makeup. Exosomes, a subtype of EVs, are released by the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) with the plasma membrane of the cell. Several methods have been described in literature to isolate exosomes from biofluids including blood, urine, milk, and cell culture media, among others. While differential ultracentrifugation (dUC) has been widely used to isolate exosomes, other techniques including ultrafiltration, precipitating agents such as poly-ethylene glycol (PEG), immunoaffinity capture, microfluidics, and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) have emerged as credible alternatives with pros and cons associated with each. In this review, we provide a summary of commonly used exosomal isolation techniques with a focus on SEC as an ideal methodology. We evaluate the efficacy of SEC to isolate exosomes from an array of biological fluids, with a particular focus on its application to adipose tissue-derived exosomes. We argue that exosomes isolated via SEC are relatively pure and functional, and that this methodology is reproducible, scalable, inexpensive, and does not require specialized equipment or user expertise. However, it must be noted that while SEC is a good candidate method to isolate exosomes, direct comparative studies are required to support this conclusion.
Keywords	extracellular vesicles ; exosomes ; microvesicles ; differential ultracentrifugation ; poly-ethylene glycol ; immunoaffinity capture ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Curcumin-Loaded Bioactive Polymer Composite Film of PVA/Gelatin/Tannic Acid Downregulates the Pro-inflammatory Cytokines to Expedite Healing of Full-Thickness Wounds

Nida Rashid / Syed Haroon Khalid / Ikram Ullah Khan / Zunera Chauhdary / Hira Mahmood / Ayesha Saleem / Muhammad Umair / Sajid Asghar

ACS Omega, Vol 8, Iss 8, Pp 7575-

2023 Volume 7586

Keywords	Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Comparative Study of ICT Innovation Policy for the Countries Development Perspective

Ayesha Saleem / Kiyohide Higuchi

IJID (International Journal on Informatics for Development), Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2012 Volume 9

Abstract: In the globalized environment, the economic growth significantly depends on the countries capacity to develop, to apply new technologies and vice versa. Diffusion of information communication technologies is a global phenomenon. Despite of rapid ... ...

Abstract	In the globalized environment, the economic growth significantly depends on the countries capacity to develop, to apply new technologies and vice versa. Diffusion of information communication technologies is a global phenomenon. Despite of rapid globalization there are considerable differences between nations in terms of adoption and usage of new technologies. This paper aims to draw together the highly eclectic literature on the diffusion of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Innovation in order to know what have been done, highlight the generic issues, relevant to policy and will initiate further research and develop potential opportunities. This paper also highlight the low level and high level income countries data and ICT policies frame work to draw conclusions and some case studies as an example. The objective is to review the finding the social economic factor for diffusion of ICT Innovation to make policy recommendation for the development of the country.
Keywords	Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95 ; Economic growth ; development ; planning ; HD72-88
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Personalized 0D models of normal and stenosed carotid arteries.

Khan, Ayesha Saleem / Shahzad, Aamir / Zubair, Muhammad / Alvi, Abdullah / Gul, Raheem

Computer methods and programs in biomedicine

2020 Volume 200, Page(s) 105888

Abstract: Background and objective: Recent advances in medical imaging like MRI, CT-Scan, Doppler ultrasound, etc. have made it possible to study the hemodynamics of cardiovascular system having different levels of vessel abnormalities.: Methods: Within this ... ...

Abstract	Background and objective: Recent advances in medical imaging like MRI, CT-Scan, Doppler ultrasound, etc. have made it possible to study the hemodynamics of cardiovascular system having different levels of vessel abnormalities. Methods: Within this work, we have developed two different personalized lumped-parameter models of the human carotid arteries having elastic and viscoelastic vessel wall behaviors. The data used in developing the models of the carotid arteries is taken from a healthy subject and a patient having mild carotid stenosis (55%) near a bifurcation using doppler ultrasound. The data consists measurements of blood flow velocities and geometrical parameters at selected locations. Prior to the measurements, the key measurable geometrical parameters are identified by normalized local sensitivity analysis. Results: Finally, both developed and personalized models of carotid arteries are validated against the blood flow measurements obtained near carotid bifurcation. We observe a good agreement between model simulations and blood flow measurements taken near the bifurcation i.e. (r=0.94) for the healthy subject and (r=0.96) for the patient having a stenosis near the bifurcation. Conclusions: This work provides further evidence, that the hemodynamics near a bifurcation can be modelled well with a 0D approach, even with different levels of stenosis.
MeSH term(s)	Blood Flow Velocity ; Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging ; Carotid Stenosis/diagnostic imaging ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Models, Cardiovascular
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632564-6
ISSN	1872-7565 ; 0169-2607
ISSN (online)	1872-7565
ISSN	0169-2607
DOI	10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105888
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Article ; Online: HPLC, FTIR and GC-MS Analyses of Thymus vulgaris Phytochemicals Executing In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Activities and Effects on COX-1 , COX-2 and Gastric Cancer Genes Computationally

