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Article ; Online: Case series of retinal vein occlusions showing early recovery using oral l-methylfolate.

Baker, Steven / Baker, Dylan / Baker, Robert / Brown, Craig J

Therapeutic advances in ophthalmology

2024 Volume 16, Page(s) 25158414241240687

Abstract: This case series describes the aggregate rate of recovery in five consecutive subjects (six eyes) with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) who received l-methylfolate and other ... ...

Abstract	This case series describes the aggregate rate of recovery in five consecutive subjects (six eyes) with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) who received l-methylfolate and other vitamins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2515-8414
ISSN (online)	2515-8414
DOI	10.1177/25158414241240687
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Book ; Online: Disentangling Perceptions of Offensiveness

Davani, Aida / Díaz, Mark / Baker, Dylan / Prabhakaran, Vinodkumar

Cultural and Moral Correlates

2023

Abstract: Perception of offensiveness is inherently subjective, shaped by the lived experiences and socio-cultural values of the perceivers. Recent years have seen substantial efforts to build AI-based tools that can detect offensive language at scale, as a means ... ...

Abstract	Perception of offensiveness is inherently subjective, shaped by the lived experiences and socio-cultural values of the perceivers. Recent years have seen substantial efforts to build AI-based tools that can detect offensive language at scale, as a means to moderate social media platforms, and to ensure safety of conversational AI technologies such as ChatGPT and Bard. However, existing approaches treat this task as a technical endeavor, built on top of data annotated for offensiveness by a global crowd workforce without any attention to the crowd workers' provenance or the values their perceptions reflect. We argue that cultural and psychological factors play a vital role in the cognitive processing of offensiveness, which is critical to consider in this context. We re-frame the task of determining offensiveness as essentially a matter of moral judgment -- deciding the boundaries of ethically wrong vs. right language within an implied set of socio-cultural norms. Through a large-scale cross-cultural study based on 4309 participants from 21 countries across 8 cultural regions, we demonstrate substantial cross-cultural differences in perceptions of offensiveness. More importantly, we find that individual moral values play a crucial role in shaping these variations: moral concerns about Care and Purity are significant mediating factors driving cross-cultural differences. These insights are of crucial importance as we build AI models for the pluralistic world, where the values they espouse should aim to respect and account for moral values in diverse geo-cultural contexts.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computers and Society ; Computer Science - Computation and Language
Subject code	170
Publishing date	2023-12-11
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Opt-Out Syphilis Screening at an Urgent Care Center in Atlanta: Evaluation of a Pilot Program.

Sweitzer, Stephanie / Sharp, Joseph / Baker, Dylan / Lynch, Alexis / Stauch, Meredith A / Wheatley, Matthew / Lora, Meredith / Cantos, Valeria D / Gruen, Judah

Sexually transmitted diseases

2024

Abstract: Background: HIV and syphilis disproportionately impact communities with low access to primary care, who often utilize urgent care centers (UCC) for sexual healthcare. UCC visits represent an opportunity for identification and treatment of syphilis and ... ...

Abstract	Background: HIV and syphilis disproportionately impact communities with low access to primary care, who often utilize urgent care centers (UCC) for sexual healthcare. UCC visits represent an opportunity for identification and treatment of syphilis and linkage to HIV testing and prevention services. We describe a universal, opt-out syphilis screening program pilot at an Atlanta UCC. Methods: A chart review was performed on patients 18 years and older who were offered opt-out syphilis screening and had a rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test collected from 9/1/21 to 12/31/21. Demographic data, syphilis stage and treatment, and HIV testing and serostatus were abstracted from the electronic health record. Patients with reactive RPRs were contacted by a study physician for syphilis staging and treatment, counseling, and referral for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or treatment. Results: From 9/1/21 to 12/31/21, 5794 patients were triaged and 1381 underwent RPR screening (23.8%). Eighty (5.8%) had reactive RPRs, and 42 (52.5%) had active syphilis. Of those with active syphilis, 39 (92.9%) received any treatment, and 35 (83.3%) completed treatment. Patients with late syphilis were less likely to complete syphilis treatment (aOR 0.03, p = 0.009, 95% CI 0.002-0.42). Among 955 offered PrEP, 41 (4.3%) expressed interest in PrEP, and 7 (0.7%) completed PrEP clinic intake. Univariate analysis did not identify any factors associated with interest in PrEP. Conclusions: In a UCC setting, routine, opt-out syphilis testing resulted in increased syphilis identification and treatment. It also provided an opportunity for PrEP counseling and referral, although few patients completed PrEP clinic intake.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	435191-5
ISSN	1537-4521 ; 0148-5717
ISSN (online)	1537-4521
ISSN	0148-5717
DOI	10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001980
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Article: Effects of Phycosphere Bacteria on Their Algal Host Are Host Species-Specific and Not Phylogenetically Conserved.

