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  1. Article: Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-positive and non-HIV patients: a retrospective comparative study from a lower-middle income country.

    Ayub, Maaha / Bin Ali Zubairi, Mustafa / Ghanchi, Najia / Awan, Safia / Jabeen, Kauser / Zubairi, Ali

    Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace

    2024  

    Abstract: In this study, we compared the predisposing factors, key demographic and clinical characteristics, clinical outcomes, and factors associated with poor prognosis in pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) infection among the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- ... ...

    Abstract In this study, we compared the predisposing factors, key demographic and clinical characteristics, clinical outcomes, and factors associated with poor prognosis in pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) infection among the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and non-HIV patient populations. This retrospective analysis was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, via the collection and analysis of patient records with a diagnosis of "pneumocystosis" between January 2015 and October 2020. Additionally, the laboratory database was evaluated, and patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of PCP were included. During the study period, 52 laboratory-confirmed hospitalized PCP patients were identified. Of these, 23 and 29 patients were diagnosed using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. 34.6% of our patients were HIV positive, with a median CD4 count of 20.5 cells/mm3 (range: 10.7-50.5). Other conditions identified were corticosteroid use, autoimmune diseases, malignancy, radiation, and chemotherapy. On chest imaging, consolidation was found in 30%, ground-glass opacities in 24%, and nodular infiltrates in 20% of the cases. HIV-positive patients had a lower hemoglobin level and a higher level of β-D-glucan at the time of admission, whereas non-HIV patients were found to have more co-morbid conditions than HIV patients. We observed no difference in clinical outcomes between the two populations. Factors associated with a poor prognosis among our patients included concomitant infections at the time of diagnosis, the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, and a longer duration of stay in the hospital as well as the intensive care unit.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-03
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1160940-0
    ISSN 1122-0643 ; 1120-0391
    ISSN 1122-0643 ; 1120-0391
    DOI 10.4081/monaldi.2024.2810
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: An Easy-To-Use Prehospital Severity Scoring Tool To Triage COVID-19 Positive Adults In A Resource-Limited Setting.

    Ali, Danish / Zubairi, Mustafa / Ayub, Maaha / Awan, Safia / Ali, Akbar Shoukat / Sarwar Zubairi, Ali Bin

    JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

    2023  Volume 73, Issue 10, Page(s) 1959–1964

    Abstract: Objectives: To develop an easy-to-use severity scoring tool for prehospital triage of patients infected by the coronavirus disease-2019 in resource-limited settings.: Methods: The cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To develop an easy-to-use severity scoring tool for prehospital triage of patients infected by the coronavirus disease-2019 in resource-limited settings.
    Methods: The cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, from August to September 2020, and comprised adult patients of either gender who tested positive for coronavirus disease-2019 on real-time polymerase chain reaction. The scoring system and categorisation were based on validated scales for the detection of pneumonia and opinions from pulmonologists. Data was analysed using SPSS 19.
    Results: Of the 206 participants, 100(48.5%) were in-patients and 106(51.5%) were out-patients. There were 144(69.9%) males and 62(30.1%) females with an overall mean age of 48.4±16.2 years. After categorisation based on severity, significantly higher number of in-patients were found to be in categories III and IV (p<0.05).
    Conclusions: The severity scoring tool could effectively help classify coronavirus disease-2019 patients into mild, moderate and severe cases.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; Triage ; Cohort Studies ; Resource-Limited Settings
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-25
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603873-6
    ISSN 0030-9982
    ISSN 0030-9982
    DOI 10.47391/JPMA.6058
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Aspirated Denture: A Rare Cause of Empyema in an Asian Male.

    Zubairi, Mustafa Bin Ali / Ayub, Maaha / Zubairi, Ali / Fatima, Kulsoom

    Cureus

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 8, Page(s) e17097

    Abstract: Here, we report the case of an undiagnosed foreign body aspiration (FBA) in a 50-year-old male who presented with fever, productive cough, and shortness of breath suggestive of pneumonia. The patient reported a history of empyema for which he underwent ... ...

