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Article: Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury - Are we Closer to Clinical Application in Humans?

Bakhshi, Saqib Kamran / Jooma, Rashid

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

2023 Volume 73Suppl 1, Issue 2, Page(s) S89–S92

Abstract: Recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) is highly variable, often leaving the victim disabled for life and having to deal with the complications of paraplegia. Stem cell therapy is a potential hope for these patients. Most of the research on use of stem ... ...

Abstract	Recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) is highly variable, often leaving the victim disabled for life and having to deal with the complications of paraplegia. Stem cell therapy is a potential hope for these patients. Most of the research on use of stem cells for SCI has been on animal models in laboratories. Some recent clinical trials involving human subjects have shown positive outcomes with regards to tissue growth after transplantation, but meaningful functional recovery is yet to be seen. The emergence of lumbar cord simulation is a new approach and the recent identification of recovery organizing interneurons points to a pathway that could integrate neuromodulation with cellular therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Spinal Cord Injuries/therapy ; Spinal Cord ; Paraplegia ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Recovery of Function/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-14
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603873-6
ISSN	0030-9982
ISSN	0030-9982
DOI	10.47391/JPMA.AKUS-14
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Article: Artificial intelligence- image learning and its applications in neurooncology: a review.

Javed, Malaika / Bajwa, Mohammad Hamza / Bakhshi, Saqib Kamran

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

2024 Volume 74, Issue 4 (Supple-4), Page(s) S158–S160

Abstract: Image learning involves using artificial intelligence (AI) to analyse radiological images. Various machine and deeplearning- based techniques have been employed to process images and extract relevant features. These can later be used to detect tumours ... ...

Abstract	Image learning involves using artificial intelligence (AI) to analyse radiological images. Various machine and deeplearning- based techniques have been employed to process images and extract relevant features. These can later be used to detect tumours early and predict their survival based on their grading and classification. Radiomics is now also used to predict genetic mutations and differentiate between tumour progression and treatment-related side effects. These were once completely dependent on invasive procedures like biopsy and histopathology. The use and feasibility of these techniques are now widely being explored in neurooncology to devise more accurate management plans and limit morbidity and mortality. Hence, the future of oncology lies in the exploration of AI-based image learning techniques, which can be applied to formulate management plans based on less invasive diagnostic techniques, earlier detection of tumours, and prediction of prognosis based on radiomic features. In this review, we discuss some of these applications of image learning in current medical dynamics.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Medical Oncology/methods ; Machine Learning ; Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-13
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	603873-6
ISSN	0030-9982
ISSN	0030-9982
DOI	10.47391/JPMA.AKU-9S-24
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Article: Effect of post-operative infections on glioblastoma outcomes.

Shah, Zara / Bakhshi, Saqib Kamran / Shamim, Muhammad Shahzad

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

2023 Volume 73, Issue 3, Page(s) 711–712

Abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumour with a poor prognosis. The risk of developing a post-operative infection after craniotomy is the highest in GBM patients. Historical beliefs suggest that post-operative infections ... ...

Abstract	Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumour with a poor prognosis. The risk of developing a post-operative infection after craniotomy is the highest in GBM patients. Historical beliefs suggest that post-operative infections render a survival advantage in GBM patients, however recent clinical neurosurgical reports involving large multicentric patient cohorts do not support this claim. Nonetheless, the relationship has not been extensively studied which poses the need for further large, scaled studies to determine the association between post-operative infections and survival benefit in GBM patients.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Glioblastoma/pathology ; Prognosis ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Craniotomy/adverse effects ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-18
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603873-6
ISSN	0030-9982
ISSN	0030-9982
DOI	10.47391/JPMA.23-21
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Article ; Online: Quality of Life of Children Treated for Split Cord Malformation.

