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Article ; Online: Use of Germination to Enhance Resveratrol Content and Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells.

Monmai, Chaiwat / Kim, Jin-Suk / Baek, So-Hyeon

2023 Volume 28, Issue 13

Abstract: Inflammation is triggered by a variety of danger signals and is now a worldwide concern. Resveratrol, a natural nonflavonoid polyphenol found in naturally consumed plants and foods, has a wide spectrum of bioactive potency. We successfully generated ... ...

Abstract	Inflammation is triggered by a variety of danger signals and is now a worldwide concern. Resveratrol, a natural nonflavonoid polyphenol found in naturally consumed plants and foods, has a wide spectrum of bioactive potency. We successfully generated resveratrol-enriched rice by introducing the resveratrol biosynthesis gene into Dongjin rice. In this study, resveratrol- and piceid-enriched rice (DJ526) was investigated for its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells compared to normal rice (DJ). In addition, the 5-day-old germinated DJ526 (DJ526_5) was tested for its anti-inflammatory effects. The piceid and resveratrol amounts increased in DJ526_5 by germination. Treatment of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with resveratrol-enriched rice seed extracts (DJ526_0 and DJ526_5) significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Resveratrol/pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Stilbenes/pharmacology ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Resveratrol (Q369O8926L) ; Lipopolysaccharides ; polydatin (XM261C37CQ) ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Stilbenes ; NF-kappa B ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (EC 1.14.13.39)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules28134898
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Germinated Rice Seeds Improved Resveratrol Production to Suppress Adipogenic and Inflammatory Molecules in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

Monmai, Chaiwat / Kim, Jin-Suk / Baek, So-Hyeon

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 28, Issue 15

Abstract: Obesity is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases and contributes to chronic inflammation. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring antioxidant that can reduce adipogenesis. In this study, the antiadipogenic and anti-inflammatory activities of ... ...

Abstract	Obesity is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases and contributes to chronic inflammation. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring antioxidant that can reduce adipogenesis. In this study, the antiadipogenic and anti-inflammatory activities of resveratrol-enriched rice were investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Cotreatment of dexamethasone and isobutylmethylxanthin upregulated adipogenic transcription factors and signaling pathways. Subsequent treatment of adipocytes with rice seed extracts suppressed the differentiation of 3T3-L1 by downregulating adipogenic transcription factors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α) and signaling pathways (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and protein kinase B Akt), this was especially observed in cells treated with germinated resveratrol-enriched rice seed extract (DJ526_5). DJ526_5 treatment also markedly reduced lipid accumulation in the cells and expression of adipogenic genes. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokines (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Adipogenesis ; Oryza/metabolism ; Resveratrol/pharmacology ; Resveratrol/metabolism ; 3T3-L1 Cells ; Cell Differentiation ; Obesity/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Seeds/metabolism ; Adipocytes ; PPAR gamma/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Resveratrol (Q369O8926L) ; Transcription Factors ; PPAR gamma
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules28155750
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Article: Effect of Ginseng Sapogenin Protopanaxadiol-Enriched Rice (DJ-PPD) on Immunomodulation.

Monmai, Chaiwat / Kim, Jin-Suk / Baek, So-Hyeon

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 4

Abstract: Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a gut microbiome-induced ginseng metabolite, has positive immune effects. We previously reported the immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory effects of PPD-enricshed rice seed extracts in normal and inflammatory cell environments, ... ...

Abstract	Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a gut microbiome-induced ginseng metabolite, has positive immune effects. We previously reported the immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory effects of PPD-enricshed rice seed extracts in normal and inflammatory cell environments, respectively. In the present study, the immunomodulatory activity of PPD-enriched transgenic rice seed extract (DJ-PPD), which exhibited the highest immune-related activity among all available extracts, was compared with that of commercially synthesized 20s-PPD (S-PPD) and natural ginseng root extract (GE), in RAW264.7 cells. Compared with S-PPD and GE treatment, DJ-PPD treatment (i) significantly promoted NF-κB p65 and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) phosphorylation; (ii) upregulated
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants12040767
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Article: Protopanaxadiol-Enriched Rice Extracts Suppressed Oxidative and Melanogenic Activities in Melan-a Cells.

Monmai, Chaiwat / Kim, Jin-Suk / Promyot, Karantharat / Baek, So-Hyeon

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 1

Abstract: Concerns about hyperpigmentation and skin appearance have led to increasing research into the prevention and altering of skin pigmentation. Natural compounds may be of interest in the search for skin-lightening actives. Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a gut ... ...

