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Article: Prevention, Intervention and Care of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Bakirtzis, Christos / Boziki, Marina-Kleopatra / Grigoriadis, Nikolaos

2023 Volume 11, Issue 16

Abstract: Chronic neurodegenerative diseases encompass a wide spectrum of disorders and affect millions of people worldwide [ ... ]. ...

Abstract	Chronic neurodegenerative diseases encompass a wide spectrum of disorders and affect millions of people worldwide [...].
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare11162349
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Article ; Online: Time to Rebaseline Cognitive Performance in People with Multiple Sclerosis?

Bakirtzis, Christos / Langdon, Dawn W / Grigoriadis, Nikolaos

Annals of neurology

2023 Volume 93, Issue 5, Page(s) 1040

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/complications ; Cognition ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80362-5
ISSN	1531-8249 ; 0364-5134
ISSN (online)	1531-8249
ISSN	0364-5134
DOI	10.1002/ana.26628
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Zs.A 1370: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 478: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Effects of High Efficacy Multiple Sclerosis Disease Modifying Drugs on the Immune Synapse: A Systematic Review.

Deftereos, Spyros N / Vavougios, George D / Bakirtzis, Christos / Hadjigeorgiou, George / Grigoriadis, Nikolaos

Current pharmaceutical design

2024 Volume 30, Issue 7, Page(s) 536–551

Abstract: Background: Co-signaling and adhesion molecules are important elements for creating immune synapses between T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells; they positively or negatively regulate the interaction between a T cell receptor with its cognate ... ...

Abstract	Background: Co-signaling and adhesion molecules are important elements for creating immune synapses between T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells; they positively or negatively regulate the interaction between a T cell receptor with its cognate antigen, presented by the major histocompatibility complex. Objectives: We conducted a systematic review on the effects of High Efficacy Disease Modifying Drugs (HEDMDs) for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) on the co-signaling and adhesion molecules that form the immune synapse. Methods: We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, and other sources to identify clinical or preclinical reports on the effects of HEDMDs on co-signaling and adhesion molecules that participate in the formation of immune synapses in patients with MS or other autoimmune disorders. We included reports on cladribine tablets, anti- CD20 monoclonal antibodies, S1P modulators, inhibitors of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase, and natalizumab. Results: In 56 eligible reports among 7340 total publications, limited relevant evidence was uncovered. Not all co-signaling and adhesion molecules have been studied in relation to every HEDMD, with more data being available on the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (that affect CD80, CD86, GITR and TIGIT), cladribine tablets (affecting CD28, CD40, ICAM-1, LFA-1) and the S1P modulators (affecting CD86, ICAM-1 and LFA-1) and less on Natalizumab (affecting CD80, CD86, CD40, LFA-1, VLA-4) and Alemtuzumab (affecting GITR and CTLA-4). Conclusion: The puzzle of HEDMD effects on the immune synapse is far from complete. The available evidence suggests that distinguishing differences exist between drugs and are worth pursuing further.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy ; Multiple Sclerosis/immunology ; Immunological Synapses/drug effects ; Immunological Synapses/immunology ; Immunological Synapses/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/antagonists & inhibitors ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-11
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1304236-1
ISSN	1873-4286 ; 1381-6128
ISSN (online)	1873-4286
ISSN	1381-6128
DOI	10.2174/0113816128288102240131053205
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Article: Morphosyntactic Abilities and Cognitive Performance in Multiple Sclerosis.

Grigoriadis, Panagiotis / Bakirtzis, Christos / Nteli, Elli / Boziki, Marina-Kleopatra / Kotoumpa, Maria / Theotokis, Paschalis / Kesidou, Evangelia / Stavrakaki, Stavroula

Brain sciences

2024 Volume 14, Issue 3

Abstract: While cognitive abilities in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) have been studied in detail, little is known about linguistic abilities in PwMS and their relation to cognitive impairment. In this cross-sectional explorative study, we aim to ... ...

Abstract	While cognitive abilities in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) have been studied in detail, little is known about linguistic abilities in PwMS and their relation to cognitive impairment. In this cross-sectional explorative study, we aim to investigate the morphosyntactic abilities of PwMS alongside their cognitive performance. Furthermore, we explore the effect of clinical factors, namely, the disease duration and MS type, on the linguistic and cognitive performance of PwMS. By so doing, we aim to shed light on neurocognitive and clinical correlates of linguistic performance in PwMS. We included 78 patients and 78 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy individuals. All participants were additionally administered the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) battery, a verbal short-term memory task (non-word repetition) and questionnaires about mood, fatigue and quality of life. In addition, they underwent examinations with morphology and syntax tasks. PwMS were found to be impaired in morphology (past tense) and selectively impaired in syntax alongside cognitive impairments. Disease duration had the main impact on cognitive abilities. The MS type selectively impacted linguistic abilities, as shown by the remarkably deficient performance of the MS individuals with the progressive disease subtype. Linguistic impairments were predicted by only one measure of the BICAM test, namely, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), a measure of cognitive processing speed. Overall, this study contributes to the better understanding of the linguistic profile of PwMS by reporting selective deficits in their morphological and syntactical abilities. Furthermore, it provides insights into the clinical and cognitive correlates of linguistic performance. By so doing, it suggests clinical implications for the development of intervention programs for PwMS.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651993-8
ISSN	2076-3425
ISSN	2076-3425
DOI	10.3390/brainsci14030237
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Article ; Online: The impact of SARS-CoV-2 immunization on COVID-19 disease course in people with myasthenia gravis.