Masroor, Mehar / Virani, Qurat-Ul-Ain / Bakhshi, Saqib Kamran / Siddiqui, Malaika / Shamim, Muhammad Shahzad

World neurosurgery

2024

Abstract: Purpose: Split cord malformation (SCM), associated with neurological deficits, necessitates surgical intervention for spinal cord de-tethering. Limited evidence exists regarding its impact on children's quality of life. Our study aims to evaluate the ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Split cord malformation (SCM), associated with neurological deficits, necessitates surgical intervention for spinal cord de-tethering. Limited evidence exists regarding its impact on children's quality of life. Our study aims to evaluate the postoperative quality of life in children treated for split cord malformation. Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined records of patients with split cord malformation operated on between July 1, 2012, and July 31, 2022, at a single center. Data, including Health Utility Index-3 (HUI-3) scores provided by guardians, was collected to assess quality of life. Clinical and neurological outcomes were also analyzed. Results: Twenty-five patients, predominantly females (68%), with a median age of 7 years, were included. Most presented with normal motor function (76%). The most common anatomic level of split cord malformation was lumbar (12 48%) followed by lumbosacral (5, 20%). A bony spur from the lamina was the most common cause of splitting the cord (64%). Over a median follow-up of 3.3 years, 64% showed neurological stability, 16% showed neurological improvement, and 4% experienced deterioration. The mean HUI-3 score for 21 children was 0.93 ± 0.24. Conclusion: Surgical management of split cord malformation demonstrated favorable neurological outcomes and a positive long-term quality of life, as evidenced by HUI-3 scores. Our findings emphasize the efficacy of surgical intervention in improving the lives of children with this condition.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2534351-8
ISSN	1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
ISSN (online)	1878-8769
ISSN	1878-8750
DOI	10.1016/j.wneu.2024.05.074
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Article: Intracranial metastasis of testicular germ cell tumours.

Shah, Zara / Bashir, Hafiza Hifza / Bakhshi, Saqib Kamran / Shamim, Muhammad Shahzad

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

2023 Volume 73, Issue 5, Page(s) 1137–1139

Abstract: Brain metastasis from testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) is rare and represents only 2% of metastatic brain tumours. Although TGCTs have a good survival rate, the prognosis of brain metastasis is poor. Due to the rarity of the diagnosis, there are ... ...

Abstract	Brain metastasis from testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) is rare and represents only 2% of metastatic brain tumours. Although TGCTs have a good survival rate, the prognosis of brain metastasis is poor. Due to the rarity of the diagnosis, there are limited studies on the topic and a standardized treatment protocol does not exist. Surgical management has long been considered a positive prognostic factor; however, recent studies have investigated the impact of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in these patients. Current literature suggests multiplicity of brain lesions and treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone can have a poor impact on the prognosis of the disease. However, studies with larger cohorts are required to understand and develop the optimal treatment protocol for patients with brain metastasis from TGCT.
MeSH term(s)	Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/secondary ; Brain Neoplasms/therapy ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/drug therapy ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/pathology ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/secondary ; Testicular Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Testicular Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Testicular Neoplasms/pathology ; Survival Analysis ; Radiotherapy ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-22
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603873-6
ISSN	0030-9982
ISSN	0030-9982
DOI	10.47391/JPMA.23-37
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Article: Non-enhancing intraventricular tumours in adults.

Khalil, Mujtaba / Bakhshi, Saqib Kamran / Shamim, Muhammad Shahzad

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

2022 Volume 72, Issue 2, Page(s) 377–379

Abstract: Intraventricular tumours are relatively uncommon among all brain tumours, and non-enhancing lesions, mostly subependymoma, are even less frequently reported. Select cases of subependymoma can show variable contrast enhancement as well. Gross total ... ...

Abstract	Intraventricular tumours are relatively uncommon among all brain tumours, and non-enhancing lesions, mostly subependymoma, are even less frequently reported. Select cases of subependymoma can show variable contrast enhancement as well. Gross total surgical resection is recommended for treating these lesions, with no significant role of adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Brain Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Brain Neoplasms/therapy ; Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms/pathology ; Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms/surgery ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-07
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603873-6
ISSN	0030-9982
ISSN	0030-9982
DOI	10.47391/JPMA.22-39
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Article: Seizure outcomes after meningioma resection.

Masroor, Mehar / Bakhshi, Saqib Kamran / Shamim, Muhammad Shahzad

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

2022 Volume 72, Issue 4, Page(s) 776–778

Abstract: Meningiomas are one of the most common primary brain tumours, and seizures are a common presenting symptom. Complete tumour resection results in seizure freedom in up to 90% patients. The use of AEDs in these patients is inconsistent, and current ... ...

