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Article: Light Harvesting in Fluctuating Environments: Evolution and Function of Antenna Proteins across Photosynthetic Lineage.

Bag, Pushan

2021 Volume 10, Issue 6

Abstract: Photosynthesis is the major natural process that can harvest and harness solar energy into chemical energy. Photosynthesis is performed by a vast number of organisms from single cellular bacteria to higher plants and to make the process efficient, all ... ...

Abstract	Photosynthesis is the major natural process that can harvest and harness solar energy into chemical energy. Photosynthesis is performed by a vast number of organisms from single cellular bacteria to higher plants and to make the process efficient, all photosynthetic organisms possess a special type of pigment protein complex(es) that is (are) capable of trapping light energy, known as photosynthetic light-harvesting antennae. From an evolutionary point of view, simpler (unicellular) organisms typically have a simple antenna, whereas higher plants possess complex antenna systems. The higher complexity of the antenna systems provides efficient fine tuning of photosynthesis. This relationship between the complexity of the antenna and the increasing complexity of the organism is mainly related to the remarkable acclimation capability of complex organisms under fluctuating environmental conditions. These antenna complexes not only harvest light, but also provide photoprotection under fluctuating light conditions. In this review, the evolution, structure, and function of different antenna complexes, from single cellular organisms to higher plants, are discussed in the context of the ability to acclimate and adapt to cope under fluctuating environmental conditions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants10061184
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Article: Light Harvesting in Fluctuating Environments: Evolution and Function of Antenna Proteins across Photosynthetic Lineage

Bag, Pushan

Plants. 2021 June 10, v. 10, no. 6

2021

Abstract	Photosynthesis is the major natural process that can harvest and harness solar energy into chemical energy. Photosynthesis is performed by a vast number of organisms from single cellular bacteria to higher plants and to make the process efficient, all photosynthetic organisms possess a special type of pigment protein complex(es) that is (are) capable of trapping light energy, known as photosynthetic light-harvesting antennae. From an evolutionary point of view, simpler (unicellular) organisms typically have a simple antenna, whereas higher plants possess complex antenna systems. The higher complexity of the antenna systems provides efficient fine tuning of photosynthesis. This relationship between the complexity of the antenna and the increasing complexity of the organism is mainly related to the remarkable acclimation capability of complex organisms under fluctuating environmental conditions. These antenna complexes not only harvest light, but also provide photoprotection under fluctuating light conditions. In this review, the evolution, structure, and function of different antenna complexes, from single cellular organisms to higher plants, are discussed in the context of the ability to acclimate and adapt to cope under fluctuating environmental conditions.
Keywords	acclimation ; energy ; evolution ; photosynthesis ; radiation resistance ; solar energy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0610
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants10061184
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Article ; Online: ChloroSpec: A new in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence spectrometer for simultaneous wavelength- and time-resolved detection.

Nanda, Sanchali / Shutova, Tatyana / Cainzos, Maximiliano / Bag, Pushan / Jansson, Stefan / Holzwarth, Alfred R

Physiologia plantarum

2024 Volume 176, Issue 2, Page(s) e14306

Abstract: Chlorophyll fluorescence is a ubiquitous tool in basic and applied plant science research. Various standard commercial instruments are available for characterization of photosynthetic material like leaves or microalgae, most of which integrate the ... ...

Abstract	Chlorophyll fluorescence is a ubiquitous tool in basic and applied plant science research. Various standard commercial instruments are available for characterization of photosynthetic material like leaves or microalgae, most of which integrate the overall fluorescence signals above a certain cut-off wavelength. However, wavelength-resolved (fluorescence signals appearing at different wavelengths having different time dependent decay) signals contain vast information required to decompose complex signals and processes into their underlying components that can untangle the photo-physiological process of photosynthesis. Hence, to address this we describe an advanced chlorophyll fluorescence spectrometer - ChloroSpec - allowing three-dimensional simultaneous detection of fluorescence intensities at different wavelengths in a time-resolved manner. We demonstrate for a variety of typical examples that most of the generally used fluorescence parameters are strongly wavelength dependent. This indicates a pronounced heterogeneity and a highly dynamic nature of the thylakoid and the photosynthetic apparatus under actinic illumination. Furthermore, we provide examples of advanced global analysis procedures integrating this three-dimensional signal and relevant information extracted from them that relate to the physiological properties of the organism. This conveniently obtained broad range of data can make ChloroSpec a new standard tool in photosynthesis research.
MeSH term(s)	Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence/instrumentation ; Photosynthesis/physiology ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Fluorescence ; Thylakoids/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Chlorophyll (1406-65-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-24
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2020837-6
ISSN	1399-3054 ; 0031-9317
ISSN (online)	1399-3054
ISSN	0031-9317
DOI	10.1111/ppl.14306
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Article: Nitrate fertilization may delay autumn leaf senescence, while amino acid treatments do not