Bakirtzis, Christos / Boziki, Marina-Kleopatra / Karakasi, Maria-Valeria / Moysiadis, Theodoros / Grigoriadis, Nikolaos

Muscle & nerve

2023 Volume 67, Issue 5, Page(s) 412–416

Abstract: Introduction/aims: There is limited knowledge regarding the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines οn coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease course in people with myasthenia gravis. In this study, we aimed ... ...

Abstract	Introduction/aims: There is limited knowledge regarding the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines οn coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease course in people with myasthenia gravis. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 vaccination influences hospitalization and mortality due to COVID-19 in this population. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of administrative data extracted from the Greek nationwide database that holds the COVID-19 disease and vaccination registry, as well as all medical prescription records. The study period extended from the onset of the pandemic (February 2020) until the 10th of January 2022. Results: We identified 278 people with myasthenia gravis (mean age 58.1 ± 17.2, 47.5% males) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Of those, 139 (50%) were not vaccinated at the time of infection. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of hospitalization increased with age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.058; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.036-1.080; p < .001) and immunosuppressive treatment (OR: 2.872; 95% CI 1.412-5.839; p = .004), and decreased with vaccination (OR: 0.244; 95% CI 0.132-0.453; p < .001). The probability of a fatal outcome increased with age (OR: 1.085; 95% CI 1.043-1.129; p < .001) and decreased with vaccination (OR: 0.315; 95% CI 0.125-0.791; p = .014). Discussion: SARS-CoV-2 vaccination significantly reduces hospitalization and mortality due to COVID-19 in people with myasthenia gravis. This study regarding the efficacy of these vaccines, together with previous studies regarding their safety, provide evidence to support their use in people with myasthenia gravis.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Vaccination ; Myasthenia Gravis/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	438353-9
ISSN	1097-4598 ; 0148-639X
ISSN (online)	1097-4598
ISSN	0148-639X
DOI	10.1002/mus.27805
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Zs.A 1449: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 551: Show issues

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Article: Cognitive Impairment and Brain Reorganization in MS: Underlying Mechanisms and the Role of Neurorehabilitation.

Nasios, Grigorios / Bakirtzis, Christos / Messinis, Lambros

Frontiers in neurology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 147

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory, and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects both white and gray matter. Various mechanisms throughout its course, mainly regarding gray matter lesions and ... ...

Abstract	Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory, and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects both white and gray matter. Various mechanisms throughout its course, mainly regarding gray matter lesions and brain atrophy, result in cognitive network dysfunction and can cause clinically significant cognitive impairment in roughly half the persons living with MS. Altered cognition is responsible for many negative aspects of patients' lives, independently of physical disability, such as higher unemployment and divorce rates, reduced social activities, and an overall decrease in quality of life. Despite its devastating impact it is not included in clinical ratings and decision making in the way it should be. It is interesting that only half the persons with MS exhibit cognitive dysfunction, as this implies that the other half remain cognitively intact. It appears that a dynamic balance between brain destruction and brain reorganization is taking place. This balance acts in favor of keeping brain systems functioning effectively, but this is not so in all cases, and the effect does not last forever. When these systems collapse, functional brain reorganization is not effective anymore, and clinically apparent impairments are evident. It is therefore important to reveal which factors could make provision for the subpopulation of patients in whom cognitive impairment occurs. Even if we manage to detect this subpopulation earlier, effective pharmaceutical treatments will still be lacking. Nevertheless, recent evidence shows that cognitive rehabilitation and neuromodulation, using non-invasive techniques such as transcranial magnetic or direct current stimulation, could be effective in cognitively impaired patients with MS. In this Mini Review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in MS. We also focus on mechanisms of reorganization of cognitive networks, which occur throughout the disease course. Finally, we review theoretical and practical issues of neurorehabilitation and neuromodulation for cognition in MS as well as factors that influence them and prevent them from being widely applied in clinical settings.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2564214-5
ISSN	1664-2295
ISSN	1664-2295
DOI	10.3389/fneur.2020.00147
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Article ; Online: Encephalomyelitis and Lymphadenopathy in a Man in His Early 40s.

