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  1. Article: Prospective immunological profiling in a case of immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX).

    Bakke, A C / Purtzer, M Z / Wildin, R S

    Clinical and experimental immunology

    2004  Volume 137, Issue 2, Page(s) 373–378

    Abstract: IPEX syndrome is a genetic autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X-linked inheritance. We describe a case of IPEX in which lymphocyte phenotypes were assessed at birth, before initiation of Cyclosporin A ...

    Abstract IPEX syndrome is a genetic autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X-linked inheritance. We describe a case of IPEX in which lymphocyte phenotypes were assessed at birth, before initiation of Cyclosporin A therapy, and at frequent intervals to 18 months of age. We performed flow cytometry for lymphocyte subtypes and for activation markers (HLA-DR, CD25, and CD69 or CD71). The ratios of both T to B cells and CD4+ to CD8+ cells were elevated at birth, but CD4+ cells were not activated. HLA-DR+ and CD25+ activated T-cells increased in association with two episodes of clinical deterioration: colitis and the onset of type I diabetes mellitus. These results indicate that measures of activation, particularly HLA-DR+ and CD25+ frequency, correlate well with the development of early active disease and may presage clinical episodes. Continuous maintenance of immunosuppression, once started, appears critical for prevention of permanent tissue damage.
    MeSH term(s) Follow-Up Studies ; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/immunology ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Infant, Newborn ; Lymphocyte Activation/immunology ; Male ; Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/immunology ; Protein-Losing Enteropathies/immunology ; Syndrome ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218531-3
    ISSN 1365-2249 ; 0009-9104 ; 0964-2536
    ISSN (online) 1365-2249
    ISSN 0009-9104 ; 0964-2536
    DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02537.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Neutrophil CD64 expression: distinguishing acute inflammatory autoimmune disease from systemic infections.

    Allen, E / Bakke, A C / Purtzer, M Z / Deodhar, A

    Annals of the rheumatic diseases

    2002  Volume 61, Issue 6, Page(s) 522–525

    Abstract: Background: Common bacterial and opportunistic infections are a major cause of mortality in patients who are immunosuppressed owing to treatment with corticosteroids or cytotoxic drugs. Common laboratory tests for infection lack sensitivity and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Common bacterial and opportunistic infections are a major cause of mortality in patients who are immunosuppressed owing to treatment with corticosteroids or cytotoxic drugs. Common laboratory tests for infection lack sensitivity and specificity. One of the new generation of tests to detect early systemic infections measures the up regulation of an Fc receptor (Fcgamma R1, or CD64) on neutrophils. The Fc receptors on white blood cells are very important for effective phagocytosis of bacteria and are up regulated during an infection.
    Objective: To measure the clinical usefulness of quantitative CD64 measurements to differentiate between systemic infection and active autoimmune inflammation in an ongoing study.
    Methods: Patients with systemic infection (n=27), active autoimmune inflammatory disease (n=44), vasculitis (n=5), and controls (n=20) were studied for neutrophil CD64 expression using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry.
    Results: The median (interquartile range (IQR)) CD64 expression in patients with active inflammatory disease and systemic infection was 907.5 (586-1550) and 3647 (2380-6642), respectively (p<0.0001). The median (IQR) CD64 expression in control patients (osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia) was 505 (359-599). The sensitivity and specificity of CD64 expression on neutrophils to diagnose systemic infection (using a cut off value of 2000) was 85% and 91%, respectively.
    Conclusion: These results indicate that quantitative measurement of CD64 can distinguish between systemic infection and the flare of autoimmune diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Acute-Phase Reaction ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use ; Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis ; Biomarkers ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Flow Cytometry/methods ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Infection/diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Receptors, IgG/metabolism ; Rheumatic Diseases/diagnosis
    Chemical Substances Antirheumatic Agents ; Biomarkers ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Receptors, IgG
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Controlled Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 7090-7
    ISSN 1468-2060 ; 0003-4967
    ISSN (online) 1468-2060
    ISSN 0003-4967
    DOI 10.1136/ard.61.6.522
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Rescue of the autoimmune scurfy mouse by partial bone marrow transplantation or by injection with T-enriched splenocytes.