Abstract	Meningiomas are one of the most common primary brain tumours, and seizures are a common presenting symptom. Complete tumour resection results in seizure freedom in up to 90% patients. The use of AEDs in these patients is inconsistent, and current evidence shows that they do not have any benefit in long-term seizure prevention after resection. Tumour histology, location, surrounding oedema, recurrence and post-operative complications are important risk factors for having post-operative seizures.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Meningeal Neoplasms/surgery ; Meningioma/complications ; Meningioma/pathology ; Meningioma/surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seizures/complications
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-26
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603873-6
ISSN	0030-9982
ISSN	0030-9982
DOI	10.47391/JPMA.22-31
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Article: Stereotactic Radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas: A review of literature.

Siddiqui, Kaynat / Bakhshi, Saqib Kamran / Shamim, Muhammad Shahzad

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

2022 Volume 72, Issue 1, Page(s) 185–187

Abstract: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a choice of treatment for pituitary adenomas (PA), particularly for residual or recurrent disease, apart from surgery. It has a progression free survival and endocrine remission rate comparable to surgery, with fewer ... ...

Abstract	Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a choice of treatment for pituitary adenomas (PA), particularly for residual or recurrent disease, apart from surgery. It has a progression free survival and endocrine remission rate comparable to surgery, with fewer side effects, making it an ideal tool for dealing with PA. In this review, we have discussed the role of SRS for primary as well as post-operative residual/ recurrent PA, and have assessed its safety and outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Adenoma/surgery ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery ; Progression-Free Survival ; Radiosurgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-31
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	603873-6
ISSN	0030-9982
ISSN	0030-9982
DOI	10.47391/JPMA.22-005
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Article: Intraoperative Seizures During Awake Craniotomy for Brain Tumor Resection.

Shah, Zara / Bakhshi, Saqib Kamran / Khalil, Mujtaba / Shafiq, Faraz / Enam, Syed Ather / Shamim, Muhammad Shahzad

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 8, Page(s) e43454

Abstract: Background Intra-operative seizures (IOS) can occur during awake craniotomies (AC) for brain tumors. They can potentially result in an increased risk of morbidity; however, literature is scarce on IOS, its risk factors, and predictors. This study aims to ...

Abstract	Background Intra-operative seizures (IOS) can occur during awake craniotomies (AC) for brain tumors. They can potentially result in an increased risk of morbidity; however, literature is scarce on IOS, its risk factors, and predictors. This study aims to ascertain the frequency of IOS in patients undergoing AC and determine possible IOS predictors. Methods In this retrospective study, we reviewed the records of all patients who underwent AC for tumor resection at a single university hospital between January 2016 and December 2020. IOS was defined as any seizure, including partial or generalized, experienced by any patient at any time from the beginning of the procedure till the end of surgery. Results Two hundred patients underwent AC during the study period. Seven (3.5%) patients experienced IOS. Compared to the non-seizure group, no significant correlation existed with any demographic variable. No significant difference was seen between the initial complaints presented by the two groups. In addition, the post-operative course of the seizure group did not significantly differ from the non-seizure group. Due to the low frequency of IOS in our cohort, an extensive analysis to determine predictors could not be performed. Conclusion In this study, we observed a low frequency of IOS (3.5%) during AC. The possible predictors and risk factors must be further investigated in large cohorts; to help limit the consequences of this possible intraoperative complication.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.43454
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Article: Management of paediatric glioblastoma.

Pervez, Wardah / Bakhshi, Saqib Kamran / Mirza, Farhan Arshad / Shamim, Muhammad Shahzad

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

2022 Volume 71, Issue 1(B), Page(s) 385–387

Abstract: Glioblastoma is rather uncommon in children, accounting for less than 5% of all paediatric brain tumours. Recent large sample size cohorts have clearly shown that extent of resection and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy impact survival. ... ...

Abstract	Glioblastoma is rather uncommon in children, accounting for less than 5% of all paediatric brain tumours. Recent large sample size cohorts have clearly shown that extent of resection and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy impact survival. Unfortunately, this may not be the practice in a real world setting, especially in low-middle income countries (LMIC). The aim of this review is to summarize and highlight important findings from studies on paediatric glioblastoma.
MeSH term(s)	Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Child ; Glioblastoma/therapy ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-31
Publishing country	Pakistan
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	603873-6
ISSN	0030-9982
ISSN	0030-9982
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