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Book ; Online: Investigation of meteorological conditions and BrO during ozone depletion events in Ny-Ålesund between 2010 and 2021

Zilker, Bianca / Richter, Andreas / Blechschmidt, Anne-Marlene / Gathen, Peter / Bougoudis, Ilias / Seo, Sora / Bösch, Tim / Burrows, John Philip

eISSN: 1680-7324

2023

Abstract: During polar spring, ozone depletion events (ODEs) are often observed in combination with bromine explosion events (BEEs) in Ny-Ålesund. In this study, two long-term ozone data sets (2010–2021) from ozonesonde launches and in situ ozone measurements have ...

Abstract	During polar spring, ozone depletion events (ODEs) are often observed in combination with bromine explosion events (BEEs) in Ny-Ålesund. In this study, two long-term ozone data sets (2010–2021) from ozonesonde launches and in situ ozone measurements have been evaluated between March and May of each year to study ODEs in Ny-Ålesund. Ozone concentrations below 15 ppb were marked as ODEs. We applied a composite analysis to evaluate tropospheric BrO retrieved from satellite data and the prevailing meteorological conditions during these events. During ODEs, both data sets show a blocking situation with a low-pressure anomaly over the Barents Sea and anomalously high pressure in the Icelandic Low area, leading to transport of cold polar air from the north to Ny-Ålesund with negative temperature and positive BrO anomalies found around Svalbard. In addition, a higher wind speed and a higher, less stable boundary layer are noticed, supporting the assumption that ODEs often occur in combination with polar cyclones. Applying a 20 ppb ozone threshold value to tag ODEs resulted in only a slight attenuation of the BrO and meteorological anomalies compared to the 15 ppb threshold. Monthly analysis showed that BrO and meteorological anomalies are weakening from March to May. Therefore, ODEs associated with low-pressure systems, high wind speeds, and blowing snow more likely occur in early spring, while ODEs associated with low wind speed and stable boundary layer meteorological conditions seem to occur more often in late spring. Annual evaluations showed similar weather patterns for several years, matching the overall result of the composite analysis. However, some years show different meteorological patterns deviating from the results of the mean analysis. Finally, an ODE case study from the beginning of April 2020 in Ny-Ålesund is presented, where ozone was depleted for 2 consecutive days in combination with increased BrO values. The meteorological conditions are representative of the results of the composite analysis. A ...
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-04
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
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Book ; Online: Modelling of tropospheric NO₂ using WRF-Chem with optimized temporal NOₓ emission profiles derived from in-situ observations – Comparisons to in-situ, satellite, and MAX-DOAS observations over central Europe

Kuhn, Leon / Beirle, Steffen / Kumar, Vinod / Osipov, Sergey / Pozzer, Andrea / Bösch, Tim / Kumar, Rajesh / Wagner, Thomas

eISSN:

2023

Abstract: We present a WRF-Chem simulation over central Europe with a high spatial resolution of 3 km × 3 km and a focus on nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). A regional emission inventory, issued by the German Environmental Agency, with a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km ... ...

Abstract	We present a WRF-Chem simulation over central Europe with a high spatial resolution of 3 km × 3 km and a focus on nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). A regional emission inventory, issued by the German Environmental Agency, with a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km is used. We demonstrate, that by precise temporal modulation of the emission data (use of "temporal profiles"), significant improvement in model accuracy over existing simulations is achieved. Simulated NO₂ surface concentrations are compared to measurements from a total of 275 in-situ measurement stations in Germany, where the model was able to reproduce average noontime NO₂ concentrations with a bias of +0.9 % and R = 0.76. A comparison between modelled NO₂ vertical column densities (VCDs) and satellite observations from TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) is conducted, where crucial aspects of the observation process, such as altitude-dependent NO₂ sensitivity as well as the influence of clouds and a priori assumptions of the retrieval, are taken into account. Simulations and satellite observations are shown to agree with a model bias of −6.6 % and R = 0.84 for monthly means. Lastly, simulated NO₂ concentration profiles are compared to profiles obtained from Multiaxis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements of five European ground stations using the profile retrieval algorithms from the Mexican MAX-DOAS fit (MMF) and the Mainz Profile Algorithm (MAPA). For stations within Germany, biases of −5.9 % to +50.3 % were obtained when comparing average noontime NO₂ concentrations at different altitudes. Outside of Germany, where lower resolution emission data was used, biases of up to +78.6 % were observed. Overall, the study demonstrates that temporal modulation of emission data is crucial for modelling tropospheric NO₂ realistically.
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-06
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Influence of Work Pace on Upper Extremity Kinematics and Muscle Activity in a Short-Cycle Repetitive Pick-and-Place Task.

