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Article: Yugoslav Guerrilla Hospital Design Features and Operation in World War II.

Colesar, M Tyler / Baker, Jay B

Journal of special operations medicine : a peer reviewed journal for SOF medical professionals

2023 Volume 23, Issue 3, Page(s) 24–31

Abstract: In the most austere combat conditions, Yugoslav guerillas of World War II (WWII) demonstrated an innovative and effective hospitalization system that saved countless lives. Yugoslav Partisans faced extreme medical and logistical challenges that spurred ... ...

Abstract	In the most austere combat conditions, Yugoslav guerillas of World War II (WWII) demonstrated an innovative and effective hospitalization system that saved countless lives. Yugoslav Partisans faced extreme medical and logistical challenges that spurred innovation while waging a guerrilla war against the Nazis. Partisans used concealed hospitals ranging between 25 to 215 beds throughout the country with wards that were often subterranean. Concealment and secrecy prevented discovery of many wards, which prototypically contained two bunk levels and held 30 patients in a 3.5 × 10.5-meter space that included storage and ventilation. Backup storage and treatment facilities provided critical redundancy. Intra-theater evacuation relied on pack animals and litter bearers while partisans relied on Allied fixed wing aircraft for inter-theater evacuation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; World War II ; Hospital Design and Construction ; Warfare ; Military Medicine/history ; Hospitals
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3006517-3
ISSN	1553-9768
ISSN	1553-9768
DOI	10.55460/T4A2-PY3C
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Article ; Online: Disguised Among the Sea: The Implications of Artificial Islands on Casualty Care in the Indo-Pacific.

Leone, Ryan M / Remondelli, Mason H / Brill, Jason B / Baker, Jay B

Military medicine

2024

Abstract: As reported in the 2022 Biden-Harris National Security Strategy, China is perceived as the primary U.S. competitor with the intent and means to become the world's greatest superpower. China's efforts, which are at odds with America's ambition to maintain ...

Abstract	As reported in the 2022 Biden-Harris National Security Strategy, China is perceived as the primary U.S. competitor with the intent and means to become the world's greatest superpower. China's efforts, which are at odds with America's ambition to maintain its global influence, are complemented by ostensibly harmless "gray zone tactics," defined as coercive geopolitical, economic, military, and cyber activities below the use of kinetic military force. Such tactics may be utilized with seemingly innocuous intentions, but in reality, they can complicate U.S. combat casualty care in the event of an Indo-Pacific conflict. One tactic of particular impact is China's development of artificial islands throughout the South China Sea. By creating these islands, China is expanding its reach beyond its continental borders. These islands, alongside China's well-developed naval and missile capabilities, will cause disruptions to U.S. casualty care staging, medical resupply, and aeromedical evacuations. To mitigate those threats, the USA should implement a robust regional Combatant Command Trauma System, improve global health security cooperation with local partner nations, and implement irregular or guerilla trauma systems that meet medical needs in impromptu, clandestine settings. Operational recommendations based on these efforts could include pre-positioning tactical combat casualty care and damage control resuscitation supplies and developing with nearby host-nation evacuation platforms such as small boat operators. These solutions, among others, require years of training, relationship-building, and capability development to institute successfully. As a result, U.S. Military leaders should act now to incorporate these strategies into their irregular warfare, low-intensity conflict, and large-scale combat operation toolkits.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391061-1
ISSN	1930-613X ; 0026-4075
ISSN (online)	1930-613X
ISSN	0026-4075
DOI	10.1093/milmed/usae002
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Article: Social Determinant of Unconventional Resilience Tactical Engagement with Bonding Patterns.

Jeschke, Erika Ann / Wyma-Bradley, Jared / Baker, Jay B / Dorsch, John / Huffman, Sarah L

Journal of special operations medicine : a peer reviewed journal for SOF medical professionals

2024

Abstract: Building upon our strategic framework and operational model, we will discuss findings from our ethnographic study, entitled: "The Impact of Catastrophic Injury Exposure on Resilience in Special Operations Surgical Teams (SOSTs)," to explain the tactical ... ...

