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Article ; Online: Role of research Laboratories in pandemic and epidemic response in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Experiences from COVID-19, avian influenza, and MERS-CoV.

Mahmoud, Mona / Badra, Rebecca / Kandeil, Ahmed / El-Shesheny, Rabeh / Abdallah, Jad / Ali, Mohamed A / Kayali, Ghazi

2024 Volume 18, Issue 2, Page(s) e13257

Abstract: We share the experience of research laboratories in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) that contributed to preparedness and response to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and coronavirus ...

Abstract	We share the experience of research laboratories in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) that contributed to preparedness and response to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Research groups in the region were pivotal in identifying, characterizing the pathogens and describing their evolution, distribution, transmission routes, and the immunological profile of exposed populations. They demonstrated the capacity to develop and test antivirals and potential vaccines. The EMR experience is a model of how national systems can work with researchers to improve regional preparedness and response to future epidemics and pandemics.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Laboratories ; Mediterranean Region/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2274538-5
ISSN	1750-2659 ; 1750-2640
ISSN (online)	1750-2659
ISSN	1750-2640
DOI	10.1111/irv.13257
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Article ; Online: State and situation of avian influenza in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

Badra, Rebecca / Abubakar, Abdinasir / Tempia, Stefano / Alam, Noore / ElNaja, Hala Abou / Kayali, Ghazi / Khan, Wasiq

Influenza and other respiratory viruses

2023 Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) e13137

Abstract: Avian influenza viruses have had a significant burden of disease on animal and public health in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. In this review, we aimed at describing the state of avian influenza in the region from 2011 to 2021. We ... ...

Abstract	Avian influenza viruses have had a significant burden of disease on animal and public health in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. In this review, we aimed at describing the state of avian influenza in the region from 2011 to 2021. We gathered information available through the peer-reviewed scientific literature, public gene sequence depositories, OIE World Animal Health Information System platform, World Health Organization FluNet, Joint External Evaluation reports, and governmental, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and World Organization for Animal Health websites. We used an interdisciplinary perspective consistent with the One Health approach to perform a qualitative synthesis and making recommendations. Analysis showed that although avian influenza research in the Eastern Mediterranean Region has gained more attention during the last decade, it was limited to only few countries and to basic science research. Data highlighted the weakness in surveillance systems and reporting platforms causing underestimation of the actual burden of disease among humans and animals. Inter-sectoral communication and collaboration for avian influenza prevention, detection, and response remain weak. Influenza surveillance at the human-animal interface and the application of the One Health paradigm are lacking. Countries' animal health and public health sectors rarely publish their surveillance data and findings. This review suggested that surveillance at the human-animal interface, research, and reporting capacities should be enhanced to improve understanding and control of avian influenza in the region. Implementing a rapid and comprehensive One Health approach for zoonotic influenza in the Eastern Mediterranean Region is recommended.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology ; Influenza in Birds/prevention & control ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Public Health ; World Health Organization ; Global Health ; Mediterranean Region/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2274538-5
ISSN	1750-2659 ; 1750-2640
ISSN (online)	1750-2659
ISSN	1750-2640
DOI	10.1111/irv.13137
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Article: Detection of Coronaviruses in Bats in Lebanon during 2020.

Kandeil, Ahmed / Abi-Said, Mounir / Badra, Rebecca / El-Shesheny, Rabeh / Al-Karmalawy, Ahmed A / Alnajjar, Radwan / Khalid, Zumama / Kamel, Mina Nabil / Abi Habib, Walid / Abdallah, Jad / Dhanasekaran, Vijaykrishna / Webby, Richard / Kayali, Ghazi

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 7

Abstract: Bats are considered the main reservoir of coronaviruses (CoVs), and research evidence suggests the essential role of bats in the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-like viruses have been ... ...

Abstract	Bats are considered the main reservoir of coronaviruses (CoVs), and research evidence suggests the essential role of bats in the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-like viruses have been recently detected in bats in different countries. In 2020, we conducted surveillance for CoVs among six different bat species in Lebanon. Of 622 swab specimens taken, 77 tested positive. Alpha- and Beta- CoVs were identified in samples collected from different species. Our results show that SARS-like coronaviruses circulate in bats in this region, and we provide new data on their genetic diversity. The interaction between the spike of the detected SARS-CoV-like viruses and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor could be crucial in understanding the origin of the epidemic. The 3D protein structure analysis revealed that the receptor-binding domains of the SARS-like virus identified in Lebanon bind to the hACE2 protein more efficiently than to the spike of the SARS-CoV-2 strain. The spike of the detected SARS-CoV-like viruses does not contain the recognition site of furin at the cleavage site. Thus, our study highlights the variety of bat coronaviruses in Lebanon and suggests the zoonotic potential for other SARS-CoV-like viruses.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens12070876
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Article: A novel cystic fibrosis gene mutation c.2490insT in a Palestinian patient: A case report and review of the literature.