Luger, Tessy / Mathiassen, Svend Erik / Srinivasan, Divya / Bosch, Tim

Annals of work exposures and health

2017 Volume 61, Issue 3, Page(s) 356–368

Abstract: Objectives: This study investigated the extent to which controlled changes in work pace in a cyclic pick-and-place task influence upper extremity kinematics and muscle activity, and whether an effect depends on working height.: Methods: Thirteen ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: This study investigated the extent to which controlled changes in work pace in a cyclic pick-and-place task influence upper extremity kinematics and muscle activity, and whether an effect depends on working height. Methods: Thirteen participants performed the task for 4 min at each of five work paces ranging from 8 to 12 cycles·min-1 in each of two experimental conditions where the hand was moved horizontally with an average upper arm elevation of 30° and 50°, respectively. For each work cycle, we calculated the average and standard deviation of the upper arm elevation angle and the activity of the trapezius and deltoid muscles, as well as the angular peak velocity. We summarized these seven variables by calculating averages across cycles and cycle-to-cycle variabilities. Results: At 30° arm elevation, pace significantly influenced within-cycle angle variation, cycle-to-cycle variability of the average angle, angular peak velocity, and cycle-to-cycle variability of peak velocity. However, only angular peak velocity increased monotonically across all paces from 8 to 12 cycles·min-1). Average activity in the trapezius and the deltoid were the only muscle activity variables to increase consistently with pace. These effects of work pace did not change with working height. Conclusion: The present study did not find any consistent work pace effect on upper extremity kinematics and muscle activity, in spite of a comprehensive empirical basis compared to previous literature. While our results suggest that work pace may not be of critical concern in an occupational health context, we encourage further studies verifying or disproving this notion.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Arm/physiology ; Biomechanical Phenomena/physiology ; Cumulative Trauma Disorders/physiopathology ; Cumulative Trauma Disorders/prevention & control ; Deltoid Muscle/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Occupational Injuries/prevention & control ; Superficial Back Muscles/physiology ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2885096-8
ISSN	2398-7316 ; 2398-7308
ISSN (online)	2398-7316
ISSN	2398-7308
DOI	10.1093/annweh/wxx001
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Article ; Online: Towards exposure limits for working postures and musculoskeletal symptoms - a prospective cohort study.

Coenen, Pieter / Douwes, Marjolein / van den Heuvel, Swenneke / Bosch, Tim

Ergonomics

2016 Volume 59, Issue 9, Page(s) 1182–1192

Abstract: Occupational postures are considered to be an important group of risk factors for musculoskeletal pain. However, the exposure-outcome association is not clear yet. Therefore, we aimed to determine the exposure-outcome association of working postures and ... ...

