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  1. Article ; Online: Further evidence that cigarette smoke and nicotine compromise host immunity against tuberculosis (invited editorial).

    Chan, Edward D / Bai, Xiyuan

    Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland)

    2020  Volume 127, Page(s) 102035

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Nicotine ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tuberculosis
    Chemical Substances Smoke ; Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-02
    Publishing country Scotland
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2046804-0
    ISSN 1873-281X ; 1472-9792
    ISSN (online) 1873-281X
    ISSN 1472-9792
    DOI 10.1016/j.tube.2020.102035
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  2. Article ; Online: The Inhibition of Serine Proteases by Serpins Is Augmented by Negatively Charged Heparin: A Concise Review of Some Clinically Relevant Interactions.

    Chan, Edward D / King, Paul T / Bai, Xiyuan / Schoffstall, Allen M / Sandhaus, Robert A / Buckle, Ashley M

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2024  Volume 25, Issue 3

    Abstract: Serine proteases are members of a large family of hydrolytic enzymes in which a particular serine residue in the active site performs an essential role as a nucleophile, which is required for their proteolytic cleavage function. The array of functions ... ...

    Abstract Serine proteases are members of a large family of hydrolytic enzymes in which a particular serine residue in the active site performs an essential role as a nucleophile, which is required for their proteolytic cleavage function. The array of functions performed by serine proteases is vast and includes, among others, the following:
    MeSH term(s) Serpins/metabolism ; Heparin/chemistry ; Serine Proteases ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/metabolism ; Anticoagulants ; Thrombin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Serpins ; Heparin (9005-49-6) ; Serine Proteases (EC 3.4.-) ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors ; Anticoagulants ; Thrombin (EC 3.4.21.5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms25031804
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  3. Article ; Online: Alpha-1-antitrypsin antagonizes COVID-19: a review of the epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and clinical evidence.

    Bai, Xiyuan / Schountz, Tony / Buckle, Ashley M / Talbert, Janet L / Sandhaus, Robert A / Chan, Edward D

    Biochemical Society transactions

    2023  Volume 51, Issue 3, Page(s) 1361–1375

    Abstract: Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), a serine protease inhibitor (serpin), is increasingly recognized to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and counter many of the pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19. Herein, we reviewed the epidemiologic evidence, the molecular ... ...

    Abstract Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), a serine protease inhibitor (serpin), is increasingly recognized to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and counter many of the pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19. Herein, we reviewed the epidemiologic evidence, the molecular mechanisms, and the clinical evidence that support this paradigm. As background to our discussion, we first examined the basic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection and contend that despite the availability of vaccines and anti-viral agents, COVID-19 remains problematic due to viral evolution. We next underscored that measures to prevent severe COVID-19 currently exists but teeters on a balance and that current treatment for severe COVID-19 remains grossly suboptimal. We then reviewed the epidemiologic and clinical evidence that AAT deficiency increases risk of COVID-19 infection and of more severe disease, and the experimental evidence that AAT inhibits cell surface transmembrane protease 2 (TMPRSS2) - a host serine protease required for SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells - and that this inhibition may be augmented by heparin. We also elaborated on the panoply of other activities of AAT (and heparin) that could mitigate severity of COVID-19. Finally, we evaluated the available clinical evidence for AAT treatment of COVID-19.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency ; COVID-19 ; Heparin ; Molecular Epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Heparin (9005-49-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 184237-7
    ISSN 1470-8752 ; 0300-5127
    ISSN (online) 1470-8752
    ISSN 0300-5127
    DOI 10.1042/BST20230078
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  4. Article ; Online: Elucidating the Pathogenesis of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease: Lesson from the Six Blind Men and the Elephant.

    Honda, Jennifer R / Bai, Xiyuan / Chan, Edward D

    American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology

    2018  Volume 58, Issue 2, Page(s) 142–143

    MeSH term(s) Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Lung/microbiology ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/pathology ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/pathogenicity ; Respiratory Mucosa/cytology ; Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism ; Respiratory Mucosa/microbiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1025960-0
    ISSN 1535-4989 ; 1044-1549
    ISSN (online) 1535-4989
    ISSN 1044-1549
    DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0317ED
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    Zs.A 2851: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article: Characterization of Immune Cells From the Lungs of Patients With Chronic Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria or

    Schenkel, Alan R / Mitchell, John D / Cool, Carlyne D / Bai, Xiyuan / Groshong, Steve / Koelsch, Tilman / Verma, Deepshikha / Ordway, Diane / Chan, Edward D

    Immune network

    2022  Volume 22, Issue 3, Page(s) e27

    Abstract: Little is known of the lung cellular immunophenotypes in patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD). Flow-cytometric analyses for the major myeloid and lymphoid cell subsets were performed in less- and more-diseased areas of ... ...

    Abstract Little is known of the lung cellular immunophenotypes in patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD). Flow-cytometric analyses for the major myeloid and lymphoid cell subsets were performed in less- and more-diseased areas of surgically resected lungs from six patients with NTM-LD and two with
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-11
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2536191-0
    ISSN 2092-6685 ; 1598-2629
    ISSN (online) 2092-6685
    ISSN 1598-2629
    DOI 10.4110/in.2022.22.e27
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  6. Article ; Online: Acquired and genetic host susceptibility factors and microbial pathogenic factors that predispose to nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.

