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  1. Article ; Online: Drought legacies and ecosystem responses to subsequent drought.

    Müller, Lena M / Bahn, Michael

    Global change biology

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 17, Page(s) 5086–5103

    Abstract: Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of droughts. These events, which can cause significant perturbations of terrestrial ecosystems and potentially long-term impacts on ecosystem structure and functioning after the drought ... ...

    Abstract Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of droughts. These events, which can cause significant perturbations of terrestrial ecosystems and potentially long-term impacts on ecosystem structure and functioning after the drought has subsided are often called 'drought legacies'. While the immediate effects of drought on ecosystems have been comparatively well characterized, our broader understanding of drought legacies is just emerging. Drought legacies can relate to all aspects of ecosystem structure and functioning, involving changes at the species and the community scale as well as alterations of soil properties. This has consequences for ecosystem responses to subsequent drought. Here, we synthesize current knowledge on drought legacies and the underlying mechanisms. We highlight the relevance of legacy duration to different ecosystem processes using examples of carbon cycling and community composition. We present hypotheses characterizing how intrinsic (i.e. biotic and abiotic properties and processes) and extrinsic (i.e. drought timing, severity, and frequency) factors could alter resilience trajectories under scenarios of recurrent drought events. We propose ways for improving our understanding of drought legacies and their implications for subsequent drought events, needed to assess the longer-term consequences of droughts on ecosystem structure and functioning.
    MeSH term(s) Carbon Cycle ; Climate Change ; Droughts ; Ecosystem ; Soil
    Chemical Substances Soil
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1281439-8
    ISSN 1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
    ISSN (online) 1365-2486
    ISSN 1354-1013
    DOI 10.1111/gcb.16270
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  2. Article: Drought legacies and ecosystem responses to subsequent drought

    Müller, Lena M. / Bahn, Michael

    Global change biology. 2022 Sept., v. 28, no. 17

    2022  

    Abstract: Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of droughts. These events, which can cause significant perturbations of terrestrial ecosystems and potentially long‐term impacts on ecosystem structure and functioning after the drought ... ...

    Abstract Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of droughts. These events, which can cause significant perturbations of terrestrial ecosystems and potentially long‐term impacts on ecosystem structure and functioning after the drought has subsided are often called ‘drought legacies’. While the immediate effects of drought on ecosystems have been comparatively well characterized, our broader understanding of drought legacies is just emerging. Drought legacies can relate to all aspects of ecosystem structure and functioning, involving changes at the species and the community scale as well as alterations of soil properties. This has consequences for ecosystem responses to subsequent drought. Here, we synthesize current knowledge on drought legacies and the underlying mechanisms. We highlight the relevance of legacy duration to different ecosystem processes using examples of carbon cycling and community composition. We present hypotheses characterizing how intrinsic (i.e. biotic and abiotic properties and processes) and extrinsic (i.e. drought timing, severity, and frequency) factors could alter resilience trajectories under scenarios of recurrent drought events. We propose ways for improving our understanding of drought legacies and their implications for subsequent drought events, needed to assess the longer‐term consequences of droughts on ecosystem structure and functioning.
    Keywords Biological Sciences ; carbon ; climate change ; community structure ; drought
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-09
    Size p. 5086-5103.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note REVIEW
    ZDB-ID 1281439-8
    ISSN 1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
    ISSN (online) 1365-2486
    ISSN 1354-1013
    DOI 10.1111/gcb.16270
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  3. Article ; Online: Functional thresholds alter the relationship of plant resistance and recovery to drought

    Ingrisch, Johannes / Umlauf, Nikolaus / Bahn, Michael

    Ecology. 2023 Feb., v. 104, no. 2 p.e3907-

    2023  

    Abstract: The ecological consequences of future droughts are difficult to predict due to a limited understanding of the nonlinear responses of plants to increasing drought intensity, which can change abruptly when critical thresholds of drought intensity are ... ...