Fataftah, Nazeer / Edlund, Erik / Lihavainen, Jenna / Bag, Pushan / Björkén, Lars / Näsholm, Torgny / Jansson, Stefan

Physiologia plantarum. 2022 May, v. 174, no. 3

2022

Abstract: Fertilization with nitrogen (N)‐rich compounds leads to increased growth but may compromise phenology and winter survival of trees in boreal regions. During autumn, N is remobilized from senescing leaves and stored in other parts of the tree to be used ... ...

Abstract	Fertilization with nitrogen (N)‐rich compounds leads to increased growth but may compromise phenology and winter survival of trees in boreal regions. During autumn, N is remobilized from senescing leaves and stored in other parts of the tree to be used in the next growing season. However, the mechanism behind the N fertilization effect on winter survival is not well understood, and it is unclear how N levels or forms modulate autumn senescence. We performed fertilization experiments and showed that treating Populus saplings with inorganic nitrogen resulted in a delay in senescence. In addition, by using precise delivery of solutes into the xylem stream of Populus trees in their natural environment, we found that delay of autumn senescence was dependent on the form of N administered: inorganic N (NO3−) delayed senescence, but amino acids (Arg, Glu, Gln, and Leu) did not. Metabolite profiling of leaves showed that the levels of tricarboxylic acids, arginine catabolites (ammonium, ornithine), glycine, glycine‐serine ratio and overall carbon‐to‐nitrogen (C/N) ratio were affected differently by the way of applying NO₃⁻ and Arg treatments. In addition, the onset of senescence did not coincide with soluble sugar accumulation in control trees or in any of the treatments. We propose that different regulation of C and N status through direct molecular signaling of NO₃⁻ and/or different allocation of N between tree parts depending on N forms could account for the contrasting effects of NO₃⁻ and tested here amino acids (Arg, Glu, Gln, and Leu) on autumn senescence.
Keywords	Populus ; ammonium ; arginine ; autumn ; leaves ; metabolites ; nitrates ; nitrogen ; ornithine ; overwintering ; phenology ; sugars ; transpiration
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-05
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2020837-6
ISSN	1399-3054 ; 0031-9317
ISSN (online)	1399-3054
ISSN	0031-9317
DOI	10.1111/ppl.13690
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Article ; Online: Solubilization Method for Isolation of Photosynthetic Mega- and Super-complexes from Conifer Thylakoids.

Bag, Pushan / Schröder, Wolfgang P / Jansson, Stefan / Farci, Domenica

Bio-protocol

2021 Volume 11, Issue 17, Page(s) e4144

Abstract: Photosynthesis is the main process by which sunlight is harvested and converted into chemical energy and has been a focal point of fundamental research in plant biology for decades. In higher plants, the process takes place in the thylakoid membranes ... ...

Abstract	Photosynthesis is the main process by which sunlight is harvested and converted into chemical energy and has been a focal point of fundamental research in plant biology for decades. In higher plants, the process takes place in the thylakoid membranes where the two photosystems (PSI and PSII) are located. In the past few decades, the evolution of biophysical and biochemical techniques allowed detailed studies of the thylakoid organization and the interaction between protein complexes and cofactors. These studies have mainly focused on model plants, such as
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2833269-6
ISSN	2331-8325 ; 2331-8325
ISSN (online)	2331-8325
ISSN	2331-8325
DOI	10.21769/BioProtoc.4144
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Article ; Online: The RPN12a proteasome subunit is essential for the multiple hormonal homeostasis controlling the progression of leaf senescence.