Abstract	Building upon our strategic framework and operational model, we will discuss findings from our ethnographic study, entitled: "The Impact of Catastrophic Injury Exposure on Resilience in Special Operations Surgical Teams (SOSTs)," to explain the tactical nature and importance of social determinants within our new characterization of unconventional resilience. Our fourth paper in this series, will explain how bonding patterns establish the quality of intra- and interpersonal connections that create a tensive conduit for the pressure of performance within our operational model, allowing for dynamic freedom of maneuver to take place in ambiguity. We will use qualita- tive quotes to illustrate various ways SOST medics relate to themselves, other people, and the Special Operations Forces (SOF) culture. To achieve our goals, we will: 1) provide an in- troduction to social determinants as tactical engagement with unconventional resilience; 2) define the social determinant of bonding patterns as extrapolated from qualitative data as well as use qualitative data to thematize various types of bonding patterns; and 3) relate tactical engagement with bonding pat- terns to our metaphor of bag sets. We conclude by gesturing to the importance of bonding patterns in orienting SOF medics' proprioception and kinesthesia in the SOF performance space.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3006517-3
ISSN	1553-9768
ISSN	1553-9768
DOI	10.55460/IFK1-RCU4
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Article: Social Determinant of Unconventional Resilience: Tactical Engagement with Impression Management.

Jeschke, Erika Ann / Wyma-Bradley, Jared / Baker, Jay B / Dorsch, John / Huffman, Sarah L

Journal of special operations medicine : a peer reviewed journal for SOF medical professionals

2024

Abstract: Building upon our operational model, we will discuss findings from our ethnographic study titled "The Impact of Catastrophic Injury Exposure on Resilience in Special Operations Surgical Teams" to establish that impression management allows Special ... ...

Abstract	Building upon our operational model, we will discuss findings from our ethnographic study titled "The Impact of Catastrophic Injury Exposure on Resilience in Special Operations Surgical Teams" to establish that impression management allows Special Operation Forces (SOF) medics to navigate implicit social status symbols to either degrade or optimize performance. We will use qualitative quotes to explore how Special Operations Surgical Team (SOST) medics engage in impression management to establish individual, team, and/or organizational competency to deal with ambiguity. To achieve our goals, we will: 1) provide a background on impression management and perception of competency; 2) define the social determinant of impression management extrapolated from qualitative data as well as use qualitative data to thematize various types of impression management; and 3) relate tactical engagement with impression to our metaphor of bag sets. We conclude by gesturing to the importance of impression management in orienting SOF medics' proprioception and kinesthesia in the SOF performance space.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3006517-3
ISSN	1553-9768
ISSN	1553-9768
DOI	10.55460/6DG3-WQW7
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Article: Unconventional Resilience: An Operational Model.

Jeschke, Erika Ann / Baker, Jay B / Wyma-Bradley, Jared / Dorsch, John / Huffman, Sarah L

Journal of special operations medicine : a peer reviewed journal for SOF medical professionals

2023 Volume 23, Issue 4, Page(s) 64–68

Abstract: This is the third of nine planned papers drawn from the findings of our ethnographic study entitled "The Impact of Catastrophic Injury Exposure on Resilience in Special Operations Surgical Teams." Building from our strategic framework, this paper will ... ...

Abstract	This is the third of nine planned papers drawn from the findings of our ethnographic study entitled "The Impact of Catastrophic Injury Exposure on Resilience in Special Operations Surgical Teams." Building from our strategic framework, this paper will establish that resilience is better understood as cohesive adaptation within a Special Operation Forces (SOF) cultural ecosystem. Exploring unconventional resilience as the inter-relationship across the organization, team, and individual, we will use qualitative quotes to describe the ecosystem of dynamic freedom of maneuver in ambiguity. To achieve our goals, we will: 1) compare conventional and unconventional resilience to operationalize the components of our strategic framework; 2) use qualitative quotes to show how the ecosystem of unconventional resilience functions at each level supporting our operational model; and 3) describe how the operational model of unconventional resilience links to tactical performance through five social determinants. We conclude by gesturing to how transformational change-agency applies to practical performance of all SOF medics.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Military Personnel ; Resilience, Psychological
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3006517-3
ISSN	1553-9768
ISSN	1553-9768
DOI	10.55460/UOZ5-J9AH
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Article: Conventional Resilience and the Impact of Catastrophic Injury Exposure on Special Operations Surgical Teams.

Jeschke, Erika Ann / Baker, Jay B / Wyma-Bradley, Jared / Dorsch, John / Huffman, Sarah L

Journal of special operations medicine : a peer reviewed journal for SOF medical professionals

2023 Volume 23, Issue 2, Page(s) 102–106

Abstract: This article presents a justification for using an ethnographic approach to research resilience. Our hypothesis is that the conventional resilience construct is ineffective in achieving its stated goal of mitigating diagnosable stress pathologies because ...