    Abstract The ecological consequences of future droughts are difficult to predict due to a limited understanding of the nonlinear responses of plants to increasing drought intensity, which can change abruptly when critical thresholds of drought intensity are crossed. Drought responses are composed of resistance and postdrought recovery. Although it is well established that higher drought intensity increases the impact and, thus, reduces plant resistance, less is known about how drought intensity affects recovery and how resistance and recovery are related. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that resistance, recovery, and their relationship change abruptly upon crossing critical thresholds of drought intensity. We exposed mesocosms of two monospecific stands of the common grassland species Dactylis glomerata and Plantago lanceolata to a large gradient of drought intensity and quantified the resistance and recovery of multiple measures of plant productivity, including gross‐primary productivity, vegetative height, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and aboveground biomass production. Drought intensity had nonlinear and contrasting effects on plant productivity during drought and recovery, which differed between the two species. Increasing drought intensity decreased the resistance of plant productivity and caused rapid compensatory growth during postdrought recovery, the degree of which was highly dependent on drought intensity. Across multiple response parameters two thresholds of drought intensity emerged, upon which we observed abrupt changes in plant resistance and recovery, as well as their relationship. We conclude that across gradients of drought intensity resistance and recovery are tightly coupled and that both the magnitude and the direction of drought effects on resistance and recovery can change abruptly upon specific thresholds of stress intensity. These findings highlight the urgent need to account for nonlinear responses of resistance and recovery to drought intensity as critical drivers of productivity in a changing climate.
    Keywords Dactylis glomerata ; Plantago lanceolata ; aboveground biomass ; biomass production ; climate ; compensatory growth ; drought ; ecology ; grasslands ; vegetation index
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-02
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1797-8
    ISSN 0012-9658
    ISSN 0012-9658
    DOI 10.1002/ecy.3907
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  4. Article ; Online: Functional thresholds alter the relationship of plant resistance and recovery to drought.

    Ingrisch, Johannes / Umlauf, Nikolaus / Bahn, Michael

    Ecology

    2023  Volume 104, Issue 2, Page(s) e3907

    Abstract: The ecological consequences of future droughts are difficult to predict due to a limited understanding of the nonlinear responses of plants to increasing drought intensity, which can change abruptly when critical thresholds of drought intensity are ... ...

    Abstract The ecological consequences of future droughts are difficult to predict due to a limited understanding of the nonlinear responses of plants to increasing drought intensity, which can change abruptly when critical thresholds of drought intensity are crossed. Drought responses are composed of resistance and postdrought recovery. Although it is well established that higher drought intensity increases the impact and, thus, reduces plant resistance, less is known about how drought intensity affects recovery and how resistance and recovery are related. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that resistance, recovery, and their relationship change abruptly upon crossing critical thresholds of drought intensity. We exposed mesocosms of two monospecific stands of the common grassland species Dactylis glomerata and Plantago lanceolata to a large gradient of drought intensity and quantified the resistance and recovery of multiple measures of plant productivity, including gross-primary productivity, vegetative height, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and aboveground biomass production. Drought intensity had nonlinear and contrasting effects on plant productivity during drought and recovery, which differed between the two species. Increasing drought intensity decreased the resistance of plant productivity and caused rapid compensatory growth during postdrought recovery, the degree of which was highly dependent on drought intensity. Across multiple response parameters two thresholds of drought intensity emerged, upon which we observed abrupt changes in plant resistance and recovery, as well as their relationship. We conclude that across gradients of drought intensity resistance and recovery are tightly coupled and that both the magnitude and the direction of drought effects on resistance and recovery can change abruptly upon specific thresholds of stress intensity. These findings highlight the urgent need to account for nonlinear responses of resistance and recovery to drought intensity as critical drivers of productivity in a changing climate.
    MeSH term(s) Biomass ; Climate Change ; Droughts ; Ecosystem ; Grassland ; Plants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2010140-5
    ISSN 1939-9170 ; 0012-9658
    ISSN (online) 1939-9170
    ISSN 0012-9658
    DOI 10.1002/ecy.3907
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  5. Book ; Thesis: Erbliche Polymorphismen von Epoxidhydrolasen beim Menschen