Abstract	Occupational postures are considered to be an important group of risk factors for musculoskeletal pain. However, the exposure-outcome association is not clear yet. Therefore, we aimed to determine the exposure-outcome association of working postures and musculoskeletal symptoms. Also, we aimed to establish exposure limits for working postures. In a prospective cohort study among 789 workers, intensity, frequency and duration of postures were assessed at baseline using observations. Musculoskeletal pain was assessed cross-sectionally and longitudinally and associations of postures and pain were addressed using logistic regression analyses. Cut-off points were estimated based on ROC-curve analyses. Associations were found for kneeling/crouching and low-back pain, neck flexion and rotation and neck pain, trunk flexion and low-back pain, and arm elevation and neck and shoulder pain. The results provide insight into exposure-outcome relations between working postures and musculoskeletal symptoms as well as evidence-based working posture exposure limits that can be used in future guidelines and risk assessment tools. Practitioner Summary: Our study gives insight into exposure-outcome associations of working postures and musculoskeletal symptoms (kneeling/crouching and low-back pain, neck flexion/rotation and neck pain, trunk flexion and low-back pain, and arm elevation and neck and shoulder pain). Results furthermore deliver evidence-based postural exposure limits that can be used in guidelines and risk assessments.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Musculoskeletal Pain/epidemiology ; Musculoskeletal Pain/prevention & control ; Netherlands ; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology ; Occupational Diseases/prevention & control ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects ; Occupational Exposure/analysis ; Occupational Exposure/prevention & control ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Posture/physiology ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1920-3
ISSN	1366-5847 ; 0014-0139
ISSN (online)	1366-5847
ISSN	0014-0139
DOI	10.1080/00140139.2015.1130862
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Article ; Online: The effects of a passive exoskeleton on muscle activity, discomfort and endurance time in forward bending work.

Bosch, Tim / van Eck, Jennifer / Knitel, Karlijn / de Looze, Michiel

Applied ergonomics

2016 Volume 54, Page(s) 212–217

Abstract: Exoskeletons may form a new strategy to reduce the risk of developing low back pain in stressful jobs. In the present study we examined the potential of a so-called passive exoskeleton on muscle activity, discomfort and endurance time in prolonged ... ...

Abstract	Exoskeletons may form a new strategy to reduce the risk of developing low back pain in stressful jobs. In the present study we examined the potential of a so-called passive exoskeleton on muscle activity, discomfort and endurance time in prolonged forward-bended working postures. Eighteen subjects performed two tasks: a simulated assembly task with the trunk in a forward-bended position and static holding of the same trunk position without further activity. We measured the electromyography for muscles in the back, abdomen and legs. We also measured the perceived local discomfort. In the static holding task we determined the endurance, defined as the time that people could continue without passing a specified discomfort threshold. In the assembly task we found lower muscle activity (by 35-38%) and lower discomfort in the low back when wearing the exoskeleton. Additionally, the hip extensor activity was reduced. The exoskeleton led to more discomfort in the chest region. In the task of static holding, we observed that exoskeleton use led to an increase in endurance time from 3.2 to 9.7 min, on average. The results illustrate the good potential of this passive exoskeleton to reduce the internal muscle forces and (reactive) spinal forces in the lumbar region. However, the adoption of an over-extended knee position might be, among others, one of the concerns when using the exoskeleton.
MeSH term(s)	Abdominal Muscles/physiology ; Adult ; Back Muscles/physiology ; Electromyography ; Exoskeleton Device ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Knee Joint/physiology ; Leg/physiology ; Low Back Pain/etiology ; Low Back Pain/prevention & control ; Low Back Pain/psychology ; Lumbosacral Region/physiology ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Occupational Diseases/etiology ; Occupational Diseases/prevention & control ; Occupational Diseases/psychology ; Pain Perception ; Physical Endurance ; Posture/physiology ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Thorax/physiology ; Work/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2003513-5
ISSN	1872-9126 ; 0003-6870
ISSN (online)	1872-9126
ISSN	0003-6870
DOI	10.1016/j.apergo.2015.12.003
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Book ; Online: Evaluation of UV–visible MAX-DOAS aerosol profiling products by comparison with ceilometer, sun photometer, and in situ observations in Vienna, Austria

Schreier, Stefan F. / Bösch, Tim / Richter, Andreas / Lange, Kezia / Revesz, Michael / Weihs, Philipp / Vrekoussis, Mihalis / Lotteraner, Christoph

eISSN: 1867-8548

2021

Abstract: Since May 2017 and August 2018, two ground-based MAX-DOAS (multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy) instruments have been continuously recording daytime spectral UV–visible measurements in the northwest (University of Natural Resources ... ...