Abstract	This article presents a justification for using an ethnographic approach to research resilience. Our hypothesis is that the conventional resilience construct is ineffective in achieving its stated goal of mitigating diagnosable stress pathologies because it is grounded in a set of assumptions that overlook human experience when examining human performance in combat. To achieve this goal, we (1) describe the evolution of the strategic framework within which the conventional resilience construct is defined; (2) highlight certain limiting assumptions entailed in this framework; (3) explain how bottom-up ethnographic research relates the medic's practical performance to military requirements and mission capabilities; and (4) articulate the unique elements of our study that widen the aperture of the conventional resilience construct. We conclude by gesturing to initial research findings.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Military Personnel ; Wounds and Injuries/psychology ; Resilience, Psychological
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3006517-3
ISSN	1553-9768
ISSN	1553-9768
DOI	10.55460/FHIP-DWHB
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Article: Unconventional Resilience: A Strategic Framework.

Jeschke, Erika Ann / Baker, Jay B / Wyma-Bradley, Jared / Dorsch, John / Huffman, Sarah L

Journal of special operations medicine : a peer reviewed journal for SOF medical professionals

2023 Volume 23, Issue 3, Page(s) 58–62

Abstract: This will be the second in a series of nine articles in which we discuss findings from our ethnographic study entitled "The Impact of Catastrophic Injury Exposure on Resilience in Special Operations Surgical Teams." Our goal in this article is to ... ...

Abstract	This will be the second in a series of nine articles in which we discuss findings from our ethnographic study entitled "The Impact of Catastrophic Injury Exposure on Resilience in Special Operations Surgical Teams." Our goal in this article is to establish the practical importance of redefining resilience within a strategic framework. Our bottom-up approach to strategy development explores unconventional resilience as an integrated transformational process that promotes change-agency through the force of movement. Synthesis of empirical data derived from participant interviews and focus groups highlights conceptual attributes that make up the essential components of this framework. To achieve our goal, the authors (1) briefly remind readers how we have problematized conventional resilience; (2) explain how we analyzed qualitative quotes to extrapolate our definition of unconventional resilience; and (3) describe in detail our strategic framework. We conclude by gesturing to why this strategic framework is applicable to practical performance of all Special Operation Forces (SOF) medics.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3006517-3
ISSN	1553-9768
ISSN	1553-9768
DOI	10.55460/2W3U-2XHB
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Article ; Online: Brief Comparative Analysis of Trauma Care Specialties in Europe and the United States.

Biedrzycki, Christopher D / Bergmann, Harald P / Remick, Kyle N / Qasim, Zaffer / Baker, Jay B

Military medicine

2023 Volume 188, Issue 11-12, Page(s) 305–309

Abstract: Understanding the variation in training and nuances of trauma provider practice between the countries in Europe and the United States is a daunting task. This article briefly reviews the key specialties of trauma care in Europe including emergency ... ...

Abstract	Understanding the variation in training and nuances of trauma provider practice between the countries in Europe and the United States is a daunting task. This article briefly reviews the key specialties of trauma care in Europe including emergency medical services (EMS), emergency medicine, anesthesia, trauma surgery, and critical care. The authors hope to inform U.S. military clinicians and medical planners of the major differences in emergency and trauma care that exist across Europe. Emergency medicine exists as both a primary specialty and a subspecialty across Europe, with varying stages of development as a specialty in each country. There is heavy physician involvement in EMS in much of Europe, with anesthesiologists having additional EMS training typically providing prehospital critical care. Because of the historical predominance of blunt trauma in Europe, in many countries, trauma surgery is a subspecialty with initial orthopedic surgery training versus general surgery. Intensive care medicine has various training pathways across Europe, but there have been great advances in standardizing competency requirements across the European Union. Finally, the authors suggest some strategies to mitigate the potential negative consequences of joint medical teams and how to leverage some key differences to advance life-saving medical interoperability across the North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance.
MeSH term(s)	United States ; Humans ; Europe ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Medicine/education ; Anesthesiology ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391061-1
ISSN	1930-613X ; 0026-4075
ISSN (online)	1930-613X
ISSN	0026-4075
DOI	10.1093/milmed/usad164
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Article ; Online: Analysis of the U.S. Military Trauma System in Accordance With Doctrinal Levels of Warfare.