Chami, Hassan / Arbid, Samer Abou / Badra, Rebecca / Farra, Chantal

Annals of thoracic medicine

2017 Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 290–293

Abstract: We report the case of a 19-year-old male patient of Palestinian descent, who presented with a 1-year history of ... ...

Abstract	We report the case of a 19-year-old male patient of Palestinian descent, who presented with a 1-year history of recurrent
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10-26
Publishing country	India
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2241287-6
ISSN	1998-3557 ; 1817-1737
ISSN (online)	1998-3557
ISSN	1817-1737
DOI	10.4103/atm.ATM_76_17
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Article ; Online: Incidence and seroprevalence of seasonal influenza a viruses in Egypt: Results of a community-based cohort study.

Gomaa, Mokhtar R / Badra, Rebecca / El Rifay, Amira S / Kandeil, Ahmed / Kamel, Mina N / Abo Shama, Noura M / El-Shesheny, Rabeh / Barakat, Ahmed B / Ali, Mohamed A / Kayali, Ghazi

Influenza and other respiratory viruses

2022 Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) 749–755

Abstract: Background: H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses circulate in people as seasonal influenza viruses. Data on influenza infection rates and circulation in demographic subpopulations in Egypt are limited. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence and ...

Abstract	Background: H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses circulate in people as seasonal influenza viruses. Data on influenza infection rates and circulation in demographic subpopulations in Egypt are limited. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence and seroprevalence of seasonal influenza A virus infections in a cohort of rural Egyptians between 2017 and 2020. Methods: A total of 2383 subjects were enrolled from 390 households in five study sites in Northern Egypt. Informed consents were obtained. Sera were collected from participants on an annual basis (Baseline: 2016-2017, Follow up 1: 2017-2018, Follow up 2: 2018-2019, and Follow up 3: 2019-2020) to determine seroprevalence of antibodies against H1N1 and H3N2 viruses by hemagglutination inhibition assay and to estimate incidence based on seroconversion. Results: Seropositivity against H1N1 was over 40% and over 60% against H3N2. The high seroprevalence was due to natural infection because participants were mostly unvaccinated. Seropositive participants were younger than seronegative participants indicating that the infection rate is higher in children. Incidence of both viruses ranged from 4% to 28% depending on study year. The incidence and seroprevalence of H3N2 and H1N1 infections at Follow up 1, 2, and 3 showed an increase at Follow up 2 observed for all age categories corresponding to season 2018-2019, at which the vaccine efficacy was the lowest worldwide compared with preceding and following seasons. Conclusions: This cohort study provided estimates of influenza A infection rates among rural Egyptians. We recommend updating influenza vaccination programs to focus on such populations.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Viral ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Egypt/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; Influenza A virus ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human ; Seasons ; Seroepidemiologic Studies
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Influenza Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2274538-5
ISSN	1750-2659 ; 1750-2640
ISSN (online)	1750-2659
ISSN	1750-2640
DOI	10.1111/irv.12974
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Article ; Online: Prevalence and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in Lebanon.

Bahlawan, Omar / Badra, Rebecca / Semaan, Hanna / Fayad, Nancy / Kamel, Mina Nabil / El Taweel, Ahmed N / Gomaa, Mokhtar R / Sirawan, Abeer / Berry, Atika / Mokhbat, Jacques / Goldstein, Jimi / Abdallah, Jad / Kayali, Ghazi

Archives of virology

2022 Volume 167, Issue 7, Page(s) 1509–1519

Abstract: According to the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, more than 1,053,000 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been confirmed in Lebanon so far. The actual number of cases is likely to be higher. We ... ...