Abstract	Since May 2017 and August 2018, two ground-based MAX-DOAS (multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy) instruments have been continuously recording daytime spectral UV–visible measurements in the northwest (University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) site) and south (Arsenal site), respectively, of the Vienna city center (Austria). In this study, vertical aerosol extinction (AE) profiles, aerosol optical depth (AOD), and near-surface AE are retrieved from MAX-DOAS measurements recorded on cloud-free days applying the Bremen Optimal estimation REtrieval for Aerosols and trace gaseS (BOREAS) algorithm. Measurements of atmospheric profiles of pressure and temperature obtained from routinely performed sonde ascents are used to calculate box-air-mass factors and weighting functions for different seasons. The performance of BOREAS was evaluated against co-located ceilometer, sun photometer, and in situ instrument observations covering all four seasons. The results show that the vertical AE profiles retrieved from the BOKU UV–visible MAX-DOAS observations are in very good agreement with data from the co-located ceilometer, reaching correlation coefficients ( R ) of 0.936–0.996 (UV) and 0.918–0.999 (visible) during the fall, winter, and spring seasons. Moreover, AE extracted using the lowest part of MAX-DOAS vertical profiles (up to 100 m above ground) is highly consistent with near-surface ceilometer AE ( R >0.865 and linear regression slopes of 0.815–1.21) during the fall, winter, and spring seasons. A strong correlation is also found for the BOREAS-based AODs when compared to the AERONET ones. Notably, the highest correlation coefficients ( R =0.953 and R =0.939 for UV and visible, respectively) were identified for the fall season. While high correlation coefficients are generally found for the fall, winter, and spring seasons, the results are less reliable for measurements taken during summer. For the first time, the spatial variability of AOD and near-surface AE over the urban environment of Vienna is assessed by analyzing the retrieved and evaluated BOREAS aerosol profiling products in terms of different azimuth angles of the two MAX-DOAS instruments and for different seasons. We found that the relative differences of averaged AOD between different azimuth angles are 7–13 % , depending on the season. Larger relative differences of up to 32 % are found for near-surface AE in the different azimuthal directions. This study revealed the strong capability of BOREAS to retrieve AE profiles, AOD, and near-surface AE over urban environments and demonstrated its use for identifying the spatial variability of aerosols in addition to the temporal variation.
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-03
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
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Book ; Online ; Thesis: Detailed analysis of MAX-DOAS measurements in Bremen

Bösch, Tim Verfasser] / Richter, Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] / Burrows, John P. [Gutachter] / [Wagner, Thomas [Gutachter]

spatial and temporal distribution of aerosols, formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide

2019

Author's details	Tim Bösch ; Gutachter: John P. Burrows, Thomas Wagner ; Betreuer: Andreas Richter
Keywords	Geowissenschaften ; Earth Sciences
Subject code	sg550
Language	English
Publisher	Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
Publishing place	Bremen
Document type	Book ; Online ; Thesis
Database	Digital theses on the web

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Article ; Online: Movement strategy and performance in a high-volume order picking workstation.

Könemann, Reinier / Bosch, Tim / de Looze, Michiel

Work (Reading, Mass.)

2012 Volume 41 Suppl 1, Page(s) 1311–1315

Abstract: The design of a work station generally prescribes a global movement pattern of the operator, but also leaving some degrees of freedom regarding movement strategy. For a specific order picking work station, we studied the movement strategies, the ... ...

Abstract	The design of a work station generally prescribes a global movement pattern of the operator, but also leaving some degrees of freedom regarding movement strategy. For a specific order picking work station, we studied the movement strategies, the underlying factors and its impact on performance. Eight subjects performed a task comprising, the picking and placing of an object and pressing a button in eight conditions varying in product weight, movement direction (left vs. right), and placing distance. Movements were analyzed and cycle times were obtained from video-recordings. We observed various types of strategy regarding hand use and global placing mode (reaching vs. placing). The different strategies did not show clear relationships with performance (in contrast to the various work place factors). Ergonomically spoken, the fact that the workstation allows movement variation without loss of performance, is favorable.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Data Display ; Efficiency, Organizational ; Equipment Design ; Ergonomics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Health ; Posture/physiology ; Psychomotor Performance ; Task Performance and Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2012
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1394194-x
ISSN	1875-9270 ; 1051-9815
ISSN (online)	1875-9270
ISSN	1051-9815
DOI	10.3233/WOR-2012-0316-1311
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Article ; Online: The influence of task variation on manifestation of fatigue is ambiguous - a literature review.