Ayesha Saleem / Muhammad Afzal / Muhammad Naveed / Syeda Izma Makhdoom / Modasrah Mazhar / Tariq Aziz / Ayaz Ali Khan / Zul Kamal / Muhammad Shahzad / Metab Alharbi / Abdulrahman Alshammari

Molecules, Vol 27, Iss 8512, p

2022 Volume 8512

Abstract: Medicinal plants have played an essential role in the treatment of various diseases. Thymus vulgaris , a medicinal plant, has been extensively used for biological and pharmaceutical potential. The current study was performed to check the biopotential of ... ...

Abstract	Medicinal plants have played an essential role in the treatment of various diseases. Thymus vulgaris , a medicinal plant, has been extensively used for biological and pharmaceutical potential. The current study was performed to check the biopotential of active biological compounds. The GC-MS analysis identified 31 compounds in methanolic crude extract, among which thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, and eugenol are the main phytoconstituents present in T. vulgaris . The HPLC analysis quantified that flavonoids and phenolic acids are present in a good concentration in the active fraction of ethyl acetate and n -butanol. FTIR confirmed the presence of functional groups such as phenols, a carboxylic group, hydroxy group, alcohols, and a benzene ring. Among both fractions, ethyl acetate showed high antioxidant activity in the DPPH (84.1 0.88) and ABTS (87.1 0.89) assays, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity of the fractions was done in vitro and in vivo by using a carrageenan-induced paw edema assay, while the hexane-based extract showed high anti-inflammatory activity (57.1 0.54) in a dose-response manner. Furthermore, the lead compound responsible for inhibition in the denaturation of proteins is thymol, which exhibits the highest binding affinity with COX1 (−6.4 KJ/mol) and COX2 (−6.3 KJ/mol) inflammatory proteins. The hepatotoxicity analysis showed that plant-based phytoconstituents are safe to use and have no toxicity, with no necrosis, fibrosis, and vacuolar degeneration, even at a high concentration of 800 mg/kg body weight. Furthermore, the in silico analysis of HPLC phytochemical compounds against gastric cancer genes showed that chlorogenic acid exhibited anticancer activity and showed good drug-designing characteristics. Thrombolysis and hemolysis are the major concerns of individuals suffering from gastric cancer. However, the T. vulgaris fractions showed thrombolysis from 17.6 to 5.4%; similarly, hemolysis ranged from 9.73 to 7.1% at a concentration of 12 mg/mL. The phytoconstituents present in T. ...
Keywords	T. vulgaris ; phytoconstituents ; docking ; anti-inflammatory ; drug designing ; hepatotoxicity ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Extracellular Vesicles as Predictors of Individual Response to Exercise Training in Youth Living with Obesity

Taiana M. Pierdoná / Alexandria Martin / Patience O. Obi / Samira Seif / Benjamin Bydak / Hagar I. Labouta / Ashley L. Eadie / Keith R. Brunt / Jonathan M. McGavock / Martin Sénéchal / Ayesha Saleem

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Vol 27, Iss 5, p

2022 Volume 143

Abstract: Background: Exercise is associated with health benefits, including the prevention and management of obesity. However, heterogeneity in the adaptive response to exercise training exists. Our objective was to evaluate if changes in extracellular vesicles ( ... ...

Abstract	Background: Exercise is associated with health benefits, including the prevention and management of obesity. However, heterogeneity in the adaptive response to exercise training exists. Our objective was to evaluate if changes in extracellular vesicles (EVs) after acute aerobic exercise were associated with the responder phenotype following 6-weeks of resistance training (RT). Methods: This is a secondary analysis of plasma samples from the EXIT trial (clinical trial#02204670). Eleven sedentary youth with obesity (15.7 ± 0.5 yrs, BMI ≥95th percentile) underwent acute exercise (60% HRR, 45 min). Blood was collected at baseline [AT0 min], during [AT15–45 min], and 75 min post-recovery [AT120], and EVs purified using size exclusion chromatography from extracted plasma. Afterward, youth participated in 6-weeks RT and were categorized into responders or non-responders based on changes in insulin sensitivity. Results: We assessed EV biophysical profile (size, zeta potential, protein yield, and EV subtype protein expression) in a single-blind fashion. Overall, there was a general increase in EV production in both groups. Average EV size was larger in responders (~147 nm) vs. non-responders (~124 nm; p < 0.05). EV size was positively associated with absolute change in Matsuda index (insulin sensitivity) following RT (r = 0.44, p = 0.08). EV size distribution revealed responders predominantly expressed EVs sized 150–300 nm, whereas non-responders expressed EVs sized 50–150 nm (p < 0.05). At baseline, responders had ~25% lower TSG101, ~85% higher MMP2 levels. EV protein yield was higher in responders than non-responders at AT15 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our data suggest that youth with obesity that respond to RT produce larger EVs that are TSG101+ and CD63+, with increased EV protein yield during acute exercise.
Keywords	extracellular vesicles ; youth ; obesity ; acute exercise ; resistance exercise training ; responders to exercise ; insulin sensitivity ; Biochemistry ; QD415-436 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	IMR Press
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Nitrogen-doped graphene oxide as a catalyst for the oxidation of Rhodamine B by hydrogen peroxide: application to a sensitive fluorometric assay for hydrogen peroxide.