Abstract	According to the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, more than 1,053,000 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been confirmed in Lebanon so far. The actual number of cases is likely to be higher. We conducted a serological study from October 2020 to April 2021 to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and identify associated factors. Serum samples as well as demographic, health, and behavioral data were collected from 2,783 subjects. Sera were tested by microneutralization assay. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 58.9% of the study population. The positivity rate increased over the study period. It was highest among the group who remained at work during the COVID-19 pandemic and in peri-urban areas with limited adherence to preventive measures. Sex and age were associated with positivity. Reported previous COVID-19, exposure to a COVID-19 patient in the family, and attending gatherings were associated with increased prevalence. Not taking any precautionary measures against COVID-19 was a risk factor, whereas precautionary measures such as working from home and washing hands were protective. The high neutralizing antibody seroprevalence rates detected in this study emphasize the high transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community. Adherence to preventive measures and non-pharmaceutical interventions imposed by the government is recommended.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Lebanon/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Seroepidemiologic Studies
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-21
Publishing country	Austria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	7491-3
ISSN	1432-8798 ; 0304-8608
ISSN (online)	1432-8798
ISSN	0304-8608
DOI	10.1007/s00705-022-05470-2
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Article ; Online: Pachydermoperiostosis genetic screening in Lebanese families uncovers a novel SLCO2A1mutation.

Saadeh, D / Kurban, M / Ghosn, S / Btadini, W / Nemer, G / Arayssi, T / Uthman, I / Badra, R / Farra, C

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV

2015 Volume 29, Issue 12, Page(s) 2489–2490

MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Codon, Nonsense ; Family ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Lebanon ; Male ; Organic Anion Transporters/genetics ; Osteoarthropathy, Primary Hypertrophic/genetics ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Codon, Nonsense ; Organic Anion Transporters ; SLCO2A1 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1128828-0
ISSN	1468-3083 ; 0926-9959
ISSN (online)	1468-3083
ISSN	0926-9959
DOI	10.1111/jdv.12584
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Zs.A 3492: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Cross-species spill-over potential of the H9N2 bat influenza A virus.

El-Shesheny, Rabeh / Franks, John / Kandeil, Ahmed / Badra, Rebecca / Turner, Jasmine / Seiler, Patrick / Marathe, Bindumadhav M / Jeevan, Trushar / Kercher, Lisa / Hu, Meng / Sim, Yul Eum / Hui, Kenrie P Y / Chan, Michael C W / Thompson, Andrew J / McKenzie, Pamela / Govorkova, Elena A / Russell, Charles J / Vogel, Peter / Paulson, James C /

Peiris, J S Malik / Webster, Robert G / Ali, Mohamed A / Kayali, Ghazi / Webby, Richard J

Nature communications

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 3449

Abstract: In 2017, a novel influenza A virus (IAV) was isolated from an Egyptian fruit bat. In contrast to other bat influenza viruses, the virus was related to avian A(H9N2) viruses and was probably the result of a bird-to-bat transmission event. To determine the ...

Abstract	In 2017, a novel influenza A virus (IAV) was isolated from an Egyptian fruit bat. In contrast to other bat influenza viruses, the virus was related to avian A(H9N2) viruses and was probably the result of a bird-to-bat transmission event. To determine the cross-species spill-over potential, we biologically characterize features of A/bat/Egypt/381OP/2017(H9N2). The virus has a pH inactivation profile and neuraminidase activity similar to those of human-adapted IAVs. Despite the virus having an avian virus-like preference for α2,3 sialic acid receptors, it is unable to replicate in male mallard ducks; however, it readily infects ex-vivo human respiratory cell cultures and replicates in the lungs of female mice. A/bat/Egypt/381OP/2017 replicates in the upper respiratory tract of experimentally-infected male ferrets featuring direct-contact and airborne transmission. These data suggest that the bat A(H9N2) virus has features associated with increased risk to humans without a shift to a preference for α2,6 sialic acid receptors.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chiroptera/virology ; Humans ; Ferrets/virology ; Female ; Male ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/physiology ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/isolation & purification ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/transmission ; Mice ; Ducks/virology ; Virus Replication ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Influenza, Human/transmission ; Lung/virology ; Influenza in Birds/virology ; Influenza in Birds/transmission ; Neuraminidase/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface
Chemical Substances	Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18) ; sialic acid receptor ; Receptors, Cell Surface
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-024-47635-4
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Article ; Online: Co-infection with different serotypes of FMDV in vaccinated cattle in Southern Egypt.

