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Article: Exploring the dynamic interplay between learning and working memory within various cognitive contexts.

Hassanzadeh, Zakieh / Bahrami, Fariba / Dortaj, Fariborz

2024 Volume 18, Page(s) 1304378

Abstract: Introduction: The intertwined relationship between reinforcement learning and working memory in the brain is a complex subject, widely studied across various domains in neuroscience. Research efforts have focused on identifying the specific brain areas ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The intertwined relationship between reinforcement learning and working memory in the brain is a complex subject, widely studied across various domains in neuroscience. Research efforts have focused on identifying the specific brain areas responsible for these functions, understanding their contributions in accomplishing the related tasks, and exploring their adaptability under conditions such as cognitive impairment or aging. Methods: Numerous models have been introduced to formulate either these two subsystems of reinforcement learning and working memory separately or their combination and relationship in executing cognitive tasks. This study adopts the RLWM model as a computational framework to analyze the behavioral parameters of subjects with varying cognitive abilities due to age or cognitive status. A related RLWM task is employed to assess a group of subjects across different age groups and cognitive abilities, as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool (MoCA). Results: Analysis reveals a decline in overall performance accuracy and speed with differing age groups (young vs. middle-aged). Significant differences are observed in model parameters such as learning rate, WM decay, and decision noise. Furthermore, among the middle-aged group, distinctions emerge between subjects categorized as normal vs. MCI based on MoCA scores, notably in speed, performance accuracy, and decision noise.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2452960-6
ISSN	1662-5153
ISSN	1662-5153
DOI	10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1304378
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Article ; Online: Comparing Knee Kinetics and Kinematics in Healthy Individuals and Those With Knee Osteoarthritis, With and Without Flat Feet.

Sohrabi, Maryam / Torkaman, Giti / Bahrami, Fariba

Journal of applied biomechanics

2024 , Page(s) 1–9

Abstract: Individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and flat feet are more likely to experience increased pain and cartilage damage. This study aimed to investigate the knee kinetics, kinematics, pain, and physical function in individuals with moderate ... ...

Abstract	Individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and flat feet are more likely to experience increased pain and cartilage damage. This study aimed to investigate the knee kinetics, kinematics, pain, and physical function in individuals with moderate symptomatic KOA, in comparison to asymptomatic control participants. Thirty volunteers with moderate KOA (with flat feet n = 15, with normal feet n = 15) and 30 asymptomatic people (with flat feet n = 15, with normal feet n = 15) were evaluated. The knee adduction angular impulse, knee flexion moment, knee flexion angular impulse, and knee flexion angle were measured during level walking. The pain was assessed in patients with KOA. The study found that individuals with KOA had a significant increase in the knee adduction angular impulse compared with the asymptomatic people (P < .05). The KOA with flat feet group had significantly lower knee flexion moment, knee flexion angular impulse, and knee flexion angle values than the KOA with normal feet group (P < .05). Furthermore, the KOA with flat feet group had a higher pain score than the KOA with normal feet group. Individuals with osteoarthritis and flat feet had lower knee flexion moments which may indicate reduced knee force exerted through compensatory mechanisms. Despite this reduction, they reported significantly higher levels of pain compared with those without flat feet, a finding that warrants further investigation in future studies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1145288-2
ISSN	1543-2688 ; 1065-8483
ISSN (online)	1543-2688
ISSN	1065-8483
DOI	10.1123/jab.2023-0143
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Article ; Online: Virtual Reality Exergaming Capability to Change Muscle Strategy During the Limits of Stability Test and Reduce Fear of Falling in Primary Osteoporotic Women.

Gilani, Mohammad / Torkaman, Giti / Bahrami, Fariba / Bayat, Noushin

Games for health journal

2023 Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 310–322

Abstract: Objective: ...

Abstract	Objective:
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Quality of Life ; Exergaming ; Postural Balance/physiology ; Fear ; Muscles ; Virtual Reality ; Exercise Therapy/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2650543-5
ISSN	2161-7856 ; 2161-783X
ISSN (online)	2161-7856
ISSN	2161-783X
DOI	10.1089/g4h.2022.0172
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Article ; Online: A biological and a mathematical model of SLE treated by mesenchymal stem cells covering all the stages of the disease.