    Abstract Here, we report the case of an undiagnosed foreign body aspiration (FBA) in a 50-year-old male who presented with fever, productive cough, and shortness of breath suggestive of pneumonia. The patient reported a history of empyema for which he underwent left-sided video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and decortication at another facility. Careful evaluation of prior chest imaging revealed a radio-opaque linear density projecting along the left of his spine suspicious for a foreign body in the airway which was missed on radiographic evaluation at the time of empyema. On flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy, an irretrievable foreign body was visualized in the patient's left mainstem bronchus, which was removed via rigid bronchoscopy. This is a rare case of an aspirated denture manifesting as empyema and subsequently as pneumonia. We suggest that in patients with a recurrent chest infection, the possibility of FBA must be ruled out by detailed history and careful evaluation of imaging.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.17097
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Viral infections in Pakistan: prevalence, factors affecting spread, and recommendations for control.

    Naseem, Zehra / Ayub, Maaha / Shah, Sharaf Ali / Ali, Syed Asad / Abidi, Syed Hani

    Journal of infection in developing countries

    2022  Volume 16, Issue 6, Page(s) 913–926

    Abstract: Pakistan is endemic to a number of viral infections, owing to its humid climate, topographical variation, soaring population, and lack of education and awareness. These viruses may have several different modes of transmission, including respiratory or ... ...

    Abstract Pakistan is endemic to a number of viral infections, owing to its humid climate, topographical variation, soaring population, and lack of education and awareness. These viruses may have several different modes of transmission, including respiratory or airborne transmission, sexual transmission, blood-borne, fecal-oral transmission, vector-borne transmission, and transmission following an organ transplant. Although several different microorganisms are responsible for causing these infections, a few viruses are found more commonly in Pakistan and are primarily responsible for causing infections. In this study, we present a review of the most recent studies on different viruses, transmitted through various transmission routes, found commonly in Pakistan, along with the prevalence of each, and recommend control measures required against these viruses.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Virus Diseases/epidemiology ; Virus Diseases/prevention & control ; Viruses
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-30
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2394024-4
    ISSN 1972-2680 ; 2036-6590
    ISSN (online) 1972-2680
    ISSN 2036-6590
    DOI 10.3855/jidc.15078
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: radiological and microbiological profile of patients presented in an outpatient pulmonary clinic in a developing country.

    Iqbal, Nousheen / Irfan, Muhammad / Bin Ali Zubairi, Mustafa / Ayub, Maaha / Awan, Safia / Jabeen, Kausar / Bin Sarwar Zubairi, Ali

    Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace

    2023  

    Abstract: There is limited data available about allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in Pakistan. The aim of the study was to describe the radiological and microbiological profile of ABPA patients presenting to the outpatient pulmonary clinic of a ... ...

    Abstract There is limited data available about allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in Pakistan. The aim of the study was to describe the radiological and microbiological profile of ABPA patients presenting to the outpatient pulmonary clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. A retrospective study was conducted on ABPA patients who presented to the pulmonary outpatient clinic at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from January 2017 to December 2019. Data was collected on microbiology and radiology features on predesigned proforma. A total of 7759 asthmatic patients presented at the outpatient pulmonology clinic during the study period. Of the 245 patients labeled as ABPA, 167 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 91 (54.5%) were female (mean age 41.9±13.0 years). A high resolution computed tomography scan of the chest was available for 126 patients. Of these, 104 (82.5%) patients had bronchiectasis. Central bronchiectasis was noted in 98 (94.2%), mucus plugging in 71 (56.3%), and hyperinflation was seen in 30 (23.4%) patients. Microbiological testing was available in 103/167 (61.7%) patients. The most common bacterial pathogen was Pseudomonas aeruginosa 32 (31.1%), followed by Hemophilus influenzae 16 (15.5%), and Moraxella catarrhalis 7 (9.7%). Aspergillus fumigatus 17 (23.6%) was the most common mold, followed by Aspergillus flavus 16 (22.2%) and Aspergillus niger 11 (15.3%). Co-infection (bacterial and fungal) was found in 18 (17.45%) patients. Bronchiectasis was frequently observed in our cohort of patients with ABPA. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be common among bacterial pathogens. Isolation of fungus is not uncommon in these patients.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-07
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1160940-0
    ISSN 1122-0643 ; 1120-0391
    ISSN 1122-0643 ; 1120-0391
    DOI 10.4081/monaldi.2023.2803
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Comparison of risk factors and outcome of patients with and without COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis from Pakistan: A case-control study.