    Smyk-Pearson, S K / Bakke, A C / Held, P K / Wildin, R S

    Clinical and experimental immunology

    2003  Volume 133, Issue 2, Page(s) 193–199

    Abstract: The scurfy mutant mouse is the genetic and phenotypic equivalent of the single-gene human autoimmune disease immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX). The scurfy mutation disrupts the Foxp3 gene, a putative master switch for ... ...

    Abstract The scurfy mutant mouse is the genetic and phenotypic equivalent of the single-gene human autoimmune disease immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX). The scurfy mutation disrupts the Foxp3 gene, a putative master switch for T regulatory cell development. Bone marrow transplant without conditioning was previously reported to be ineffective in scurfy mice, yet clinical remission occurs in transplanted human IPEX patients despite limited donor engraftment. In view of this contradiction, we sought to validate scurfy as a model for studying the pathogenesis and treatment of human IPEX, in particular the phenomenon of dominant immune regulation. One half of scurfy mice given bone marrow transplants after sublethal irradiation recovered and survived long-term with donor chimerism ranging from 1.7% to 50%. Early transfer of 2 x 107 normal T cell-enriched splenocytes also prevented or limited disease and permitted long-term survival. Donor T cells in rescued mice made up 3-5% of lymphocytes and became highly enriched for CD25+ T cells over time. Transfer of 106 CD4+ CD25+ sorted T cells showed some beneficial effect, while CD4+ CD25- cells did not. Thus, both partial bone marrow transplant and T-enriched splenocyte transfer are effective treatments for scurfy. These results indicate that scurfy results from a lack of cells with dominant immune regulatory capacity, possibly T regulatory cells. The potency of small numbers of normal cells indicates that IPEX may be a feasible target for gene therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/genetics ; Autoimmune Diseases/pathology ; Autoimmune Diseases/therapy ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Lymphocyte Transfusion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/genetics ; Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/pathology ; Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/therapy ; Survival Analysis ; T-Lymphocytes/transplantation ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances DNA-Binding Proteins ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Foxp3 protein, mouse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-05-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 218531-3
    ISSN 1365-2249 ; 0009-9104 ; 0964-2536
    ISSN (online) 1365-2249
    ISSN 0009-9104 ; 0964-2536
    DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02217.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: T cell receptor V beta gene expression in monozygotic twins. Discordance in CD8 subset and in disease states.

    Davey, M P / Meyer, M M / Bakke, A C

    Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

    1994  Volume 152, Issue 1, Page(s) 315–321

    Abstract: The peripheral T cell repertoire is shaped by positive and negative selection. These intrathymic events are dependent on the direct interaction of MHC and TCR molecules. Inasmuch as one possible mechanism for HLA-linked disease involves the role that ... ...

    Abstract The peripheral T cell repertoire is shaped by positive and negative selection. These intrathymic events are dependent on the direct interaction of MHC and TCR molecules. Inasmuch as one possible mechanism for HLA-linked disease involves the role that these molecules play in shaping the peripheral T cell repertoire, an understanding of how stable the repertoire remains is an important question that will influence future studies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the stability of the T cell repertoire in monozygotic twins. To investigate this question the percentage of CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing TCR V beta gene products was determined for seven sets of healthy monozygotic twins ages 2 through 44. V beta expression was determined by three-color flow cytometric analysis using antibodies to V beta-5.1, -5.2, -5.3, -6.7, -8, and -12. The percentage of CD4 cells expressing each V beta gene was highly concordant between twins. In contrast, differences were noted for V beta expression within the CD8 subset. This was especially marked when sets of twins were studied (n = 3) where one individual had an underlying disease. Although expression in the CD4 subset was again concordant, significant differences were noted within the CD8 subset compared to the healthy twin. These data indicate that in both health and disease, the CD4 T cell repertoire is tightly regulated although often sizable differences have developed in the CD8 compartment.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8 Antigens/blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diseases in Twins/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; Twins, Monozygotic/genetics
    Chemical Substances CD8 Antigens ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta
    Language English
    Publishing date 1994-01-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 3056-9
    ISSN 1550-6606 ; 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
    ISSN (online) 1550-6606
    ISSN 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: An Fc receptor-bearing, third population of human mononuclear cells with cytotoxic and regulatory function.