Abstract	Concerns about hyperpigmentation and skin appearance have led to increasing research into the prevention and altering of skin pigmentation. Natural compounds may be of interest in the search for skin-lightening actives. Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a gut microbiome-induced ginseng metabolite, has been reported to have anti-melanogenic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidative and anti-melanogenic effects of PPD-enriched rice seed extracts on melan-a cells. The antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of the extracts were investigated in melan-a cells before measuring their responses to melanogenic activities. The extracts significantly enhanced the antioxidant potency compared with normal rice seed extract. PPD-enriched rice seed extracts (i) significantly downregulated microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, which led to a reduction in tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 and -2, (ii) decrease in the cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content, (iii) reduction in the number of melanin-containing cells, (iv) promotion of melanogenesis downregulators, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and protein kinase B, and (v) downregulation of the phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and melanin synthesis. These results indicate the feasibility of PPD-enriched rice seed extracts as a novel agent for suppressing melanogenesis and controlling hyperpigmentation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704216-9
ISSN	2076-3921
ISSN	2076-3921
DOI	10.3390/antiox12010166
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Transgenic Rice Seed Extracts Exert Immunomodulatory Effects by Modulating Immune-Related Biomarkers in RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells.

Monmai, Chaiwat / Kim, Jin-Suk / Baek, So-Hyeon

Nutrients

2022 Volume 14, Issue 19

Abstract: Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a native active triterpenoid present ... ...

Abstract	Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a native active triterpenoid present in
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Cytokines/genetics ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Dinoprostone/metabolism ; Inflammation/metabolism ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/genetics ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oryza/genetics ; Oryza/metabolism ; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Sapogenins/pharmacology ; Seeds/metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Biomarkers ; Cytokines ; Lipopolysaccharides ; NF-kappa B ; Plant Extracts ; Sapogenins ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; Dinoprostone (K7Q1JQR04M) ; protopanaxadiol (P6717R7BP8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14194143
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Enhanced Anti-Skin-Aging Activity of Yeast Extract-Treated Resveratrol Rice DJ526.

Kantayos, Vipada / Kim, Jin-Suk / Baek, So-Hyeon

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 27, Issue 6

Abstract: Resveratrol is a powerful antioxidant that defends against oxidative stress in cells but is not found in large quantities in plants. Resveratrol-enriched rice DJ526, which was developed as a functional crop, shows a diverse range of biological activities. ...

Abstract	Resveratrol is a powerful antioxidant that defends against oxidative stress in cells but is not found in large quantities in plants. Resveratrol-enriched rice DJ526, which was developed as a functional crop, shows a diverse range of biological activities. Resveratrol production is measured as total resveratrol and its glycoside, piceid, which is mainly found in plant-derived resveratrol. In the present study, elicitation using yeast extract (YE), methyl jasmonate, and jasmonic acid increased resveratrol production in DJ526 rice seeds. DJ526 seeds elicited using 1 g/L (YE1) and 5 g/L yeast extract (YE5) showed enhanced resveratrol production and antioxidant activity. YE5-treated DJ526 seeds showed decreased melanin content by 46.1% and 37.0% compared with the negative control and DJ526 (non-elicitation), respectively. Both YE1 and YE5 efficiently improved the wound-healing activity by reducing the wound gap faster than in untreated cells, with a maximum rate of 60.2% at 24 h and complete closure at 48 h. YE1 and YE5 significantly decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, and enhanced collagen synthesis in inflammatory cells. These findings indicate that YE-treated resveratrol rice DJ526 may improve resveratrol production and could be an active antiaging ingredient for cosmetic and skin therapy applications.
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Oryza ; Resveratrol/pharmacology ; Skin Aging
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Resveratrol (Q369O8926L)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules27061951
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Article ; Online: Protopanaxadiol-Enriched Rice Extracts Suppressed Oxidative and Melanogenic Activities in Melan-a Cells

Monmai, Chaiwat / Kim, Jin-Suk / Promyot, Karantharat / Baek, So-Hyeon

Antioxidants. 2023 Jan. 10, v. 12, no. 1

2023

Abstract	Concerns about hyperpigmentation and skin appearance have led to increasing research into the prevention and altering of skin pigmentation. Natural compounds may be of interest in the search for skin-lightening actives. Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a gut microbiome-induced ginseng metabolite, has been reported to have anti-melanogenic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidative and anti-melanogenic effects of PPD-enriched rice seed extracts on melan-a cells. The antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of the extracts were investigated in melan-a cells before measuring their responses to melanogenic activities. The extracts significantly enhanced the antioxidant potency compared with normal rice seed extract. PPD-enriched rice seed extracts (i) significantly downregulated microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, which led to a reduction in tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 and -2, (ii) decrease in the cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content, (iii) reduction in the number of melanin-containing cells, (iv) promotion of melanogenesis downregulators, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and protein kinase B, and (v) downregulation of the phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and melanin synthesis. These results indicate the feasibility of PPD-enriched rice seed extracts as a novel agent for suppressing melanogenesis and controlling hyperpigmentation.
Keywords	Panax ; antioxidants ; cytotoxicity ; digestive system ; hyperpigmentation ; melanin ; melanogenesis ; metabolites ; mitogen-activated protein kinase ; non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase ; phosphorylation ; pigmentation ; rice ; seed extracts ; transcription factors
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0110
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2704216-9
ISSN	2076-3921
ISSN	2076-3921
DOI	10.3390/antiox12010166
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Alteration of resveratrol-dependent glycosyltransferase activity by elicitation in DJ-526 rice.