Boussardon, Clément / Bag, Pushan / Juvany, Marta / Šimura, Jan / Ljung, Karin / Jansson, Stefan / Keech, Olivier

Communications biology

2022 Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) 1043

Abstract: The 26S proteasome is a conserved multi-subunit machinery in eukaryotes. It selectively degrades ubiquitinated proteins, which in turn provides an efficient molecular mechanism to regulate numerous cellular functions and developmental processes. Here, we ...

Abstract	The 26S proteasome is a conserved multi-subunit machinery in eukaryotes. It selectively degrades ubiquitinated proteins, which in turn provides an efficient molecular mechanism to regulate numerous cellular functions and developmental processes. Here, we studied a new loss-of-function allele of RPN12a, a plant ortholog of the yeast and human structural component of the 19S proteasome RPN12. Combining a set of biochemical and molecular approaches, we confirmed that a rpn12a knock-out had exacerbated 20S and impaired 26S activities. The altered proteasomal activity led to a pleiotropic phenotype affecting both the vegetative growth and reproductive phase of the plant, including a striking repression of leaf senescence associate cell-death. Further investigation demonstrated that RPN12a is involved in the regulation of several conjugates associated with the auxin, cytokinin, ethylene and jasmonic acid homeostasis. Such enhanced aptitude of plant cells for survival in rpn12a contrasts with reports on animals, where 26S proteasome mutants generally show an accelerated cell death phenotype.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cytokinins ; Ethylenes ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Indoleacetic Acids ; Plant Senescence ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/genetics ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Ubiquitinated Proteins
Chemical Substances	Cytokinins ; Ethylenes ; Indoleacetic Acids ; RPN12 protein, S cerevisiae ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Ubiquitinated Proteins ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex (EC 3.4.25.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2399-3642
ISSN (online)	2399-3642
DOI	10.1038/s42003-022-03998-2
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Article ; Online: Nitrate fertilization may delay autumn leaf senescence, while amino acid treatments do not.

Fataftah, Nazeer / Edlund, Erik / Lihavainen, Jenna / Bag, Pushan / Björkén, Lars / Näsholm, Torgny / Jansson, Stefan

Physiologia plantarum

2022 Volume 174, Issue 3, Page(s) e13690

Abstract: Fertilization with nitrogen (N)-rich compounds leads to increased growth but may compromise phenology and winter survival of trees in boreal regions. During autumn, N is remobilized from senescing leaves and stored in other parts of the tree to be used ... ...

Abstract	Fertilization with nitrogen (N)-rich compounds leads to increased growth but may compromise phenology and winter survival of trees in boreal regions. During autumn, N is remobilized from senescing leaves and stored in other parts of the tree to be used in the next growing season. However, the mechanism behind the N fertilization effect on winter survival is not well understood, and it is unclear how N levels or forms modulate autumn senescence. We performed fertilization experiments and showed that treating Populus saplings with inorganic nitrogen resulted in a delay in senescence. In addition, by using precise delivery of solutes into the xylem stream of Populus trees in their natural environment, we found that delay of autumn senescence was dependent on the form of N administered: inorganic N (
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acids ; Fertilization ; Glycine ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Nitrates/pharmacology ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Plant Leaves/physiology ; Plant Senescence ; Populus/metabolism ; Seasons ; Trees/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Nitrates ; Nitrogen (N762921K75) ; Glycine (TE7660XO1C)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-05
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2020837-6
ISSN	1399-3054 ; 0031-9317
ISSN (online)	1399-3054
ISSN	0031-9317
DOI	10.1111/ppl.13690
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Article ; Online: Salicylic acid metabolism and signalling coordinate senescence initiation in aspen in nature.

Lihavainen, Jenna / Šimura, Jan / Bag, Pushan / Fataftah, Nazeer / Robinson, Kathryn Megan / Delhomme, Nicolas / Novák, Ondřej / Ljung, Karin / Jansson, Stefan

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 4288

Abstract: Deciduous trees exhibit a spectacular phenomenon of autumn senescence driven by the seasonality of their growth environment, yet there is no consensus which external or internal cues trigger it. Senescence starts at different times in European aspen ( ... ...