Siddiqui, Ayesha Saleem / Ahmad, Muhammad Ashfaq / Nawaz, Mian Hasnain / Hayat, Akhtar / Nasir, Muhammad

Mikrochimica acta

2019 Volume 187, Issue 1, Page(s) 47

Abstract: The authors report that nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (NGO) catalyzes the oxidative decomposition of the fluorophore Rhodamine B (RhB) by hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide yields free hydroxyl radicals that destroy RhB ... ...

Abstract	The authors report that nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (NGO) catalyzes the oxidative decomposition of the fluorophore Rhodamine B (RhB) by hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide yields free hydroxyl radicals that destroy RhB so that the intensity of the yellow fluorescence is reduced. Nitrogen doping enhances the electronic and optical properties and surface chemical reactivities of GO such as widening of bandgap, increase in conductivity, enhanced quenching and adsorbing capabilities etc. The catalytic properties of NGO are attributed to its large specific surface and high electron affinity of nitrogen atoms. The chemical and structural properties of GO and NGO were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, UV-visible and Raman spectroscopies. The method was optimized by varying the concentration of RhB, nitrogen dopant and hydrogen peroxide. The fluorescent probe, best operated at excitation/emission wavelengths of 554/577 nm, allows hydrogen peroxide to be determined in concentrations as low as 94 pM with a linear range spanning from 1 nM to 1 μM. Graphical abstract Schematic illustration of a fluorescence quenching method for the determination of H
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-16
Publishing country	Austria
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	89-9
ISSN	1436-5073 ; 0026-3672
ISSN (online)	1436-5073
ISSN	0026-3672
DOI	10.1007/s00604-019-3994-4
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Article: Protein engineering: Regulatory perspectives of stearoyl CoA desaturase

Kamal, Shagufta / Ayesha Saleem / Saima Rehman / Ismat Bibi / Hafiz M.N. Iqbal

International journal of biological macromolecules. 2018 July 15, v. 114

2018

Abstract: Stearoyl Co A desaturase (SCD) is a rate-limiting lipogenic enzyme that plays an integral role in catalyzing the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, chiefly oleate and palmitoleate. Both contribute a major part of the biological membrane. Numerous ... ...

Abstract	Stearoyl Co A desaturase (SCD) is a rate-limiting lipogenic enzyme that plays an integral role in catalyzing the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, chiefly oleate and palmitoleate. Both contribute a major part of the biological membrane. Numerous SCD isoforms exist in mouse and humans, i.e., SCD-1 to SCD-4 and SCD-1 and SCD-5, respectively. From the biological viewpoint, hyperexpression of SCD1 cause many metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia, etc. Herein, an effort has been made to highlight the value of protein engineering in controlling the SCD-1 expression with the involvement of different inhibitors as therapeutic agents. The first part of the review describes Stearoyl CoA desaturase index and different SCD isoforms. Various regulatory aspects of SCD are reviewed in four subsections, i.e., (1) hormonal regulation, (2) regulation by dietary carbohydrates, (3) regulation by green tea, and (4) regulation via polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Moreover, the regulation of Stearoyl CoA desaturase expression in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates is discussed. The third part mainly focuses on natural and synthetic inhibitors. Towards the end, information is also given on potential future considerations of SCD-1 inhibitors as metabolic syndrome therapeutics, yet additional work is required.
Keywords	carbohydrates ; dietary carbohydrate ; green tea ; hormonal regulation ; humans ; hypertension ; hypertriglyceridemia ; insulin resistance ; metabolic syndrome ; metabolism ; mice ; obesity ; oleic acid ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; protein engineering ; stearoyl-CoA desaturase ; therapeutics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0715
Size	p. 692-699.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.171
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Punica granatum waste to ethanol valorisation employing optimized levels of saccharification and fermentation

Asma Chaudhary / Afia Muhammad Akram / Ayesha Aihetasham / Zawar Hussain / Afshan Syed Abbas / Rahat Abdul Rehman / Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad / Anjum Tahira / Ayesha Saleem / Samina Qamer / Youssef Alghamdi / Samy F. Mahmoud / Samy Sayed

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol 28, Iss 7, Pp 3710-

2021 Volume 3719

Abstract: Pomegranate peels (PPW) as municipal waste is inexpensive biomass that could be a renewable source of sugars particularly rich in hemicellulosic contents. The subsequent conversion of available sugars in PPW can provide prospective strategy for cost- ... ...

