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  1. Article ; Online: Head Impact Location, Speed and Angle from Falls and Trips in the Workplace.

    Yu, Xiancheng / Baker, Claire E / Ghajari, Mazdak

    Annals of biomedical engineering

    2023  

    Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury in the workplace. Trips and falls are the leading causes of TBI in the workplace. However, industrial safety helmets are not designed for protecting the head under these impact conditions. Instead, they are ...

    Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury in the workplace. Trips and falls are the leading causes of TBI in the workplace. However, industrial safety helmets are not designed for protecting the head under these impact conditions. Instead, they are designed to pass the regulatory standards which test head protection against falling heavy and sharp objects. This is likely to be due to the limited understanding of head impact conditions from trips and falls in workplace. In this study, we used validated human multi-body models to predict the head impact location, speed and angle (measured from the ground) during trips, forward falls and backward falls. We studied the effects of worker size, initial posture, walking speed, width and height of the tripping barrier, bracing and falling height on the head impact conditions. Overall, we performed 1692 simulations. The head impact speed was over two folds larger in falls than trips, with backward falls producing highest impact speeds. However, the trips produced impacts with smaller impact angles to the ground. Increasing the walking speed increased the head impact speed but bracing reduced it. We found that 41% of backward falls and 19% of trips/forward falls produced head impacts located outside the region of helmet coverage. Next, we grouped all the data into three sub-groups based on the head impact angle: [0°, 30°], (30°, 60°] and (60°, 90°] and excluded groups with small number of cases. We found that most trips and forward falls lead to impact angles within the (30°, 60°] and (60°, 90°] groups while all backward falls produced impact angles within (60°, 90°] group. We therefore determined five representative head impact conditions from these groups by selecting the 75th percentile speed, mean value of angle intervals and median impact location (determined by elevation and azimuth angles) of each group. This led to two representative head impact conditions for trips: 2.7 m/s at 45° and 3.9 m/s at 75°, two for forward falls: 3.8 m/s at 45° and 5.5 m/s at 75° and one for backward falls: 9.4 m/s at 75°. These impact conditions can be used to improve industrial helmet standards.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 185984-5
    ISSN 1573-9686 ; 0191-5649 ; 0090-6964
    ISSN (online) 1573-9686
    ISSN 0191-5649 ; 0090-6964
    DOI 10.1007/s10439-023-03146-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1018: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  2. Article ; Online: MATERNAL DEPRESSION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION AND BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS IN HEAD START: INDIRECT EFFECTS THROUGH PARENTING.

    Baker, Claire E

    Infant mental health journal

    2018  Volume 39, Issue 2, Page(s) 134–144

    Abstract: The present study used a large, nationally representative sample of Head Start children (N=3,349) from the Family and Child Experiences Survey of 2009 (FACES) to examine associations among maternal depression (measured when children were ˜36 months old) ... ...

    Abstract The present study used a large, nationally representative sample of Head Start children (N=3,349) from the Family and Child Experiences Survey of 2009 (FACES) to examine associations among maternal depression (measured when children were ˜36 months old) and children's executive function (EF) and behavior problems (measured when children were ˜48 months old). Preliminary analyses revealed that 36% of mothers in the sample had clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, a path analysis with demographic controls showed a mediation effect that was significant and quite specific; mother-reported warmth (and not mother-child reading) mediated the path between maternal depression, children's EF, and behavior problems. Findings provide empirical support for a family process model in which warm, sensitive parenting supports children's emerging self-regulation and reduces the likelihood of early onset behavior problems in families in which children are exposed to maternal depression.
    MeSH term(s) Child Behavior/psychology ; Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; Depression, Postpartum/epidemiology ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Executive Function ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mother-Child Relations ; Mothers/psychology ; Parenting/psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 225602-2
    ISSN 1097-0355 ; 0163-9641
    ISSN (online) 1097-0355
    ISSN 0163-9641
    DOI 10.1002/imhj.21698
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 4071: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article ; Online: A Review of Cyclist Head Injury, Impact Characteristics and the Implications for Helmet Assessment Methods.