Yazdani, Ali / Bahrami, Fariba / Pourgholaminejad, Arash / Moghadasali, Reza

Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften

2023 Volume 142, Issue 2, Page(s) 167–179

Abstract: In this study, we proposed a biological model explaining the progress of autoimmune activation along different stages of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). For any upcoming stage of SLE, any new component is introduced, when it is added to the model. ... ...

Abstract	In this study, we proposed a biological model explaining the progress of autoimmune activation along different stages of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). For any upcoming stage of SLE, any new component is introduced, when it is added to the model. Particularly, the interaction of mesenchymal stem cells, with the components of the model, is specified in a way that both the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions of these cells would be covered. The biological model is then recapitulated to a model with less complexity that explains the main features of the problem. Later, a 7th-order mathematical model for SLE is proposed, based on this simplified model. Finally, the range of validity of the proposed mathematical model was assessed. For this purpose, we simulated the model and analyzed the simulation results in case of some known behaviors of the disease, such as tolerance breach, the appearance of systemic inflammation, development of clinical signs, and occurrence of flares and improvements. The model was able to reproduce these events, qualitatively.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Models, Theoretical
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-18
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1376847-5
ISSN	1611-7530 ; 1431-7613
ISSN (online)	1611-7530
ISSN	1431-7613
DOI	10.1007/s12064-023-00390-4
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Article ; Online: Gait modification with subject-specific foot progression angle in people with moderate knee osteoarthritis: Investigation of knee adduction moment and muscle activity.

Gholami, Samaneh / Torkaman, Giti / Bahrami, Fariba / Bayat, Noushin

The Knee

2022 Volume 35, Page(s) 124–132

Abstract: Background: Subject-specific foot progression angle (SSFPA) as a personalized gait modification is a novel approach to specifically reducing knee adduction.: Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of gait modification with SSFPA on the ...

Abstract	Background: Subject-specific foot progression angle (SSFPA) as a personalized gait modification is a novel approach to specifically reducing knee adduction. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of gait modification with SSFPA on the knee adduction moment and muscle activity in people with moderate knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: In this clinical trial, nineteen volunteers with moderate KOA were instructed to walk in four different foot progression angle conditions (5° toe-out, 10° toe-out, 5° toe-in, and 10° toe-in) to determine SSFPA that caused the greatest reduction in the greater peak of the knee adduction moment (PKAM). Immediately and after 30 minutes of gait modification with SSFPA, peak root means square (PRMS) and medial and lateral co-contraction index (CCI) were evaluated in the knee muscles. Result: Walking with 10° toe-in showed the most reduction in the greater PKAM (17.52 ± 15.39%) compared to 5° toe-in (7.1 ± 19.14%), 10° toe-out (1.26 ± 23.13%), and 5° toe-out (7.64 ± 16.71%). As the immediate effect, walking with SSFPA caused a 20.71 ± 12.07% reduction in the greater PKAM than the basic FPA (p < 0.001). After 30 minutes of gait retraining, the greater PKAM decreased by 10.36 ± 26.24%, but this reduction was not significant (p = 0.17). In addition, PRMS of lateral gastrocnemius increased (p = 0.04), and lateral CCI increased 10.72% during late stance (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Our findings suggest the immediate effect of gait modification with SSFPA on decreasing the knee adduction moment. After gait retraining with SSFPA, the increase of lateral muscle co-contraction may enhance lateral knee muscle co-activity to unload the medial knee compartment. Clinical Trial Register Number: IRCT20101017004952N8.
MeSH term(s)	Biomechanical Phenomena ; Gait/physiology ; Humans ; Knee Joint/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; Walking/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1200476-5
ISSN	1873-5800 ; 0968-0160
ISSN (online)	1873-5800
ISSN	0968-0160
DOI	10.1016/j.knee.2022.03.001
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Article ; Online: Human balance control in 3D running based on virtual pivot point concept.

Firouzi, Vahid / Bahrami, Fariba / Sharbafi, Maziar A

The Journal of experimental biology

2022 Volume 225, Issue 4

Abstract: Balance control is one of the crucial challenges in bipedal locomotion. Humans need to maintain their trunk upright while the body behaves like an inverted pendulum which is inherently unstable. As an alternative, the virtual pivot point (VPP) concept ... ...