    Horwitz, D A / Bakke, A C

    Immunology today

    1984  Volume 5, Issue 5, Page(s) 148–153

    Abstract: In 1973 Frøland and Natvig reported that 14.5% of human blood lymphocytes expressed distinctive Fc receptors for IgG (FcR) and that this subset lacked surface receptors believed to be characteristic for T and B cells. They named this subset 'third ... ...

    Abstract In 1973 Frøland and Natvig reported that 14.5% of human blood lymphocytes expressed distinctive Fc receptors for IgG (FcR) and that this subset lacked surface receptors believed to be characteristic for T and B cells. They named this subset 'third population' cells. Although these cells have been extensively studied since that time, whether they are a single unique population or immatureforms of other mononuclear populations is controversial. Their lineage is unknown. They have morphologic featur s that distinguish them from other mononuclear cells, but studies with monoclonal antibodies have revealed that they share surface markers andfunctions with T cells, monocytes and even granulocytes. Subsets of these cells are the effectors of natural and antibody-dependent cell killing, regulators of T-cell proliferation and suppressors of immunoglobulin synthesis. Here, David Horwitz and Antony Bakke discuss the present understanding of these cells, which they call 'L cells' because of the characteristic temperature-labile attachment of IgG molecules to their Fc receptors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 1984-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 283214-8
    ISSN 1355-8242 ; 0167-5699 ; 0167-4919
    ISSN (online) 1355-8242
    ISSN 0167-5699 ; 0167-4919
    DOI 10.1016/0167-5699(84)90238-X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: The cascade of membrane events during development of Dictyostelium discoideum.

    Bakke, A C / Lerner, R A

    Sub-cellular biochemistry

    1981  Volume 8, Page(s) 75–122

    MeSH term(s) Cell Aggregation ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Chemotaxis ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Dictyostelium/growth & development ; Intercellular Junctions ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Cyclic AMP/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Membrane Proteins ; Receptors, Cyclic AMP ; Cyclic AMP (E0399OZS9N)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1981
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 0306-0225 ; 0096-8757
    ISSN 0306-0225 ; 0096-8757
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-7951-9_2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Purification and the histones of Dictyostelium discoideum chromatin.

    Bakke, A C / Bonner, J

    Biochemistry

    1979  Volume 18, Issue 21, Page(s) 4556–4562

    Abstract: Dictyostelium chromatin has been purified from nuclei in high yield by differential centrifugation and nuclease cleaving. Its chemical composition has been assayed, and its histones have been analyzed by gel electrophoresis, peptide fingerprints, amino ... ...

    Abstract Dictyostelium chromatin has been purified from nuclei in high yield by differential centrifugation and nuclease cleaving. Its chemical composition has been assayed, and its histones have been analyzed by gel electrophoresis, peptide fingerprints, amino acid composition, and ion-exchange chromatography. The mass ratios of DNA/RNA/histone/nonhistone are 1.0:0.18:0.98:1.02. There are four histones including one unusual histone, H7, which is the most abundant histone in the slime mold. The H4-like protein is the most conserved protein, while the other histones show both similarities and differences with mammalian histones.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acids/analysis ; Cell Fractionation ; Chromatin/analysis ; Chromatin/ultrastructure ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/analysis ; DNA/analysis ; Dictyostelium/analysis ; Histones/isolation & purification ; Peptide Fragments/analysis ; RNA/analysis
    Chemical Substances Amino Acids ; Chromatin ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; Histones ; Peptide Fragments ; RNA (63231-63-0) ; DNA (9007-49-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1979-10-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1108-3
    ISSN 1520-4995 ; 0006-2960
    ISSN (online) 1520-4995
    ISSN 0006-2960
    DOI 10.1021/bi00588a016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Immunocytologic characteristics of mononuclear cell populations found in nonseptic olecranon bursitis.