Bakirtzis, Christos / Syntila, Styliani-Aggeliki / Grigoriadis, Nikolaos

JAMA neurology

2020 Volume 77, Issue 9, Page(s) 1171–1172

MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Encephalomyelitis/diagnosis ; Humans ; Lymphadenopathy/diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2702023-X
ISSN	2168-6157 ; 2168-6149
ISSN (online)	2168-6157
ISSN	2168-6149
DOI	10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1634
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Article: Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography with Angiography in Multiple Sclerosis.

Chalkias, Ioannis-Nikolaos / Bakirtzis, Christos / Pirounides, Demetrios / Boziki, Marina Kleopatra / Grigoriadis, Nikolaos

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 10, Issue 8

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative, potentially disabling disease of the central nervous system. OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) and OCT-A (Optical Coherence Tomography with Angiography) are imaging techniques for the ... ...

Abstract	Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative, potentially disabling disease of the central nervous system. OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) and OCT-A (Optical Coherence Tomography with Angiography) are imaging techniques for the retina and choroid that are used in the diagnosis and monitoring of ophthalmological conditions. Their use has recently expanded the study of several autoimmune disorders, including MS. Although their application in MS remains unclear, the results seem promising. This review aimed to provide insight into the most recent OCT and OCT-A findings in MS and may function as a reference point for future research. According to the current literature, the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform complex (GC-IPL) are significantly reduced in people with MS and are inversely correlated with disease duration. The use of OCT might help distinguish between MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), as the latter presents with more pronounced thinning in both the RNFL and GC-IPL. The OCT-A findings in MS include reduced vessel density in the macula, peripapillary area, or both, and the enlargement of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in the setting of optic neuritis. Additionally, OCT-A might be able to detect damage in the very early stages of the disease as well as disease progression in severe cases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare10081386
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Article: Smell as a Disease Marker in Multiple Sclerosis.

Printza, Athanasia / Boziki, Marina / Valsamidis, Constantinos / Bakirtzis, Christos / Constantinidis, Jannis / Grigoriadis, Nikolaos / Triaridis, Stefanos

Journal of clinical medicine

2022 Volume 11, Issue 17

Abstract: Existing data suggest that people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are at an elevated risk for experiencing olfactory impairment. We investigated if smell dysfunction can be used as an MS disease marker. This is a cross-sectional, case−control study. All ... ...

Abstract	Existing data suggest that people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are at an elevated risk for experiencing olfactory impairment. We investigated if smell dysfunction can be used as an MS disease marker. This is a cross-sectional, case−control study. All data were collected prospectively from 171 participants, 115 pwMS and 56 controls (age and sex stratified and matched to the patients), who reported smell, taste, and nasal breathing, and completed the Greek-validated questionnaires for nasal obstruction (NOSE), nasal-symptoms QoL (SNOT-22), and olfaction-associated QoL (QOD). The smell was assessed with the “Sniffin’ sticks” (odor threshold (OT), discrimination (OD), identification (OI) test, and total TDI). We recorded the pwMS disease characteristics (Expanded Disability Status Scale-EDSS, the disease type and duration), cognitive function, emotional status, fatigue, and impact of MS in everyday activities. A TDI < 30.75 (hyposmia) was detected in 30.8% of the patients. The patients’ OD and TDI scores were significantly lower than the controls’ (p = 0.005, and 0.015, respectively). The hyposmia correlated with disease severity and duration. The EDSS score correlated negatively with OD (r = −0.299, p = 0.001) and TDI (r = −0.242, p = 0.01). The disease duration correlated negatively with OD (r = −0.305, p = 0.001, OI (r = −0.253, p = 0.008) and TDI (r = −0.3, p = 0.001). The information processing speed (SDMT) correlated with OD, OT, and TDI (r = 0.302, p = 0.002; r = 0.242, p = 0.016; r = 0.326, p = 0.001). The olfactory function is changing in MS in accordance with disease progression.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm11175215
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Article ; Online: Quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis receiving glatiramer acetate or interferon in Greek clinical practice.

Mitsikostas, Dimos / Bakirtzis, Christos / Nikolaidis, Ioannis / Tsimourtou, Vana / Kountra, Persa / Matsi, Stavroula / Papadimitriou, Alexandros

Neurodegenerative disease management

2022 Volume 12, Issue 6, Page(s) 311–322

Abstract: Aim: ...

Abstract	Aim:
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Glatiramer Acetate/therapeutic use ; Quality of Life ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy ; Greece ; Interferons/therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Peptides/therapeutic use ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/drug therapy ; Interferon-beta ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Glatiramer Acetate (5M691HL4BO) ; Interferons (9008-11-1) ; Peptides ; Interferon-beta (77238-31-4) ; Immunosuppressive Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2608846-0
ISSN	1758-2032 ; 1758-2024
ISSN (online)	1758-2032
ISSN	1758-2024
DOI	10.2217/nmt-2022-0004
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