    Honda, Jennifer R / Alper, Scott / Bai, Xiyuan / Chan, Edward D

    Current opinion in immunology

    2018  Volume 54, Page(s) 66–73

    Abstract: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment and human exposure is likely to be pervasive; yet, the occurrence of NTM-related diseases is relatively infrequent. This discrepancy suggests that host risk factors play an integral role ...

    Abstract Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment and human exposure is likely to be pervasive; yet, the occurrence of NTM-related diseases is relatively infrequent. This discrepancy suggests that host risk factors play an integral role in vulnerability to NTM infections. Isolated NTM lung disease (NTM-LD) is often due to underlying anatomical pulmonary or immune disorders, either of which may be acquired or genetic. However, many cases of NTM-LD have no known underlying risk factors and may be multigenic and/or multicausative. In contrast, extrapulmonary visceral or disseminated NTM diseases almost always have an underlying severe immunodeficiency, which may also be acquired or genetic. NTM cell wall components play a key role in pathogenesis and as inducers of the host immune response.
    MeSH term(s) Disease Susceptibility/immunology ; Humans ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/genetics ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/immunology ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/immunology ; Virulence Factors/genetics ; Virulence Factors/immunology
    Chemical Substances Virulence Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1035767-1
    ISSN 1879-0372 ; 0952-7915
    ISSN (online) 1879-0372
    ISSN 0952-7915
    DOI 10.1016/j.coi.2018.06.001
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  7. Article ; Online: Histopathologic Analysis of Surgically Resected Lungs of Patients with Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease: a Retrospective and Hypothesis-generating Study.

    Choi, Sangbong / Potts, Kyle J / Althoff, Meghan D / Jimenez, Guillermo / Bai, Xiyuan / Calhoun, Kara M / Cool, Carlyne D / Chan, Edward D

    The Yale journal of biology and medicine

    2021  Volume 94, Issue 4, Page(s) 527–535

    Abstract: Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) is most commonly due to species within ... ...

    Abstract Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) is most commonly due to species within the
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Lung/surgery ; Lung Diseases ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ; Mycobacterium avium Complex ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 200515-3
    ISSN 1551-4056 ; 0044-0086
    ISSN (online) 1551-4056
    ISSN 0044-0086
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    Ua VI Zs.197: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Ex vivo

    Bai, Xiyuan / Verma, Deepshikha / Garcia, Cindy / Musheyev, Ariel / Kim, Kevin / Fornis, Lorelenn / Griffith, David E / Li, Li / Whittel, Nicholas / Gadwa, Jacob / Ohanjanyan, Tamara / Eggleston, Matthew J / Galvan, Manuel / Freed, Brian M / Ordway, Diane / Chan, Edward D

    Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

    2023  Volume 13, Page(s) 1216492

    Abstract: Introduction: A strong epidemiologic link exists between cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). Macrophage and murine studies showed that CS and nicotine impair host-protective immune cells against : Methods: We ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: A strong epidemiologic link exists between cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). Macrophage and murine studies showed that CS and nicotine impair host-protective immune cells against
    Methods: We investigated whether CS-exposed Tregs could exacerbate
    Results: We found that exposure of primary human Tregs to CS extract impaired the ability of unexposed human macrophages to control an
    Discussion: Previous studies demonstrated that CS impairs macrophages and host-protective T effector cells in controlling
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Humans ; Animals ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Nicotine ; Cigarette Smoking ; Tuberculosis/microbiology
    Chemical Substances Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2619676-1
    ISSN 2235-2988 ; 2235-2988
    ISSN (online) 2235-2988
    ISSN 2235-2988
    DOI 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1216492
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  9. Article ; Online: The role of interleukin-32 against tuberculosis.

    Bai, Xiyuan / Dinarello, Charles A / Chan, Edward D

    Cytokine

    2015  Volume 76, Issue 2, Page(s) 585–587

    Abstract: IL-32 is increasingly recognized to be an important host-protective molecule against tuberculosis. In this commentary, we highlight some of the potential mechanisms by which the immunomodulatory effect of IL-32 occurs against mycobacterial infections but ...

    Abstract IL-32 is increasingly recognized to be an important host-protective molecule against tuberculosis. In this commentary, we highlight some of the potential mechanisms by which the immunomodulatory effect of IL-32 occurs against mycobacterial infections but also areas where mechanistic clarifications are needed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Interleukins/physiology ; Tuberculosis/immunology ; Tuberculosis/physiopathology
    Chemical Substances IL32 protein, human ; Interleukins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1018055-2
    ISSN 1096-0023 ; 1043-4666
    ISSN (online) 1096-0023
    ISSN 1043-4666
    DOI 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.06.013
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  10. Article: Differential Responses by Human Macrophages to Infection With

    Feng, Zhihong / Bai, Xiyuan / Wang, Tao / Garcia, Cindy / Bai, An / Li, Li / Honda, Jennifer R / Nie, Xiuhong / Chan, Edward D

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2020  Volume 11, Page(s) 116

    Abstract: Mycobacterium ... ...

    Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00116
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