Abstract	Balance control is one of the crucial challenges in bipedal locomotion. Humans need to maintain their trunk upright while the body behaves like an inverted pendulum which is inherently unstable. As an alternative, the virtual pivot point (VPP) concept introduced a new virtual pendulum model to the human balance control paradigm by analyzing the ground reaction forces (GRFs) in the body coordinate frame. This paper presents novel VPP-based analyses of the postural stability of human running in 3D space. We demonstrate the relationship between the VPP position and the gait speed. The experimental results suggest different control strategies in frontal and sagittal planes. The GRFs intersect below the center of mass in the sagittal plane and above the center of mass in the frontal plane. These VPP locations are found for the sagittal and frontal planes at all running speeds. We introduced a 3D VPP-based model which can replicate the kinematic and kinetic behavior of human running. The similarity between the experimental and simulation results indicates the ability of the VPP concept to predict human balance control in running and support its applicability for gait assistance.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Gait ; Hominidae ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Running
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218085-6
ISSN	1477-9145 ; 0022-0949
ISSN (online)	1477-9145
ISSN	0022-0949
DOI	10.1242/jeb.243080
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Article ; Online: How does the CNS control arm reaching movements? Introducing a hierarchical nonlinear predictive control organization based on the idea of muscle synergies.

Dehghani, Sedigheh / Bahrami, Fariba

PloS one

2020 Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) e0228726

Abstract: In this study, we introduce a hierarchical and modular computational model to explain how the CNS (Central Nervous System) controls arm reaching movement (ARM) in the frontal plane and under different conditions. The proposed hierarchical organization ... ...

Abstract	In this study, we introduce a hierarchical and modular computational model to explain how the CNS (Central Nervous System) controls arm reaching movement (ARM) in the frontal plane and under different conditions. The proposed hierarchical organization was established at three levels: 1) motor planning, 2) command production, and 3) motor execution. Since in this work we are not discussing motion learning, no learning procedure was considered in the model. Previous models mainly assume that the motor planning level produces the desired trajectories of the joints and feeds it to the next level to be tracked. In the proposed model, the motion control is described based on a regulatory control policy, that is, the output of the motor planning level is a step function defining the initial and final desired position of the hand. For the command production level, a nonlinear predictive model was developed to explain how the time-invariant muscle synergies (MSs) are recruited. We used the same computational model to explain the arm reaching motion for a combined ARM task. The combined ARM is defined as two successive ARM such that it starts from point A and reaches to point C via point B. To develop the model, kinematic and kinetic data from six subjects were recorded and analyzed during ARM task performance. The subjects used a robotic manipulator while moving their hand in the frontal plane. The EMG data of 15 muscles were also recorded. The MSs used in the model were extracted from the recorded EMG data. The proposed model explains two aspects of the motor control system by a novel computational approach: 1) the CNS reduces the dimension of the control space using the notion of MSs and thereby, avoids immense computational loads; 2) at the level of motor planning, the CNS generates the desired position of the hand at the starting, via and the final points, and this amounts to a regulatory and non-tracking structure.
MeSH term(s)	Arm/physiology ; Central Nervous System/physiology ; Humans ; Models, Neurological ; Movement/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Nonlinear Dynamics
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0228726
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Article ; Online: 3D human arm reaching movement planning with principal patterns in successive phases.

Dehghani, Sedigheh / Bahrami, Fariba

Journal of computational neuroscience

2020 Volume 48, Issue 3, Page(s) 265–280

Abstract: There are observations indicating that the central nervous system (CNS) decomposes a movement into several successive sub-movements as an effective strategy to control the motor task. In this study, we propose an algorithm in which, Arm Reaching Movement ...

