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Article ; Online: Ultrastructural Localization of Calcium in the Acrosome and Jelly Coat of Starfish Gametes: (Asteroidea/sperm acrosome/oocyte jelly/calcium).

Sousa, Mário / Azevedo, Carlos

2023 Volume 31, Issue 3, Page(s) 227–232

Abstract: The potassium pyroantimonate technique was employed to localize calcium ultrastructurally on both male and female starfish gamete regions that first interact at fertilization. In the spermatozoon of Marthasterias glacialis, antimonate precipitates in the ...

Abstract	The potassium pyroantimonate technique was employed to localize calcium ultrastructurally on both male and female starfish gamete regions that first interact at fertilization. In the spermatozoon of Marthasterias glacialis, antimonate precipitates in the peripheral dense component of the acrosomal vesicle, while in the oocyte it precipitates in the jelly coat and beneath the oolemma. Calcium was identified in the precipitates by testing the chelator-sensitivity and by X-ray microanalysis of the precipitates.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-06
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280433-5
ISSN	1440-169X ; 0012-1592
ISSN (online)	1440-169X
ISSN	0012-1592
DOI	10.1111/j.1440-169X.1989.00227.x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Unraveling the relation between cycling accidents and built environment typologies: Capturing spatial heterogeneity through a latent class discrete outcome model.

Costa, Miguel / Lima Azevedo, Carlos / Siebert, Felix Wilhelm / Marques, Manuel / Moura, Filipe

Accident; analysis and prevention

2024 Volume 200, Page(s) 107533

Abstract: Today, cities seek to transition to more sustainable transportation modes. Cycling is critical in this shift, promoting a more beneficial lifestyle for most. However, cyclists are exposed to many hazardous circumstances or environments, resulting in ... ...

Abstract	Today, cities seek to transition to more sustainable transportation modes. Cycling is critical in this shift, promoting a more beneficial lifestyle for most. However, cyclists are exposed to many hazardous circumstances or environments, resulting in accidents, injuries, and even death. Transport authorities must understand why accidents occur, to reduce the risk of those who cycle. This study applies a new modeling framework to analyze cycling accident severities. We employ a latent class discrete outcome model, where classes are derived from a Gaussian-Bernoulli mixture, applied to data from Berlin, and augmented with volunteered geographic information. We jointly estimate model components, combining machine learning and econometric approaches, allowing for more intricate and flexible representations while maintaining interpretability. Results show the potential of our approach. Risk factors are indexed depending on where accidents occurred and their contribution. We can discover complex relations between specific built environments and accident characteristics and uncover differences in the impact of certain accident factors on one environment typology but not others. Using multiple data sources also proves helpful as an additional layer of knowledge, providing unique value to understand and model cycling accidents. Another critical aspect of our approach is the potential for simulation, where locations can be examined through simulated accident features to understand the inherent risk of various locations. These findings highlight the ability to capture heterogeneity in accidents and their relation to the built environment. Capturing such relations allows for more direct countermeasures to risky situations or policies to be designed, simulated, and targeted.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Accidents, Traffic ; Built Environment ; Risk Factors ; Bicycling/injuries ; Cities
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	210223-7
ISSN	1879-2057 ; 0001-4575
ISSN (online)	1879-2057
ISSN	0001-4575
DOI	10.1016/j.aap.2024.107533
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Zs.A 2461: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Discovering the diversity of tadpoles in the mid-north Brazil: morphological and molecular identification, and characterization of the habitat.

Sousa, Patricia Dos Santos / Azevedo, Carlos Augusto Silva / Barros, Maria Claudene / Fraga, Elmary Costa / Guedes, Thaís B

PeerJ

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) e16640

Abstract: Brazil stands out for presenting the highest amphibian anuran diversity in the world. However, taxonomic studies that address characteristic of larval stage of anurans are incipient, representing only 62% of known species. We assess the species diversity ...