Al-Hosary, Amira Adel / Kandeil, Ahmed / El-Taweel, Ahmed Nageh / Nordengrahn, Ann / Merza, Malik / Badra, Rebecca / Kayali, Ghazi / Ali, Mohamed A

Virus genes

2019 Volume 55, Issue 3, Page(s) 304–313

Abstract: During 2015-2016 period, an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was observed in cattle in four governorates of the upper of Egypt. The infection was extended to the vaccinated cattle. A total of 54 mouth swabs and serum samples were collected ...

Abstract	During 2015-2016 period, an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) was observed in cattle in four governorates of the upper of Egypt. The infection was extended to the vaccinated cattle. A total of 54 mouth swabs and serum samples were collected from vaccinated cattle for serological and virological investigation. The typical clinical signs of FMDV infection were observed in all cattle under investigation. All samples were positive for FMDV using molecular methods, while the serological method showed 85% positive of tested samples. Typing of FMDV-positive samples using serotype-specific primers showed that 51.8% of samples were serotype O, 9.2% were serotype A, and 18.5% were SAT 2. Surprisingly, co-infections of serotypes A/SAT 2 (12.9%) and O/SAT 2 (7.4%) were also detected. By geographical location, the 3 serotypes A, O, and SAT2 were detected in all four governorates. The phylogenetic assessment of the detected viruses showed that two distinct groups of FMDV serotype O of East Africa-3 (EA-3) topotype were most closely related to circulating viruses in Sudan, as well as FMDV strains belonging to the topotype VII of serotype SAT 2. The detected SAT 2 strains clustered in separate clades in topotype VII, indicating new incursions. The VP1 signatures and protein sequences of some characterized viruses were analyzed. Multiple mutations were detected in VP1. Therefore, to enhance the control of FMD in Egypt, we recommend establishing an active surveillance system to characterize newly emerging virus strains/serotypes and subsequently updating vaccine strains.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/blood ; Cattle Diseases/genetics ; Cattle Diseases/virology ; Coinfection/blood ; Coinfection/genetics ; Coinfection/veterinary ; Coinfection/virology ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Egypt ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/blood ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/genetics ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/virology ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/classification ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/genetics ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/pathogenicity ; Phylogeny ; Serogroup
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639496-6
ISSN	1572-994X ; 0920-8569
ISSN (online)	1572-994X
ISSN	0920-8569
DOI	10.1007/s11262-019-01645-3
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Zs.A 2397: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Insights into Genetic Characteristics and Virological Features of Endemic Avian Influenza A (H9N2) Viruses in Egypt from 2017-2021.

El Sayes, Mohamed / Kandeil, Ahmed / Moatasim, Yassmin / El Taweel, Ahmed / Rubrum, Adam / Kutkat, Omnia / Kamel, Mina Nabil / Badra, Rebecca / Barakat, Ahmed B / McKenzie, Pamela P / El-Shesheny, Rabeh / Webby, Richard J / Kayali, Ghazi / Ali, Mohamed Ahmed

Viruses

2022 Volume 14, Issue 7

Abstract: From 2010 to 2013, genotype I avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses of the G1-lineage were isolated from several poultry species in Egypt. In 2014, novel reassortant H9N2 viruses were detected in pigeons designated as genotype II. To monitor the subsequent ... ...

Abstract	From 2010 to 2013, genotype I avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses of the G1-lineage were isolated from several poultry species in Egypt. In 2014, novel reassortant H9N2 viruses were detected in pigeons designated as genotype II. To monitor the subsequent genetic evolution of Egyptian A(H9N2) viruses, we characterized the full genomes of 173 viruses isolated through active surveillance from 2017 to 2022. In addition, we compared the virological characteristics and pathogenicity of representative viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA indicated that all studied sequences from 2017-2021 were grouped into G1-like H9N2 viruses previously detected in Egypt. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Egyptian A(H9N2) viruses had undergone further reassortment, inheriting four genes (PB2, PB1, PA, NS) from genotype II, with their remaining segments deriving from genotype I viruses (these viruses designated as genotype III). Studying the virological features of the two most dominant genotypes (I and III) of Egyptian H9N2 viruses in vitro and in vivo indicated that both replicated well in mammalian cells, but did not show any clinical signs in chickens, ducks, and mice. Monitoring avian influenza viruses through surveillance programs and understanding the genetic and antigenic characteristics of circulating H9N2 viruses are essential for risk assessment and influenza pandemic preparedness.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chickens ; Egypt/epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human ; Mammals ; Mice ; Phylogeny ; Reassortant Viruses
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v14071484
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