    Bahn, Michael

    molekulargenetische und funktionelle Variabilität und Bedeutung für das Blasenkarzinom

    1999  

    Author's details vorgelegt von Michael Bahn
    Language German
    Size 107 S. : graph. Darst.
    Document type Book ; Thesis
    Thesis / German Habilitation thesis Berlin, Humboldt-Univ., Diss., 1999
    HBZ-ID HT011213705
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    2000 D 428 order for loan Magazin

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  6. Article: A hierarchical, multivariate meta‐analysis approach to synthesising global change experiments

    Ogle, Kiona / Liu, Yao / Vicca, Sara / Bahn, Michael

    The new phytologist. 2021 Sept., v. 231, no. 6

    2021  

    Abstract: Meta‐analyses enable synthesis of results from globally distributed experiments to draw general conclusions about the impacts of global change factors on ecosystem function. Traditional meta‐analyses, however, are challenged by the complexity and ... ...

    Abstract Meta‐analyses enable synthesis of results from globally distributed experiments to draw general conclusions about the impacts of global change factors on ecosystem function. Traditional meta‐analyses, however, are challenged by the complexity and diversity of experimental results. We illustrate how several key issues can be addressed by a multivariate, hierarchical Bayesian meta‐analysis (MHBM) approach applied to information extracted from published studies. We applied an MHBM to log‐response ratios for aboveground biomass (AB, n = 300), belowground biomass (BB, n = 205) and soil CO₂ exchange (SCE, n = 544), representing 100 studies. The MHBM accounted for study duration, climate effects and covariation among the AB, BB and SCE responses to elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) and/or warming. The MHBM revealed significant among‐study covariation in the AB and BB responses to experimental treatments. The MHBM imputed missing duration (4.2%) and climate (6%) data, and revealed that climate context governs how eCO₂ and warming impact ecosystem function. Predictions identified biomes that may be particularly sensitive to eCO₂ or warming, but that are under‐represented in global change experiments. The MHBM approach offers a flexible and powerful tool for synthesising disparate experimental results reported across multiple studies, sites and response variables.
    Keywords Bayesian theory ; aboveground biomass ; belowground biomass ; carbon dioxide ; climate ; ecological function ; meta-analysis ; soil
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-09
    Size p. 2382-2394.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 208885-x
    ISSN 1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
    ISSN (online) 1469-8137
    ISSN 0028-646X
    DOI 10.1111/nph.17562
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  7. Article ; Online: A hierarchical, multivariate meta-analysis approach to synthesising global change experiments.

    Ogle, Kiona / Liu, Yao / Vicca, Sara / Bahn, Michael

    The New phytologist

    2021  Volume 231, Issue 6, Page(s) 2382–2394

    Abstract: Meta-analyses enable synthesis of results from globally distributed experiments to draw general conclusions about the impacts of global change factors on ecosystem function. Traditional meta-analyses, however, are challenged by the complexity and ... ...

    Abstract Meta-analyses enable synthesis of results from globally distributed experiments to draw general conclusions about the impacts of global change factors on ecosystem function. Traditional meta-analyses, however, are challenged by the complexity and diversity of experimental results. We illustrate how several key issues can be addressed by a multivariate, hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis (MHBM) approach applied to information extracted from published studies. We applied an MHBM to log-response ratios for aboveground biomass (AB, n = 300), belowground biomass (BB, n = 205) and soil CO
    MeSH term(s) Bayes Theorem ; Carbon Dioxide ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Soil
    Chemical Substances Soil ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis
    ZDB-ID 208885-x
    ISSN 1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
    ISSN (online) 1469-8137
    ISSN 0028-646X
    DOI 10.1111/nph.17562
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  8. Article ; Online: Increases in functional diversity of mountain plant communities is mainly driven by species turnover under climate change

    Schuchardt, Max A. / Berauer, Bernd J. / Duc, Anh Le / Ingrisch, Johannes / Niu, Yujie / Bahn, Michael / Jentsch, Anke

    Oikos. 2023 Nov., v. 2023, no. 11 p.e09922-

    2023  

    Abstract: Warming in mountain regions is projected to be three times faster than the global average. Pronounced climate change will likely lead to species reshuffling in mountain plant communities and consequently change ecosystem resilience and functioning. Yet, ... ...