Kantayos, Vipada / Kim, Jin-Suk / Baek, So-Hyeon

GM crops & food

2021 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 242–250

Abstract: Since the successful creation of DJ-526, a resveratrol-enriched rice cultivar, research has focused on resveratrol production because of its great potential in pharmaceutical applications. However, the utilization of resveratrol in DJ-526 is limited by ... ...

Abstract	Since the successful creation of DJ-526, a resveratrol-enriched rice cultivar, research has focused on resveratrol production because of its great potential in pharmaceutical applications. However, the utilization of resveratrol in DJ-526 is limited by glycosylation, which converts resveratrol to its glucoside (piceid), in a process driven by glycosyltransferase. The verification of resveratrol-dependent glycosyltransferase activity is an essential strategy for improving resveratrol production in DJ-526 rice. In this study, 27 candidate glycosyltransferases were evaluated in germinated seeds. Among the candidates, only R12 exhibited upregulation related to increased resveratrol and piceid content during seed germination, whereas various effects on the activity of glycosyltransferase were observed by the presence of a bio-elicitor. Yeast extract tended to enhance glycosyltransferase activity by seven candidates, and a specific peak for an unknown compound production was identified. Conversely, chitosan acted as a glycosyltransferase inhibitor. Our results suggested that R12 and R19 are the most relevant candidate resveratrol-dependent glycosyltransferases in DJ-526 seeds during germination and elicitation. Future research should assess the possibility of silencing these candidate genes in an effort to improve resveratrol levels in DJ-526 rice.
MeSH term(s)	Germination ; Glycosyltransferases/genetics ; Oryza/genetics ; Resveratrol ; Seeds
Chemical Substances	Glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4.-) ; Resveratrol (Q369O8926L)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2706099-8
ISSN	2164-5701 ; 2164-5698
ISSN (online)	2164-5701
ISSN	2164-5698
DOI	10.1080/21645698.2020.1859314
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Enhancing Resveratrol Bioproduction and Anti-Melanogenic Activities through Elicitation in DJ526 Cell Suspension.

Kantayos, Vipada / Kim, Jin-Suk / Baek, So-Hyeon

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 10, Issue 8

Abstract: Resveratrol, a secondary plant metabolite, and its derivatives, including piceid, show several potential health-related biological activities. However, resveratrol production is uncommon in plants; thus, resveratrol-enriched rice (DJ526) is produced for ... ...

Abstract	Resveratrol, a secondary plant metabolite, and its derivatives, including piceid, show several potential health-related biological activities. However, resveratrol production is uncommon in plants; thus, resveratrol-enriched rice (DJ526) is produced for its nutritional and therapeutic value. Here, a DJ526 cell suspension was treated with various elicitors to determine its resveratrol-production potential and elicit its biological activity. Treatments with most elicitors produced more piceid than resveratrol; as elicitation periods increased, the average piceid levels were 75-fold higher than resveratrol levels. This increase is associated with glycosylation during growth and development. The duration of exposure and concentrations of elicitors were crucial factors affecting resveratrol synthase expression. Of all the elicitors tested, jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were strong elicitors; they increased resveratrol production to ≤115.1 μg g
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants10081653
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Article ; Online: Inhibitory Effects of Polyphenol- and Flavonoid-Enriched Rice Seed Extract on Melanogenesis in Melan-a Cells via MAPK Signaling-Mediated MITF Downregulation.

Monmai, Chaiwat / Kim, Jin-Suk / Chin, Joong Hyoun / Lee, Sanghyun / Baek, So-Hyeon

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 14

Abstract: Melanin production is an important process that prevents the host skin from harmful ultraviolet radiation; however, an overproduction of melanin results in skin diseases. In the present study, we determined the antioxidative and anti-melanogenic ... ...

Abstract	Melanin production is an important process that prevents the host skin from harmful ultraviolet radiation; however, an overproduction of melanin results in skin diseases. In the present study, we determined the antioxidative and anti-melanogenic activities of polyphenol- and flavonoid-enriched rice seed extracts in melan-a cells. The polyphenol and flavonoid content of Hopum (HP) and Sebok (SB) rice seed extracts was measured. The antioxidant capacity was determined using the ABTS radical scavenging method. SB contained high amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids, which significantly increased antioxidative activity compared with HP. Various concentrations of these extracts were evaluated in a cytotoxicity using melan-a cells. At 100 µg/mL, there was no significant difference for all treatments compared with untreated cells. Therefore, 100 µg/mL was selected as a concentration for the further experiments. SB significantly suppressed the phosphorylation/activation of p-38 MAPK, increased the expression of phosphorylated ERK 1/2 and Akt, and downregulated the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). This resulted in decreased levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 and -2. These results indicate the potential of polyphenol- and flavonoid-enriched rice seed as a treatment for hyperpigmentation.
MeSH term(s)	Melanins/metabolism ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; Polyphenols/pharmacology ; Down-Regulation ; Oryza/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor/metabolism ; MART-1 Antigen/metabolism ; MART-1 Antigen/pharmacology ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Monophenol Monooxygenase/metabolism ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor
Chemical Substances	Melanins ; Flavonoids ; Polyphenols ; Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor ; MART-1 Antigen ; Monophenol Monooxygenase (EC 1.14.18.1) ; Plant Extracts
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms241411841
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