Abstract	Brazil stands out for presenting the highest amphibian anuran diversity in the world. However, taxonomic studies that address characteristic of larval stage of anurans are incipient, representing only 62% of known species. We assess the species diversity of tadpoles from eastern Maranhão state, mid-northern region of Brazil based on morphological and molecular identification (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Larva/genetics ; Brazil ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity
Chemical Substances	RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359 ; 2167-8359
ISSN (online)	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.16640
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Article: After a decade, a new Venezuelan species of

Martins, Caleb Califre / de Azevêdo, Carlos A S / Hamada, Neusa / Grillet, Maria E / Contreras-Ramos, Atilano

ZooKeys

2022 Volume 1111, Page(s) 339–353

Abstract: A new species of dobsonfly from Venezuela, ...

Abstract	A new species of dobsonfly from Venezuela,
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-11
Publishing country	Bulgaria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2445640-8
ISSN	1313-2970 ; 1313-2989
ISSN (online)	1313-2970
ISSN	1313-2989
DOI	10.3897/zookeys.1111.76884
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Article: Adverse Events of Latent Tuberculosis Treatment With Isoniazid in People Living With HIV: A Case-Control Study in a Resource-Rich Setting.

Carlos Silveira Machado, António / Figueiredo, Cristóvão / Teixeira, Tiago / Azevedo, Carlos / Fragoso, Joana / Nunes, Sofia / Coutinho, Daniel / Malheiro, Luís

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 7, Page(s) e41647

Abstract: Introduction Multiple risk factors, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and immunosuppressive therapies, increase the odds of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) reactivation and progression to active tuberculosis. A six-to-nine-month ... ...

Abstract	Introduction Multiple risk factors, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and immunosuppressive therapies, increase the odds of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) reactivation and progression to active tuberculosis. A six-to-nine-month preventive treatment with isoniazid (INH) decreases the risk of LTBI reactivation, but its effectiveness can be limited by its long duration and adverse events (AEs), including liver toxicity. Due to comorbidities and polypharmacy, people living with HIV (PLHIV) may be at increased risk of INH-associated AEs. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of AEs among patients receiving INH treatment for LTBI, to identify risk factors for their occurrence, and to evaluate whether PLHIV have higher odds of developing INH-associated AEs. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective case-control study, including 130 outpatients with LTBI treated with INH between July 2019 and March 2022. Participants who developed AE (cases) were compared to controls, and a subgroup of PLHIV was compared to HIV-negative participants. Demographics, socioeconomic variables, comorbidities, and clinical variables were compared between study groups. Patient data were obtained from institutional electronic medical records, and outcomes were measured at regularly scheduled appointments. Results We included 130 participants, of which 54 were PLHIV. The PLHIV subgroup was significantly younger (p = 0.01) and demonstrated significantly higher prevalences of chronic liver disease, previous viral hepatitis, daily alcohol consumption, and intravenous drug use (IDU). One-third of the participants had an AE (45 cases, 34.6%), with liver toxicity being the most common (22.3%). Participants who developed AEs were significantly older (p = 0.030) and had a higher prevalence of economic hardship (p = 0.037), as well as higher scores of the Charlson comorbidity index (p = 0.002) than the controls. INH withdrawal occurred in 17 participants (13.1%) and was mainly associated with liver toxicity (p < 0.01) and gastrointestinal symptoms (p = 0.022). In the adjusted effect model, an age ≥ 65 years, economic hardship, and excessive alcohol consumption were significantly associated with higher odds of AEs, while HIV infection decreased the odds by 68.4% (p = 0.033). Conclusions In our study, INH-associated AEs were common, with liver toxicity being the most frequent. Older age, economic hardship, and excessive alcohol consumption increased the odds of INH-associated AEs, while PLHIV had lower odds of developing INH-associated AEs, even when adjusting for other variables in the multivariate analysis. Further studies should be conducted to assess if these results are replicable in a larger population and in different settings.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.41647
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Nocardiosis: a single-center experience and literature review.

Besteiro, Bruno / Coutinho, Daniel / Fragoso, Joana / Figueiredo, Cristóvão / Nunes, Sofia / Azevedo, Carlos / Teixeira, Tiago / Selaru, Aurélia / Abreu, Gabriela / Malheiro, Luís

The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases

2023 Volume 27, Issue 5, Page(s) 102806

Abstract: Introduction: Nocardiosis is a rare bacterial infection caused by Nocardia spp. However, an increasing incidence has been described whereby data about epidemiology and prognosis are essential.: Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted ...