Baker, Dylan / Lauer, James / Ortega, Anna / Jackrel, Sara L / Denef, Vincent J

Microorganisms

2022 Volume 11, Issue 1

Abstract: Phytoplankton is fundamental to life on Earth. Their productivity is influenced by the microbial communities residing in the phycosphere surrounding algal cells. Expanding our knowledge on how algal-bacterial interactions affect algal growth to more ... ...

Abstract	Phytoplankton is fundamental to life on Earth. Their productivity is influenced by the microbial communities residing in the phycosphere surrounding algal cells. Expanding our knowledge on how algal-bacterial interactions affect algal growth to more hosts and bacteria can help elucidate general principles of algal-host interactions. Here, we isolated 368 bacterial strains from phycosphere communities, right after phycosphere recruitment from pond water and after a month of lab cultivation and examined their impacts on growth of five green algal species. We isolated both abundant and rare phycosphere members, representing 18.4% of the source communities. Positive and neutral effects predominated over negative effects on host growth. The proportion of each effect type and whether the day of isolation mattered varied by host species. Bacteria affected algal carrying capacity more than growth rate, suggesting that nutrient remineralization and toxic byproduct metabolism may be a dominant mechanism. Across-host algal fitness assays indicated host-specific growth effects of our isolates. We observed no phylogenetic conservation of the effect on host growth among bacterial isolates. Even isolates with the same ASV had divergent effects on host growth. Our results emphasize highly specific host-bacterial interactions in the phycosphere and raise questions as to which mechanisms mediate these interactions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms11010062
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Book ; Online: Detecting Cross-Geographic Biases in Toxicity Modeling on Social Media

Ghosh, Sayan / Baker, Dylan / Jurgens, David / Prabhakaran, Vinodkumar

2021

Abstract: Online social media platforms increasingly rely on Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to detect abusive content at scale in order to mitigate the harms it causes to their users. However, these techniques suffer from various sampling and ... ...

Abstract	Online social media platforms increasingly rely on Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to detect abusive content at scale in order to mitigate the harms it causes to their users. However, these techniques suffer from various sampling and association biases present in training data, often resulting in sub-par performance on content relevant to marginalized groups, potentially furthering disproportionate harms towards them. Studies on such biases so far have focused on only a handful of axes of disparities and subgroups that have annotations/lexicons available. Consequently, biases concerning non-Western contexts are largely ignored in the literature. In this paper, we introduce a weakly supervised method to robustly detect lexical biases in broader geocultural contexts. Through a case study on a publicly available toxicity detection model, we demonstrate that our method identifies salient groups of cross-geographic errors, and, in a follow up, demonstrate that these groupings reflect human judgments of offensive and inoffensive language in those geographic contexts. We also conduct analysis of a model trained on a dataset with ground truth labels to better understand these biases, and present preliminary mitigation experiments. Comment: Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Noisy User-generated Text (W-NUT)
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language
Subject code	400
Publishing date	2021-04-14
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of a Multifaceted Protocol in Reducing Unnecessary Telemetry Monitoring across a Large Healthcare System.

Patidar, Viniya / Park, Jung Mi / Khasnavis, Tanya / Baker, Dylan / Leong, Traci / Crichlow, Vena / Hunt, Daniel P / O'Donnell, Christopher