Abstract	Deciduous trees exhibit a spectacular phenomenon of autumn senescence driven by the seasonality of their growth environment, yet there is no consensus which external or internal cues trigger it. Senescence starts at different times in European aspen (Populus tremula L.) genotypes grown in same location. By integrating omics studies, we demonstrate that aspen genotypes utilize similar transcriptional cascades and metabolic cues to initiate senescence, but at different times during autumn. The timing of autumn senescence initiation appeared to be controlled by two consecutive "switches"; 1) first the environmental variation induced the rewiring of the transcriptional network, stress signalling pathways and metabolic perturbations and 2) the start of senescence process was defined by the ability of the genotype to activate and sustain stress tolerance mechanisms mediated by salicylic acid. We propose that salicylic acid represses the onset of leaf senescence in stressful natural conditions, rather than promoting it as often observed in annual plants.
MeSH term(s)	Seasons ; Genotype ; Signal Transduction
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-39564-5
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Article ; Online: Flavodiiron-mediated O

Bag, Pushan / Shutova, Tatyana / Shevela, Dmitry / Lihavainen, Jenna / Nanda, Sanchali / Ivanov, Alexander G / Messinger, Johannes / Jansson, Stefan

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 3210

Abstract: Green organisms evolve oxygen ( ... ...

Abstract	Green organisms evolve oxygen (O
MeSH term(s)	Thylakoids/metabolism ; Photosystem I Protein Complex/metabolism ; Tracheophyta/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Electron Transport ; Pinus sylvestris/metabolism ; Oxygen/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Photosystem I Protein Complex ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-38938-z
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Article ; Online: Alternatives to Styrene- and Diisobutylene-Based Copolymers for Membrane Protein Solubilization via Nanodisc Formation.

Workman, Cameron E / Bag, Pushan / Cawthon, Bridgie / Ali, Fidaa H / Brady, Nathan G / Bruce, Barry D / Long, Brian K

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)

2023 Volume 62, Issue 43, Page(s) e202306572

Abstract: Styrene-maleic acid copolymers (SMAs), and related amphiphilic copolymers, are promising tools for isolating and studying integral membrane proteins in a native-like state. However, they do not exhibit this ability universally, as several reports have ... ...

Abstract	Styrene-maleic acid copolymers (SMAs), and related amphiphilic copolymers, are promising tools for isolating and studying integral membrane proteins in a native-like state. However, they do not exhibit this ability universally, as several reports have found that SMAs and related amphiphilic copolymers show little to no efficiency when extracting specific membrane proteins. Recently, it was discovered that esterified SMAs could enhance the selective extraction of trimeric Photosystem I from the thylakoid membranes of thermophilic cyanobacteria; however, these polymers are susceptible to saponification that can result from harsh preparation or storage conditions. To address this concern, we herein describe the development of α-olefin-maleic acid copolymers (αMAs) that can extract trimeric PSI from cyanobacterial membranes with the highest extraction efficiencies observed when using any amphiphilic copolymers, including diisobutylene-co-maleic acid (DIBMA) and functionalized SMA samples. Furthermore, we will show that αMAs facilitate the formation of photosystem I-containing nanodiscs that retain an annulus of native lipids and a native-like activity. We also highlight how αMAs provide an agile, tailorable synthetic platform that enables fine-tuning hydrophobicity, controllable molar mass, and consistent monomer incorporation while overcoming shortcomings of prior amphiphilic copolymers.
MeSH term(s)	Styrene ; Photosystem I Protein Complex ; Lipid Bilayers ; Polystyrenes ; Alkenes ; Membrane Proteins
Chemical Substances	Styrene (44LJ2U959V) ; maleic acid (91XW058U2C) ; diisobutylene (N69L73ADVF) ; Photosystem I Protein Complex ; Lipid Bilayers ; styrofoam (9003-53-6) ; Polystyrenes ; Alkenes ; Membrane Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-19
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2011836-3
ISSN	1521-3773 ; 1433-7851
ISSN (online)	1521-3773
ISSN	1433-7851
DOI	10.1002/anie.202306572
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