Abstract	Introduction: Nocardiosis is a rare bacterial infection caused by Nocardia spp. However, an increasing incidence has been described whereby data about epidemiology and prognosis are essential. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted among patients with positive Nocardia spp. culture, from January 2019 to January 2023, at a Terciary Hospital in Portugal. Results: Nocardiosis was considered in 18 cases with a median age of 63.8-years-old. At least one immunosuppressive cause was identified in 70% of patients. Five patients had Disseminated Nocardiosis (DN). The lung was the most common site of clinical disease (77.8%) and Nocardia was most commonly identified in respiratory tract samples. The most frequently isolated species were Nocardia nova/africana (n = 7) followed by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (n = 3) and Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis (n = 3). The majority of the patients (94.4%) received antibiotic therapy, of whom as many as 55.6% were treated with monotherapy. The most frequently prescribed antibiotic was trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Selected antimicrobial agents were generally effective, with linezolid and cotrimoxazole (100% Susceptibility [S]) and amikacin (94% S) having the most activity against Nocardia species. The median (IQR) duration of treatment was 24.2 (1‒51.4) weeks for DN; The overall one-year case fatality was 33.3% (n = 6) and was higher in the DN (66.7%). No recurrence was observed. Conclusion: Nocardiosis is an emerging infectious disease with a poor prognosis, particularly in DN. This review offers essential epidemiological insights and underscores the importance of gaining a better understanding of the microbiology of nocardiosis. Such knowledge can lead to the optimization of antimicrobial therapy and, when necessary, guide appropriate surgical interventions to prevent unfavorable outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Nocardia ; Nocardia Infections/diagnosis ; Nocardia Infections/drug therapy ; Nocardia Infections/epidemiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination (8064-90-2) ; Anti-Infective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-03
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041400-6
ISSN	1678-4391 ; 1413-8670
ISSN (online)	1678-4391
ISSN	1413-8670
DOI	10.1016/j.bjid.2023.102806
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Book ; Online: Towards Robust Deep Reinforcement Learning for Traffic Signal Control

Rodrigues, Filipe / Azevedo, Carlos Lima

Demand Surges, Incidents and Sensor Failures

2019

Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) constitutes a promising solution for alleviating the problem of traffic congestion. In particular, deep RL algorithms have been shown to produce adaptive traffic signal controllers that outperform conventional systems. However, ...

Abstract	Reinforcement learning (RL) constitutes a promising solution for alleviating the problem of traffic congestion. In particular, deep RL algorithms have been shown to produce adaptive traffic signal controllers that outperform conventional systems. However, in order to be reliable in highly dynamic urban areas, such controllers need to be robust with the respect to a series of exogenous sources of uncertainty. In this paper, we develop an open-source callback-based framework for promoting the flexible evaluation of different deep RL configurations under a traffic simulation environment. With this framework, we demonstrate how deep RL-based adaptive traffic controllers perform under different scenarios, namely under demand surges caused by special events, capacity reductions from incidents and sensor failures. We extract several key insights for the development of robust deep RL algorithms for traffic control and propose concrete designs to mitigate the impact of the considered exogenous uncertainties. Comment: 8 pages
Keywords	Statistics - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Systems and Control
Subject code	629
Publishing date	2019-04-17
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Combining Discrete Choice Models and Neural Networks through Embeddings

Arkoudi, Ioanna / Azevedo, Carlos Lima / Pereira, Francisco C.

Formulation, Interpretability and Performance

2021

Abstract: This study proposes a novel approach that combines theory and data-driven choice models using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). In particular, we use continuous vector representations, called embeddings, for encoding categorical or discrete explanatory ... ...