    Baker, Claire E / Yu, Xiancheng / Patel, Saian / Ghajari, Mazdak

    Annals of biomedical engineering

    2023  Volume 51, Issue 5, Page(s) 875–904

    Abstract: Head injuries are common for cyclists involved in collisions. Such collision scenarios result in a range of injuries, with different head impact speeds, angles, locations, or surfaces. A clear understanding of these collision characteristics is vital to ... ...

    Abstract Head injuries are common for cyclists involved in collisions. Such collision scenarios result in a range of injuries, with different head impact speeds, angles, locations, or surfaces. A clear understanding of these collision characteristics is vital to design high fidelity test methods for evaluating the performance of helmets. We review literature detailing real-world cyclist collision scenarios and report on these key characteristics. Our review shows that helmeted cyclists have a considerable reduction in skull fracture and focal brain pathologies compared to non-helmeted cyclists, as well as a reduction in all brain pathologies. The considerable reduction in focal head pathologies is likely to be due to helmet standards mandating thresholds of linear acceleration. The less considerable reduction in diffuse brain injuries is likely to be due to the lack of monitoring head rotation in test methods. We performed a novel meta-analysis of the location of 1809 head impacts from ten studies. Most studies showed that the side and front regions are frequently impacted, with one large, contemporary study highlighting a high proportion of occipital impacts. Helmets frequently had impact locations low down near the rim line. The face is not well protected by most conventional bicycle helmets. Several papers determine head impact speed and angle from in-depth reconstructions and computer simulations. They report head impact speeds from 5 to 16 m/s, with a concentration around 5 to 8 m/s and higher speeds when there was another vehicle involved in the collision. Reported angles range from 10° to 80° to the normal, and are concentrated around 30°-50°. Our review also shows that in nearly 80% of the cases, the head impact is reported to be against a flat surface. This review highlights current gaps in data, and calls for more research and data to better inform improvements in testing methods of standards and rating schemes and raise helmet safety.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Bicycling/injuries ; Craniocerebral Trauma/prevention & control ; Computer Simulation ; Head Protective Devices ; Acceleration ; Accidents, Traffic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 185984-5
    ISSN 1573-9686 ; 0191-5649 ; 0090-6964
    ISSN (online) 1573-9686
    ISSN 0191-5649 ; 0090-6964
    DOI 10.1007/s10439-023-03148-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1018: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  4. Article: In-Depth Bicycle Collision Reconstruction: From a Crash Helmet to Brain Injury Evaluation.

    Yu, Xiancheng / Baker, Claire E / Brown, Mike / Ghajari, Mazdak

    Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 3

    Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent injury among cyclists experiencing head collisions. In legal cases, reliable brain injury evaluation can be difficult and controversial as mild injuries cannot be diagnosed with conventional brain imaging ... ...

    Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent injury among cyclists experiencing head collisions. In legal cases, reliable brain injury evaluation can be difficult and controversial as mild injuries cannot be diagnosed with conventional brain imaging methods. In such cases, accident reconstruction may be used to predict the risk of TBI. However, lack of collision details can render accident reconstruction nearly impossible. Here, we introduce a reconstruction method to evaluate the brain injury in a bicycle-vehicle collision using the crash helmet alone. Following a thorough inspection of the cyclist's helmet, we identified a severe impact, a moderate impact and several scrapes, which helped us to determine the impact conditions. We used our helmet test rig and intact helmets identical to the cyclist's helmet to replicate the damage seen on the cyclist's helmet involved in the real-world collision. We performed both linear and oblique impacts, measured the translational and rotational kinematics of the head and predicted the strain and the strain rate across the brain using a computational head model. Our results proved the hypothesis that the cyclist sustained a severe impact followed by a moderate impact on the road surface. The estimated head accelerations and velocity (167 g, 40.7 rad/s and 13.2 krad/s
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2746191-9
    ISSN 2306-5354
    ISSN 2306-5354
    DOI 10.3390/bioengineering10030317
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The relationship between road traffic collision dynamics and traumatic brain injury pathology.