Luger, Tessy / Bosch, Tim / Veeger, Dirkjan / de Looze, Michiel

Ergonomics

2014 Volume 57, Issue 2, Page(s) 162–174

Abstract: Task variation has been proposed to reduce shoulder fatigue resulting from repetitive hand-arm tasks. This review analyses the effect of task variation, both 'temporal (i.e. change of work-rest ratio)' and 'activity (i.e. job rotation)' variation, on ... ...

Abstract	Task variation has been proposed to reduce shoulder fatigue resulting from repetitive hand-arm tasks. This review analyses the effect of task variation, both 'temporal (i.e. change of work-rest ratio)' and 'activity (i.e. job rotation)' variation, on physiological responses, endurance time (ET) and subjective feelings. Pubmed was searched and complemented with references from selected articles, resulting in 17 articles. Temporal variation had some positive effects on the objective parameters, as blood pressure decreased and ET increased, and on the subjective feelings, as perceived discomfort decreased. The observed findings of activity variation showed both positive and negative effects of increased activity variation, while hardly any effects were found on electromyography manifestations of fatigue. In conclusion, the evidence for positive effects of increasing the level of variation is scarce. The number of studies on variation is limited, while in most studies the findings were not controlled for the amount or intensity of work.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Fatigue/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology ; Occupational Health ; Physical Exertion ; Rest ; Time Factors ; Workload ; Workplace/organization & administration
Language	English
Publishing date	2014
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1920-3
ISSN	1366-5847 ; 0014-0139
ISSN (online)	1366-5847
ISSN	0014-0139
DOI	10.1080/00140139.2014.885088
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Article ; Online: Exoskeletons for industrial application and their potential effects on physical work load.

de Looze, Michiel P / Bosch, Tim / Krause, Frank / Stadler, Konrad S / O'Sullivan, Leonard W

Ergonomics

2016 Volume 59, Issue 5, Page(s) 671–681

Abstract: The aim of this review was to provide an overview of assistive exoskeletons that have specifically been developed for industrial purposes and to assess the potential effect of these exoskeletons on reduction of physical loading on the body. The search ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this review was to provide an overview of assistive exoskeletons that have specifically been developed for industrial purposes and to assess the potential effect of these exoskeletons on reduction of physical loading on the body. The search resulted in 40 papers describing 26 different industrial exoskeletons, of which 19 were active (actuated) and 7 were passive (non-actuated). For 13 exoskeletons, the effect on physical loading has been evaluated, mainly in terms of muscle activity. All passive exoskeletons retrieved were aimed to support the low back. Ten-forty per cent reductions in back muscle activity during dynamic lifting and static holding have been reported. Both lower body, trunk and upper body regions could benefit from active exoskeletons. Muscle activity reductions up to 80% have been reported as an effect of active exoskeletons. Exoskeletons have the potential to considerably reduce the underlying factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal injury. Practitioner Summary: Worldwide, a significant interest in industrial exoskeletons does exist, but a lack of specific safety standards and several technical issues hinder mainstay practical use of exoskeletons in industry. Specific issues include discomfort (for passive and active exoskeletons), weight of device, alignment with human anatomy and kinematics, and detection of human intention to enable smooth movement (for active exoskeletons).
MeSH term(s)	Back Muscles ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Exoskeleton Device ; Humans ; Industry ; Man-Machine Systems ; Movement ; Weight-Bearing ; Workload
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1920-3
ISSN	1366-5847 ; 0014-0139
ISSN (online)	1366-5847
ISSN	0014-0139
DOI	10.1080/00140139.2015.1081988
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