Abstract	This study proposes a novel approach that combines theory and data-driven choice models using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). In particular, we use continuous vector representations, called embeddings, for encoding categorical or discrete explanatory variables with a special focus on interpretability and model transparency. Although embedding representations within the logit framework have been conceptualized by Pereira (2019), their dimensions do not have an absolute definitive meaning, hence offering limited behavioral insights in this earlier work. The novelty of our work lies in enforcing interpretability to the embedding vectors by formally associating each of their dimensions to a choice alternative. Thus, our approach brings benefits much beyond a simple parsimonious representation improvement over dummy encoding, as it provides behaviorally meaningful outputs that can be used in travel demand analysis and policy decisions. Additionally, in contrast to previously suggested ANN-based Discrete Choice Models (DCMs) that either sacrifice interpretability for performance or are only partially interpretable, our models preserve interpretability of the utility coefficients for all the input variables despite being based on ANN principles. The proposed models were tested on two real world datasets and evaluated against benchmark and baseline models that use dummy-encoding. The results of the experiments indicate that our models deliver state-of-the-art predictive performance, outperforming existing ANN-based models while drastically reducing the number of required network parameters.
Keywords	Statistics - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Economics - Econometrics ; Statistics - Methodology
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2021-09-24
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Attitudes and Latent Class Choice Models using Machine learning

Lahoz, Lorena Torres / Pereira, Francisco Camara / Sfeir, Georges / Arkoudi, Ioanna / Monteiro, Mayara Moraes / Azevedo, Carlos Lima

2023

Abstract: Latent Class Choice Models (LCCM) are extensions of discrete choice models (DCMs) that capture unobserved heterogeneity in the choice process by segmenting the population based on the assumption of preference similarities. We present a method of ... ...

Abstract	Latent Class Choice Models (LCCM) are extensions of discrete choice models (DCMs) that capture unobserved heterogeneity in the choice process by segmenting the population based on the assumption of preference similarities. We present a method of efficiently incorporating attitudinal indicators in the specification of LCCM, by introducing Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to formulate latent variables constructs. This formulation overcomes structural equations in its capability of exploring the relationship between the attitudinal indicators and the decision choice, given the Machine Learning (ML) flexibility and power in capturing unobserved and complex behavioural features, such as attitudes and beliefs. All of this while still maintaining the consistency of the theoretical assumptions presented in the Generalized Random Utility model and the interpretability of the estimated parameters. We test our proposed framework for estimating a Car-Sharing (CS) service subscription choice with stated preference data from Copenhagen, Denmark. The results show that our proposed approach provides a complete and realistic segmentation, which helps design better policies. Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures
Keywords	Economics - Econometrics ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2023-02-20
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: After a decade, a new Venezuelan species of Corydalus Latreille (Megaloptera, Corydalidae, Corydalinae) is discovered

Martins, Caleb Califre / de Azevêdo, Carlos A. S. / Hamada, Neusa / Grillet, Maria E. / Contreras-Ramos, Atilano

ZooKeys. 2022 July 11, v. 1111 p.339-353

2022

Abstract: AbstractA new species of dobsonfly from Venezuela, Corydalus ralphi Martins, Azevêdo, Hamada & Contreras, sp. nov., was discovered a decade after the last description of a species of this genus in the country. The new species is morphologically similar ... ...

Abstract	AbstractA new species of dobsonfly from Venezuela, Corydalus ralphi Martins, Azevêdo, Hamada & Contreras, sp. nov., was discovered a decade after the last description of a species of this genus in the country. The new species is morphologically similar to C. wanningeri Contreras-Ramos & von der Dunk, sharing a uniform reddish coloration of body and wings and similar male genitalic structures. Likewise, it shares this particular coloration with C. neblinensis Contreras-Ramos but the genitalic structure fits within the C. crossi Contreras-Ramos species group. Two specimens, one male and one female, were collected on Tarotá River, in the Gran Sabana region, Canaima National Park, in southern Venezuela. A key to identify males of the Venezuelan species of Corydalus is provided.
Keywords	Corydalus ; color ; females ; males ; national parks ; new species ; rivers ; Venezuela ; Aquatic insects ; biodiversity ; Corydalinae ; dobsonfly ; Neotropics ; taxonomy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0711
Size	p. 339-353.
Publishing place	Pensoft Publishers
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2445640-8
ISSN	1313-2970 ; 1313-2989
ISSN (online)	1313-2970
ISSN	1313-2989
DOI	10.3897/zookeys.1111.76884
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