    Nasir, Nosheen / Farooqi, Joveria / Zubair, Syed Muhammad / Ayub, Maaha / Khan, Shahmeer / Wiqar, Muhammad Hassaan / Mahmood, Syed Faisal / Jabeen, Kauser

    Mycoses

    2022  Volume 66, Issue 1, Page(s) 69–74

    Abstract: Background: Early identification of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is particularly challenging in low- middle-income countries where diagnostic capabilities are limited, and risk factors for CAPA have not been identified. It is also ... ...

    Abstract Background: Early identification of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is particularly challenging in low- middle-income countries where diagnostic capabilities are limited, and risk factors for CAPA have not been identified. It is also essential to recognise CAPA patients who are likely to have a poorer outcome to decide on aggressive management approaches. Therefore, this study aimed to identify risk factors and outcomes for CAPA among admitted moderate to critical COVID-19 patients at our centre in Pakistan.
    Methods: An unmatched case-control study with ratio of 1:2 was conducted on hospitalised adult patients with COVID-19 from March 2020-July 2021. Cases were defined according to European Confederation of Medical Mycology and the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology consensus criteria. Controls were defined as patients hospitalised with moderate, severe or critical COVID-19 without CAPA.
    Results: A total of 100 CAPA cases (27 probable CAPA; 73 possible CAPA) were compared with 237 controls. Critical disease at presentation (aOR 5.04; 95% CI 2.18-11.63), age ≥ 60 years (aOR 2.00; 95% CI 1.20-3.35) and underlying co-morbid of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (aOR 3.78; 95% CI 1.57-9.08) were identified as risk factors for CAPA. Patients with CAPA had a significantly greater proportion of complications and longer length of hospital stay (p-value < .001). Mortality was higher in patients with CAPA (48%) as compared to those without CAPA (13.5%) [OR = 6.36(95% CI 3.6-11)].
    Conclusions: CAPA was significantly associated with advanced age, CKD and critical illness at presentation, along with a greater frequency of complications and higher mortality.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Animals ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis ; Risk Factors ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-22
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 392487-7
    ISSN 1439-0507 ; 0933-7407
    ISSN (online) 1439-0507
    ISSN 0933-7407
    DOI 10.1111/myc.13529
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Major Septal Defects: Comparative Study of Down Syndrome and Non-Down Syndrome Infants, Before and After Surgery.

    Aziz, Saleha / Ayub, Maaha / Masood, Laiba / Amanullah, Muneer / Hameed, Rukhsana / Hashmi, Shiraz / Ahmad, Waris

    Pakistan journal of medical sciences

    2020  Volume 36, Issue 5, Page(s) 925–929

    Abstract: Objective: To compare pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative parameters in Down syndrome (DS) and non-DS patients with atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD) and inlet ventricular septal defects (VSD) in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.! ...

    Abstract Objective: To compare pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative parameters in Down syndrome (DS) and non-DS patients with atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD) and inlet ventricular septal defects (VSD) in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.
    Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at Aga Khan University, Pakistan. All complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD), partial atrioventricular septal defect (PAVSD), and VSD with inlet extension surgical cases from January 2007 to January 2019 were included. Patients with congenital heart diseases other than those listed above were excluded.
    Results: In 61 cases, 18 had DS. Median age, mean body surface area (BSA), and height were lower in DS patients compared to non-DS patients: 7.0 vs 23.0 months, 0.311 vs 0.487 m2, and 63 vs 82 cm, respectively. Bypass duration, aortic cross clamp time, post-operative ventilator hours, dose of inotropes, CICU stay, and total hospital stay were all significantly higher in the DS group. The odds ratio (955% CI) for mortality in DS babies was 6.2 (1.4, 27.1), p=0.015, after adjusting for age, weight, and height. The overall morbidity was comparable between the two groups, demonstrating no significant difference after adjusting for confounders.
    Conclusion: DS babies with AVSD and inlet VSD are at a greater risk of mortality compared to non-DS babies, particularly those with CAVSD. Furthermore, DS babies undergo surgery at a younger age and require more aggressive post-operative therapy and monitoring due to the development of complications.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-22
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2032827-8
    ISSN 1681-715X ; 1682-024X ; 1017-4699
    ISSN (online) 1681-715X
    ISSN 1682-024X ; 1017-4699
    DOI 10.12669/pjms.36.5.1743
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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