Abstract	There are observations indicating that the central nervous system (CNS) decomposes a movement into several successive sub-movements as an effective strategy to control the motor task. In this study, we propose an algorithm in which, Arm Reaching Movement (ARM) in 3D space is decomposed into several successive phases using zero joint angle jerk features of the arm kinematic data. The presented decomposition algorithm for 3D motions is, in fact, an improved and generalized version of the decomposition method proposed earlier by Emadi and Bahrami in 2012 for 2D movements. They assumed that the motion is coordinated by minimum jerk characteristics in joint angles space in each phase. However, at the first glance, it seems that in 3D ARM joint angles are not coordinated based on the minimum jerk features. Therefore, we defined a resultant variable in the joint space and showed that one can use its jerk properties together with those of the elbow joint in movement decomposition. We showed that phase borders determined with the proposed algorithm in 3D ARM, are defined with jerk characteristics of ARM's performance variable. We observed the same results in the Sit-to-Stand (STS) movement, too. Thus, based on our results, we suggested that any 3D motion can be decomposed into several phases, such that in each phase a set of principal patterns (PPs) extracted by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method are linearly recruited to regenerate angle trajectories of each joint. Our results also suggest that the CNS, as the primary policy, may simplify the control of the ARMs by reducing the dimension of the control space. This dimension reduction might be accomplished by decomposing the movement into successive phases in which the movement satisfies the minimum joint angle jerk constraint. Then, in each phase, a set of PPs are recruited in the joint space to regenerate angle trajectory of each joint. Then, the dimension of the control space will be the number of the recruitment coefficients.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Algorithms ; Arm/physiology ; Biomechanical Phenomena/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Movement/physiology ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1230659-9
ISSN	1573-6873 ; 0929-5313
ISSN (online)	1573-6873
ISSN	0929-5313
DOI	10.1007/s10827-020-00749-2
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Article ; Online: Attractor controllability of Boolean networks by flipping a subset of their nodes.

Rafimanzelat, Mohammad Reza / Bahrami, Fariba

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)

2020 Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 43120

Abstract: The controllability analysis of Boolean networks (BNs), as models of biomolecular regulatory networks, has drawn the attention of researchers in recent years. In this paper, we aim at governing the steady-state behavior of BNs using an intervention ... ...

Abstract	The controllability analysis of Boolean networks (BNs), as models of biomolecular regulatory networks, has drawn the attention of researchers in recent years. In this paper, we aim at governing the steady-state behavior of BNs using an intervention method which can easily be applied to most real system, which can be modeled as BNs, particularly to biomolecular regulatory networks. To this end, we introduce the concept of attractor controllability of a BN by flipping a subset of its nodes, as the possibility of making a BN converge from any of its attractors to any other one, by one-time flipping members of a subset of BN nodes. Our approach is based on the algebraic state-space representation of BNs using semi-tensor product of matrices. After introducing some new matrix tools, we use them to derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the attractor controllability of BNs. A forward search algorithm is then suggested to identify the minimal perturbation set for attractor controllability of a BN. Next, a lower bound is derived for the cardinality of this set. Two new indices are also proposed for quantifying the attractor controllability of a BN and the influence of each network variable on the attractor controllability of the network and the relationship between them is revealed. Finally, we confirm the efficiency of the proposed approach by applying it to the BN models of some real biomolecular networks.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1472677-4
ISSN	1089-7682 ; 1054-1500
ISSN (online)	1089-7682
ISSN	1054-1500
DOI	10.1063/1.4999950
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Article: The effect of six week virtual reality training on the improvement of functional balance in women with type-I osteoporosis: A preliminary study.

Rezaei, Mohammad Kazem / Torkaman, Giti / Bahrami, Fariba / Bayat, Noushin

Sport sciences for health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 185–194

Abstract: Purpose: This preliminary study aimed to investigate the effects of exergames in a virtual reality environment to improve functional balance during goal-directed functional tasks in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.: Methods: Twelve volunteer ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: This preliminary study aimed to investigate the effects of exergames in a virtual reality environment to improve functional balance during goal-directed functional tasks in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods: Twelve volunteer postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were randomly assigned to virtual reality (VRT, Results: The COP variables of LOS and CT tasks were significantly improved after 6 weeks of CMT and VRT ( Conclusion: The VRT and CMT improved the COP sway parameters during weight-shifting tasks. The VRT was more effective than CMT in increasing the ability to control weight-shifting and dynamic functional tasks in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. This approach in training has suitable potential to provide convenient error feedback learning.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-15
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2244652-7
ISSN	1825-1234 ; 1824-7490
ISSN (online)	1825-1234
ISSN	1824-7490
DOI	10.1007/s11332-022-01018-8
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