    Baker, Claire E / Martin, Phil / Wilson, Mark H / Ghajari, Mazdak / Sharp, David J

    Brain communications

    2022  Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) fcac033

    Abstract: Road traffic collisions are a major cause of traumatic brain injury. However, the relationship between road traffic collision dynamics and traumatic brain injury risk for different road users is unknown. We investigated 2065 collisions from Great Britain' ...

    Abstract Road traffic collisions are a major cause of traumatic brain injury. However, the relationship between road traffic collision dynamics and traumatic brain injury risk for different road users is unknown. We investigated 2065 collisions from Great Britain's Road Accident In-depth Studies collision database involving 5374 subjects (2013-20). Five hundred and ninety-five subjects sustained a traumatic brain injury (20.2% of 2940 casualties), including 315 moderate-severe and 133 mild-probable injuries. Key pathologies included skull fracture (179, 31.9%), subarachnoid haemorrhage (171, 30.5%), focal brain injury (168, 29.9%) and subdural haematoma (96, 17.1%). These results were extended nationally using >1 000 000 police-reported collision casualties. Extrapolating from the in-depth data we estimate that there are ∼20 000 traumatic brain injury casualties (∼5000 moderate-severe) annually on Great Britain's roads, accounting for severity differences. Detailed collision investigation allows vehicle collision dynamics to be understood and the change in velocity (known as delta-
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2632-1297
    ISSN (online) 2632-1297
    DOI 10.1093/braincomms/fcac033
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  6. Article ; Online: Early Parenting and the Intergenerational Transmission of Self-Regulation and Behavior Problems in African American Head Start Families.

    Baker, Claire E / Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne

    Child psychiatry and human development

    2019  Volume 51, Issue 2, Page(s) 220–230

    Abstract: The present investigation used a national sample of African American Head Start children (N = 640; ... ...

    Abstract The present investigation used a national sample of African American Head Start children (N = 640; M
    MeSH term(s) African Americans/psychology ; Child ; Child Behavior/psychology ; Child, Preschool ; Executive Function/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parenting/psychology ; Parents ; Poverty/psychology ; Problem Behavior/psychology ; Self-Control/psychology ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 223895-0
    ISSN 1573-3327 ; 0009-398X
    ISSN (online) 1573-3327
    ISSN 0009-398X
    DOI 10.1007/s10578-019-00921-5
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 772: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  7. Article ; Online: Reciprocal Relations Between Maternal Depression and Child Behavior Problems in Families Served by Head Start.

    Baker, Claire E / Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne / Gouskova, Natalia

    Child development

    2019  Volume 91, Issue 5, Page(s) 1563–1576

    Abstract: This study used longitudinal cross-lagged modeling to examine reciprocal relations between maternal depression and child behavior problems. Data were drawn from 3,119 children (40% Hispanic, 30% African American, 20% White, and 10% other) from the Family ...

    Abstract This study used longitudinal cross-lagged modeling to examine reciprocal relations between maternal depression and child behavior problems. Data were drawn from 3,119 children (40% Hispanic, 30% African American, 20% White, and 10% other) from the Family and Child Experiences Survey of 2009 (a nationally representative sample of children served by Head Start). Results documented reciprocal relations between maternal depression and child behavior problems across early childhood (i.e., child age 3-5). Furthermore, the effect of child behavior problems on maternal depression was moderated by child race/ethnicity during children's first year in Head Start, such that the negative effect of child behavior problems on African American mothers' depression was more pronounced compared to Hispanics and other racial/ethnic groups.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; African Americans/psychology ; African Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Child ; Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology ; Child Behavior Disorders/ethnology ; Child Behavior Disorders/etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Depression/complications ; Depression/epidemiology ; Depression/ethnology ; Depression/psychology ; Early Intervention, Educational/statistics & numerical data ; European Continental Ancestry Group/psychology ; European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Hispanic Americans/psychology ; Hispanic Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Mother-Child Relations/ethnology ; Mother-Child Relations/psychology ; Mothers/psychology ; Mothers/statistics & numerical data ; Parenting/psychology ; Problem Behavior/psychology ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 215602-7
    ISSN 1467-8624 ; 0009-3920
    ISSN (online) 1467-8624
    ISSN 0009-3920
    DOI 10.1111/cdev.13344
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