Abstract	Pomegranate peels (PPW) as municipal waste is inexpensive biomass that could be a renewable source of sugars particularly rich in hemicellulosic contents. The subsequent conversion of available sugars in PPW can provide prospective strategy for cost-effective bioenergy production. In this study, an experimental setup based on CCD was implemented with the aim of bioconversion of biomass into bioethanol. The factors considered were Hydrochloric acid concentration (X1), the hydrolysis temperature (X2) and time (X3) for optimization with dilute Hydrochloric acid (HCl) saccharification. The present study investigates the optimised level of bioethanol synthesis from acid pre-treated PPW explained by RSM. Subsequently, three yeasts viz. Saccharomyces cerevisiae K7, Metschnikowia sp. Y31 and M. cibodasensis Y34 were utilized for fermentation of acid hydrolysed and detoxified feed stocks. Optimum values of reducing sugars 48.02 ± 0.02 (gL−1) and total carbohydrates 205.88 ± 0.13 (gL−1) were found when PPW was hydrolyzed with 1% HCl concentration at 100˚C of temperature for 30 min. Later on, fermentation of PPWH after detoxification with 2.5% activated charcoal. The significant ethanol (g ethanol/g of reducing sugars) yields after fermentation with Metschnikowia sp. Y31 and M. cibodasensis Y34 found to be 0.40 ± 0.03 on day 5 and 0.41 ± 0.02 on last day of experiment correspondingly. Saccharomyces cerevisiae K7 also produce maximum ethanol 0.40 ± 0.00 on last day of incubation utilizing the PPWH. The bioconversion of commonly available PPW into bioethanol as emphasize in this study could be a hopeful expectation and also cost-effective to meet today energy crisis.
Keywords	Sacharrification ; Optimization ; Ethanologenesis ; Metschnikowia ; Fermentation ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Pomegranate peels waste hydrolyzate optimization by Response Surface Methodology for Bioethanol production

Asma Chaudhary / Zawar Hussain / Ayesha Aihetasham / Mohamed El-Sharnouby / Rahat Abdul Rehman / Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan / Sarwat Zahra / Ayesha Saleem / Sana Azhar / Alaa Alhazmi / Ahmad El Askary / Samy Sayed / Hesham Ali El Enshasy / Siti Zulaiha Hanapi / Samina Qamer

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol 28, Iss 9, Pp 4867-

2021 Volume 4875

Abstract: Unwanted agricultural waste is largely comprised of lignocellulosic substrate which could be transformed into sugars. The production of bioethanol from garbage manifested an agreeable proposal towards waste management as well as energy causation. The ... ...

Abstract	Unwanted agricultural waste is largely comprised of lignocellulosic substrate which could be transformed into sugars. The production of bioethanol from garbage manifested an agreeable proposal towards waste management as well as energy causation. The goal of this work is to optimize parameters for generation of bioethanol through fermentation by different yeast strains while Saccharomyces cerevisiae used as standard strain. The low cost fermentable sugars from pomegranate peels waste (PPW) were obtained by hydrolysis with HNO3 (1 to 5%). The optimum levels of hydrolysis time and temperature were elucidated via RSM (CCD) ranging from 30 to 60 min and 50 to 100 °C respectively. The result shows that optimum values (g/L) for reducing sugars was 61.45 ± 0.01 while for total carbohydrates was 236 ± 0.01. These values were found when PPW was hydrolyzed with 3% HNO3, at 75 °C for one hour. The hydrolyzates obtained from the dilute HNO3 pretreated PPW yielded a maximum of 0.43 ± 0.04, 0.41 ± 0.03 g ethanol per g of reducing sugars by both Metchnikowia sp. Y31 and M. cibodasensis Y34 at day 7 of ethanologenic experiment. The current study exhibited that by fermentation of dilute HNO3 hydrolyzates of PPW could develop copious amount of ethanol by optimized conditions.
Keywords	Lignocellulosic ; Optimization ; Hydrolysis ; Metschnikowia cibodasensis ; Fermentation ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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