Southern medical journal

2022 Volume 115, Issue 12, Page(s) 930–935

Abstract: Objectives: Telemetry is frequently overused in hospitals. The goal of this study was to evaluate a telemetry protocol aimed at decreasing inappropriate telemetry utilization across four different hospitals within a large healthcare system by modifying ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Telemetry is frequently overused in hospitals. The goal of this study was to evaluate a telemetry protocol aimed at decreasing inappropriate telemetry utilization across four different hospitals within a large healthcare system by modifying the electronic telemetry order to incorporate the 2017 American Heart Association practice guidelines on the appropriate use of telemetry and using an electronic nursing screening task form to safely discontinue telemetry. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of telemetry utilization before and after we implemented a protocol across four hospitals within a large healthcare system. We compared the average number of days of telemetry monitoring and hospital length of stay during the preintervention period with the 6-month postintervention period. Results: There were a total of 23,774 encounters evaluated. There was a statistically and clinically significant 24% decrease in telemetry duration between pre- and postintervention time periods ( Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrate a statistically significant decrease in overall duration of telemetry monitoring by nearly 1.75 days across each of the four hospitals with the implementation of a multifaceted telemetry protocol that included hardwiring the American Heart Association practice guidelines into the electronic order and using a nursing-driven discontinuation protocol.
MeSH term(s)	United States ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Telemetry ; Hospitals ; Delivery of Health Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	185329-6
ISSN	1541-8243 ; 0038-4348
ISSN (online)	1541-8243
ISSN	0038-4348
DOI	10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001485
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Ua VI Zs.117: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Loss of resilience contributes to detrusor underactivity in advanced age.

Ramasamy, Ramalakshmi / Baker, Dylan S / Lemtiri-Chlieh, Fouad / Rosenberg, Dawn A / Woon, Eric / Al-Naggar, Iman M / Hardy, Cara C / Levine, Eric S / Kuchel, George A / Bartley, Jenna M / Smith, Phillip P

Biogerontology

2023 Volume 24, Issue 2, Page(s) 163–181

Abstract: Volume hyposensitivity resulting from impaired sympathetic detrusor relaxation during bladder filling contributes to detrusor underactivity (DU) associated with aging. Detrusor tension regulation provides an adaptive sensory input of bladder volume to ... ...

Abstract	Volume hyposensitivity resulting from impaired sympathetic detrusor relaxation during bladder filling contributes to detrusor underactivity (DU) associated with aging. Detrusor tension regulation provides an adaptive sensory input of bladder volume to the brainstem and is challenged by physiological stressors superimposed upon biological aging. We recently showed that HCN channels have a stabilizing role in detrusor sympathetic relaxation. While mature mice maintain homeostasis in the face of stressors, old mice are not always capable. In old mice, there is a dichotomous phenotype, in which resilient mice adapt and maintain homeostasis, while non-resilient mice fail to maintain physiologic homeostasis. In this DU model, we used cystometry as a stressor to categorize mice as old-responders (old-R, develop a filling/voiding cycle) or old-non-responders (old-NR, fail to develop a filling/voiding cycle; fluctuating high pressures and continuous leaking), while also assessing functional and molecular differences. Lamotrigine (HCN activator)-induced bladder relaxation is diminished in old-NR mice following HCN-blockade. Relaxation responses to NS 1619 were reduced in old-NR mice, with the effect lost following HCN-blockade. However, RNA-sequencing revealed no differences in HCN gene expression and electrophysiology studies showed similar percentage of detrusor myocytes expressing HCN (I
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Urinary Bladder, Underactive ; Urinary Bladder ; Aging/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2047160-9
ISSN	1573-6768 ; 1389-5729
ISSN (online)	1573-6768
ISSN	1389-5729
DOI	10.1007/s10522-022-10005-y
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Zs.A 5706: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Deep Fault‐Controlled Fluid Flow Driving Shallow Stratigraphically Constrained Gas Hydrate Formation

Gorman, Andrew R. / Crutchley, Gareth J. / Baker, Dylan R. / Fraser, Douglas R. A. / Henrys, Stuart A. / Tréhu, Anne M. / Harris, Robert N. / Phrampus, Benjamin J. / Pecher, Ingo A.

Urutī Basin, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand

2024

Abstract: The Hikurangi Margin east of New Zealand's North Island hosts an extensive gas hydrate province with numerous gas hydrate accumulations related to the faulted structure of the accretionary wedge. One such hydrate feature occurs in a small perched upper‐ ... ...