    Abstract Warming in mountain regions is projected to be three times faster than the global average. Pronounced climate change will likely lead to species reshuffling in mountain plant communities and consequently change ecosystem resilience and functioning. Yet, little is known about the role of inter‐ versus intraspecific changes of plant traits and their consequences for functional richness and evenness of mountain plant communities under climate change. We performed a downslope translocation experiment of intact plant‐soil mesocosms from an alpine pasture and a subalpine grassland in the Swiss and Austrian Alps to simulate an abrupt shift in climate and removal of dispersal barriers. Translocated plant communities experienced warmer and dryer climatic conditions. We found a considerable shift from resource conservative to resource acquisitive leaf‐economy in the two climate change scenarios. However, shifts in leaf‐economy were mainly attributable to species turnover, namely colonization by novel lowland species with trait expressions for a wider range of resource use. We also found an increase in vegetative height of the warmed and drought‐affected alpine plant community, while trait plasticity to warming and drought was limited to few graminoid species of the subalpine plant community. Our results highlight the contrast between the strong competitive potential of novel lowland species in quickly occupying available niche space and native species' lack of both the intraspecific trait variability and the plant functional trait expressions needed to increase functional richness under warming and drought. This is particularly important for the trailing range of many mountain species (i.e. subalpine zone) where upward moving lowland species are becoming more abundant and abiotic climate stressors are likely to become more frequent in the near future. Our study emphasizes mountain plant communities' vulnerability to novel climates and biotic interactions under climate change and highlights graminoid species as potential winners of a warmer and dryer future. Keywords: alpine grassland, functional diversity, invasion, species turnover, traitspace, translocation
    Keywords alpine grasslands ; alpine plants ; climate ; climate change ; drought ; ecological resilience ; functional diversity ; graminoids ; indigenous species ; pastures ; plant communities
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-11
    Publishing place Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 207359-6
    ISSN 0030-1299
    ISSN 0030-1299
    DOI 10.1111/oik.09922
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  9. Article ; Online: Accounting for Complexity in Resilience Comparisons: A Reply to Yeung and Richardson, and Further Considerations.

    Bahn, Michael / Ingrisch, Johannes

    Trends in ecology & evolution

    2018  Volume 33, Issue 9, Page(s) 649–651

    MeSH term(s) Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 284965-3
    ISSN 1872-8383 ; 0169-5347
    ISSN (online) 1872-8383
    ISSN 0169-5347
    DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2018.06.006
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  10. Article ; Online: Towards a Comparable Quantification of Resilience.

    Ingrisch, Johannes / Bahn, Michael

    Trends in ecology & evolution

    2018  Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 251–259

    Abstract: Resilience is a key concept in ecology and describes the capacity of an ecosystem to maintain its state and recover from disturbances. Numerous metrics have been applied to quantify resilience over a range of ecosystems. However, the way resilience is ... ...

    Abstract Resilience is a key concept in ecology and describes the capacity of an ecosystem to maintain its state and recover from disturbances. Numerous metrics have been applied to quantify resilience over a range of ecosystems. However, the way resilience is quantified affects the degree to which different trajectories of ecosystem recovery from disturbance are represented as 'resilient', precluding a comparison of disturbance responses across ecosystems and their properties and functions. To approach a broadly comparable assessment of resilience we suggest using a bivariate framework that jointly considers the disturbance impact and the recovery rate, both normalized to the undisturbed state of a system. We demonstrate the potential of the framework for attribution and integration across the various components underlying resilience.
    MeSH term(s) Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; Ecology/methods ; Ecology/trends ; Ecosystem ; Models, Biological
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 284965-3
    ISSN 1872-8383 ; 0169-5347
    ISSN (online) 1872-8383
    ISSN 0169-5347
    DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2018.01.013
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