Baker, Jay B / Keenan, Sean / Duquette-Frame, Teresa A / Kotwal, Russ / Harvey, Andrew S / Cap, Andrew P / Shackelford, Stacy A / Gurney, Jennifer M

Military medicine

2023

Abstract: Introduction: In recent conflicts, the Joint Theater Trauma System (JTTS) led the systematic approach to improve battlefield trauma care, substantially contributing to the unprecedented survival of combat casualties. The Joint Trauma System (JTS) was ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: In recent conflicts, the Joint Theater Trauma System (JTTS) led the systematic approach to improve battlefield trauma care, substantially contributing to the unprecedented survival of combat casualties. The Joint Trauma System (JTS) was codified in 2016 to preserve the lessons learned and functions of the JTTS, including the Department of Defense Trauma Registry. Concurrently, Combatant Commands (CCMD) were directed to establish CCMD Trauma Systems (CTS) "modeled after the JTTS" and to maintain a baseline of core functions intended to rapidly scale as needed. The complex nature of both CCMDs and the military trauma system has challenged the full implementation of the CTS. Analyzing the historical experiences of the JTTS, JTS, and CTS within a military doctrinal framework might enable the further success of the military trauma system. Methods: The strategic, operational, and tactical levels of warfare, in accordance with Joint Publication 1-0, Doctrine of the Armed Forces of the United States, and Joint Publication 3-0, Joint Operations, established the analytic framework for this study. The literature regarding the JTTS, CTS, and JTS was reviewed for relevant information concerning organizational structure and functions of trauma system performance improvement (PI) capabilities. A comprehensive analysis was performed using a thematic approach to evaluating descriptive data contained within the collected data set. Deployed trauma system PI tasks, functions, and responsibilities were identified, defined, and correlated according to the respective levels of warfare. Results: The comprehensive analysis revealed both discrete and overlapping tasks, functions, and responsibilities of the trauma system PI capabilities at each of the three levels of warfare. Strategic-level actions were categorized according to 12 distinct themes: reduce mortality; strategic reporting; centralized trauma registry; strategic communications; centralized organization; direct support to CCMDs; Department of Defense policy and doctrine; strategic-level PI; clinical practice guidelines; training and readiness standards; force structure, standardization, and interoperability; and research and development. Operational-level actions were categorized according to seven distinct themes: theater trauma system policies and requirements; theater trauma system leadership; stakeholder coordination; theater communication; theater standards for readiness and skill sustainment; trauma system planning; and medical logistics support. Tactical-level actions were categorized according to seven distinct themes: trauma system personnel; PI; documentation enforcement and patient care data collection; tactical planning recommendations for employing medical assets; research support; communication and reporting; and training and skills sustainment. Conclusion: The deployed U.S. military trauma system requires a robust PI capability to optimize combat casualty care. Policy updates, a joint military trauma system doctrine, and force design updates are necessary for deployed military trauma system PI capabilities to function optimally across all levels of warfare.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391061-1
ISSN	1930-613X ; 0026-4075
ISSN (online)	1930-613X
ISSN	0026-4075
DOI	10.1093/milmed/usad053
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Article: The doctrinal basis for medical stability operations.

Baker, Jay B

Military medicine

2010 Volume 175, Issue 1, Page(s) 14–20

Abstract: This article describes possible roles for the military in the health sector during stability operations, which exist primarily when security conditions do not permit the free movement of civilian actors. This article reviews the new U.S. Army Field ... ...

Abstract	This article describes possible roles for the military in the health sector during stability operations, which exist primarily when security conditions do not permit the free movement of civilian actors. This article reviews the new U.S. Army Field Manuals (FMs) 3-24, Counterinsurgency and FM 3-07, Stability Operations, in the context of the health sector. Essential tasks in medical stability operations are identified for various logical lines of operation including information operations, civil security, civil control, support to governance, support to economic development, and restoration of essential services. Restoring essential services is addressed in detail including coordination, assessment, actions, and metrics in the health sector. Coordination by the military with other actors in the health sector including host nation medical officials, other United States governmental agencies, international governmental organizations (IGOs), and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) is key to success in medical stability operations.
MeSH term(s)	Civil Defense/organization & administration ; Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration ; Efficiency, Organizational ; Financing, Government ; Health Planning ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Military Medicine/organization & administration ; Military Personnel ; Police/organization & administration ; Security Measures
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-01-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391061-1
ISSN	1930-613X ; 0026-4075
ISSN (online)	1930-613X
ISSN	0026-4075
DOI	10.7205/milmed-d-09-00072
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