    Smith, D L / Bakke, A C / Campbell, S M / Beckstead, J H

    The Journal of rheumatology

    1994  Volume 21, Issue 2, Page(s) 209–214

    Abstract: Objective: To determine the immunocytologic characteristics of the various subsets of nonseptic olecranon bursal fluid mononuclear cells.: Methods: Twenty consecutive patients with culture negative olecranon bursitis had immunocytochemical and flow ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine the immunocytologic characteristics of the various subsets of nonseptic olecranon bursal fluid mononuclear cells.
    Methods: Twenty consecutive patients with culture negative olecranon bursitis had immunocytochemical and flow cytometric analysis performed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to determine lymphocyte and monocyte/macrophage population subtypes and proportions.
    Results: In traumatic bursitis (n = 9), the mean (+/- SD) white blood cell (WBC) count/mm3 was 1,368 +/- 1,559; WBC mononuclear differential count was 29.5 +/- 19% lymphocytes and 55 +/- 26% monocyte/macrophages. In idiopathic bursitis (n = 11), the mean WBC/mm3 was 376 +/- 515; WBC mononuclear differential count was 28.5 +/- 16% lymphocytes and 52 +/- 27% monocytes/macrophages. Flow cytometry revealed 88% CD2+ T lymphocytes in the lymphocyte population, 3% B lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 T cell mean ratio of 2.5 +/- 1.5 for traumatic bursitis and 88% CD2+ T lymphocytes, 4% B lymphocytes and CD4/Cd8 ratio of 1.4 +/- 0.6 for idiopathic bursitis (p < 0.05, t test). Both groups contained increased proportions of lymphocyte subtypes expressing activation markers: CD25+, CD26+ and HLA DR+ compared to normal peripheral blood. In traumatic bursitis, the mean percent of CD14+ cells (monocyte/macrophages) was 62 +/- 24; in idiopathic bursitis, the mean percent was 51 +/- 28. The vast majority expressed high levels of HLA-DR indicating activation.
    Conclusion: We observed a preponderance of activated T cell subpopulations and monocyte/macrophages suggesting an immunologic role for these cell populations in the development and perpetuation of nonseptic bursitis.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/pathology ; Body Fluids/cytology ; Body Fluids/immunology ; Bursitis/etiology ; Bursitis/immunology ; Bursitis/pathology ; Elbow Joint ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Macrophages/immunology ; Macrophages/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Monocytes/immunology ; Monocytes/pathology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 1994-02
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 194928-7
    ISSN 1499-2752 ; 0315-162X
    ISSN (online) 1499-2752
    ISSN 0315-162X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Purification and the histones of Dictyostelium discoideum chromatin

    Bakke, A.C / Bonner, J

    Biochemistry. Oct 16, 1979. v. 18 (21)

    1979  

    Title variant Purification and the histones of Dictyostelium discoideum [Fungi] chromatin
    Keywords fungi
    Language English
    Dates of publication 1979-1016
    Size p. 4556-4562., ill.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1108-3
    ISSN 1520-4995 ; 0006-2960
    ISSN (online) 1520-4995
    ISSN 0006-2960
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article: An enzyme immunoassay for the flow cytometer (FEIA).

    Makler, M T / Bakke, A C / Piper, R C

    Journal of immunological methods

    1988  Volume 108, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 137–143

    Abstract: This report describes the use of a fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACS) in combination with an enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA). This combination of techniques expands the versatility of the flow cytometer. It introduces a new set of fluorescent ... ...

    Abstract This report describes the use of a fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACS) in combination with an enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA). This combination of techniques expands the versatility of the flow cytometer. It introduces a new set of fluorescent enzyme products for antigen detection. These highly substantive fluorescent compounds permit the flow cytometer to quantify cell-EIA reactions and also to delineate subpopulations of cells with different quantities of surface antigens. Because the FEIA product is colored, as well as fluorescent, a simple light microscope may also be used to define the distribution of the label on the cell surface. These techniques have been applied to the examination of antigens on human erythrocytes, human T cell lymphoma cells (H9), and to surface markers on the tissue culture cell line K562.
    MeSH term(s) Antigens/analysis ; Cell Line ; Erythrocytes/analysis ; Flow Cytometry/methods ; Flow Cytometry/standards ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques/standards ; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/analysis ; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/pathology ; Lymphoma/analysis ; Lymphoma/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/analysis
    Chemical Substances Antigens
    Language English
    Publishing date 1988-04-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120142-6
    ISSN 1872-7905 ; 0022-1759
    ISSN (online) 1872-7905
    ISSN 0022-1759
    DOI 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90412-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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