Abstract	The Hikurangi Margin east of New Zealand's North Island hosts an extensive gas hydrate province with numerous gas hydrate accumulations related to the faulted structure of the accretionary wedge. One such hydrate feature occurs in a small perched upper‐slope basin known as Urutī Basin. We investigated this hydrate accumulation by combining a long‐offset seismic line (10‐km‐long receiver array) with a grid of high‐resolution seismic lines acquired with a 600‐m‐long hydrophone streamer. The long‐offset data enable quantitative velocity analysis, while the high‐resolution data constrain the three‐dimensional geometry of the hydrate accumulation. The sediments in Urutī Basin dip landward due to ongoing deformation of the accretionary wedge. These strata are clearly imaged in seismic data where they cross a distinct bottom simulating reflection (BSR) that dips counterintuitively in the opposite direction to the regional dip of the seafloor. BSR‐derived heat flow estimates reveal a distinct heat flow anomaly that coincides spatially with the upper extent of a landward‐verging thrust fault. We present a conceptual model of this gas hydrate system that highlights the roles of fault‐controlled fluid flow at depth merging into strata‐controlled fluid flow into the hydrate stability zone. The result is a layer‐constrained accumulation of concentrated gas hydrate in the dipping strata. Our study provides new insight into the interplay between deep faulting, fluid flow and gas hydrate formation within an active accretionary margin. Plain Language Summary Gas hydrates are ice‐like substances in which natural gas molecules are trapped in a cage of water molecules. They exist where the pressure is high, temperature is cold, and enough methane is present. These conditions exist in the marine environment at water depths greater than 300–500 m near sediment‐rich continental margins and in polar regions. It is important to study gas hydrates because they represent a significant part of the Earth's carbon budget and influence the ...
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-16
Publisher	AGU (American Geophysical Union)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: CrowdWorkSheets

Diaz, Mark / Kivlichan, Ian D. / Rosen, Rachel / Baker, Dylan K. / Amironesei, Razvan / Prabhakaran, Vinodkumar / Denton, Emily

Accounting for Individual and Collective Identities Underlying Crowdsourced Dataset Annotation

2022

Abstract: Human annotated data plays a crucial role in machine learning (ML) research and development. However, the ethical considerations around the processes and decisions that go into dataset annotation have not received nearly enough attention. In this paper, ... ...

Abstract	Human annotated data plays a crucial role in machine learning (ML) research and development. However, the ethical considerations around the processes and decisions that go into dataset annotation have not received nearly enough attention. In this paper, we survey an array of literature that provides insights into ethical considerations around crowdsourced dataset annotation. We synthesize these insights, and lay out the challenges in this space along two layers: (1) who the annotator is, and how the annotators' lived experiences can impact their annotations, and (2) the relationship between the annotators and the crowdsourcing platforms, and what that relationship affords them. Finally, we introduce a novel framework, CrowdWorkSheets, for dataset developers to facilitate transparent documentation of key decisions points at various stages of the data annotation pipeline: task formulation, selection of annotators, platform and infrastructure choices, dataset analysis and evaluation, and dataset release and maintenance. Comment: 11 pages, Accepted at 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2112.04554
Keywords	Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
Subject code	170
Publishing date	2022-06-09
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel resides on myocytes in mouse bladders and contributes to adrenergic-induced detrusor relaxation.

Lemtiri-Chlieh, Fouad / Baker, Dylan S / Al-Naggar, Iman M / Ramasamy, Ramalakshmi / Kuchel, George A / Levine, Eric S / Robson, Paul / Smith, Phillip P

American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology

2022 Volume 323, Issue 1, Page(s) R110–R122

Abstract: Control of urinary continence is predicated on sensory signaling about bladder volume. Bladder sensory nerve activity is dependent on tension, implicating autonomic control over detrusor myocyte activity during bladder filling. Hyperpolarization- ... ...

Abstract	Control of urinary continence is predicated on sensory signaling about bladder volume. Bladder sensory nerve activity is dependent on tension, implicating autonomic control over detrusor myocyte activity during bladder filling. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channels are known contributors to bladder control, but their mechanism of action is not well understood. The lack of a definitive identification of cell type(s) expressing HCN in the bladder presents a significant knowledge gap. We recently reported a complete transcriptomic atlas of the C57BL/6 mouse bladder showing the dominant HCN paralog in mouse bladder,
MeSH term(s)	Adrenergic Agents ; Animals ; Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels/genetics ; Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels/metabolism ; Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels/genetics ; Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels/metabolism ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nucleotides, Cyclic/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Adrenergic Agents ; Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels ; Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels ; Nucleotides, Cyclic
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	603839-6
ISSN	1522-1490 ; 0363-6119
ISSN (online)	1522-1490
ISSN	0363-6119
DOI	10.1152/ajpregu.00277.2021
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