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Article ; Online: Trichinella proficiency testing in Southeastern European countries

Vasilev, Sasa / Ciupescu, Laurentiu Mihai / Lalkovski, Nikolay / Balić, Davor / Vasilev, Dragan / Marucci, Gianluca

Veterinary Parasitology. 2023 Aug., v. 320 p.109982-

2023

Abstract: In some Southeastern European (SEE) countries, like Serbia, Romania, and Bulgaria, trichinellosis is one of the most important foodborne zoonotic diseases. In those countries, EU regulation and local authorities require the staff of laboratories ... ...

Abstract	In some Southeastern European (SEE) countries, like Serbia, Romania, and Bulgaria, trichinellosis is one of the most important foodborne zoonotic diseases. In those countries, EU regulation and local authorities require the staff of laboratories performing official controls on meat to be properly trained and to check their competence by participating regularly in proficiency testing (PT). PTs are organized by National Reference Laboratories for Trichinella of each country and involve all official laboratories testing meat. In Romania and Bulgaria, the organization of PT for the detection of Trichinella larvae in meat by Magnetic Stirrer Method (MSM) started in 2012. In Croatia and Serbia PT was first organized in 2015 and 2017, respectively. This study presents data on the performance obtained by official laboratories of SEE countries that organize PT at national level and compares the performance obtained by laboratories belonging to different countries. Results suggest that the constant participation in PT leads to an increase in the performance of participating laboratories by positively affecting the staff accuracy in sample testing by MSM. Since the percentage of recovered larvae was in some cases suboptimal (<80%) and occasionally very poor (<40%), there is room for improvement. The regular participation in PT by laboratories involved in official controls on meat intended for human consumption is fundamental to guarantee consumer safety.
Keywords	Trichinella ; humans ; magnetism ; meat ; product safety ; trichinosis ; veterinary parasitology ; Bulgaria ; Croatia ; Romania ; Serbia ; Proficiency test ; SEE ; Public health protection
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-08
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	196831-2
ISSN	1873-2550 ; 0304-4017
ISSN (online)	1873-2550
ISSN	0304-4017
DOI	10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109982
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Trichinella proficiency testing in Southeastern European countries.

Vasilev, Sasa / Ciupescu, Laurentiu Mihai / Lalkovski, Nikolay / Balic, Davor / Vasilev, Dragan / Marucci, Gianluca

Veterinary parasitology

2023 Volume 320, Page(s) 109982

Abstract	In some Southeastern European (SEE) countries, like Serbia, Romania, and Bulgaria, trichinellosis is one of the most important foodborne zoonotic diseases. In those countries, EU regulation and local authorities require the staff of laboratories performing official controls on meat to be properly trained and to check their competence by participating regularly in proficiency testing (PT). PTs are organized by National Reference Laboratories for Trichinella of each country and involve all official laboratories testing meat. In Romania and Bulgaria, the organization of PT for the detection of Trichinella larvae in meat by Magnetic Stirrer Method (MSM) started in 2012. In Croatia and Serbia PT was first organized in 2015 and 2017, respectively. This study presents data on the performance obtained by official laboratories of SEE countries that organize PT at national level and compares the performance obtained by laboratories belonging to different countries. Results suggest that the constant participation in PT leads to an increase in the performance of participating laboratories by positively affecting the staff accuracy in sample testing by MSM. Since the percentage of recovered larvae was in some cases suboptimal (<80%) and occasionally very poor (<40%), there is room for improvement. The regular participation in PT by laboratories involved in official controls on meat intended for human consumption is fundamental to guarantee consumer safety.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Trichinella ; Food Parasitology ; Trichinellosis/diagnosis ; Trichinellosis/veterinary ; Zoonoses ; Meat ; Larva
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	196831-2
ISSN	1873-2550 ; 0304-4017
ISSN (online)	1873-2550
ISSN	0304-4017
DOI	10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109982
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A Large-Scale Outbreak of Trichinellosis from Infected Wild Boar Meat in Croatia and the Role of Real-Time PCR Assays in Confirming the Source of the Disease.

Balić, Davor / Dijanić, Tomislav / Agičić, Marija / Barić, Josip / Kaltenbrunner, Maria / Krajina, Hrvoje / Hochegger, Rupert / Škrivanko, Mario / Kožul, Karlo

Microorganisms

2023 Volume 11, Issue 12

Abstract: Background: Trichinellosis in Croatia posed a significant health concern during the 1990s, followed by a notable improvement in the epidemiological situation. However, in 2017, there was a resurgence, with 37 recorded cases in 3 outbreaks and 3 sporadic ...

Abstract	Background: Trichinellosis in Croatia posed a significant health concern during the 1990s, followed by a notable improvement in the epidemiological situation. However, in 2017, there was a resurgence, with 37 recorded cases in 3 outbreaks and 3 sporadic cases. The source of this epidemic was homemade meat products derived from wild boar meat, leading to 26 infections. Methods: At the beginning of the outbreak and during the treatment of the patients, the medical and epidemiological records prepared throughout the investigation and over the course of patient treatment were reviewed. The recovery of the first-stage (L1) larvae from suspect meat products was achieved by artificial digestion. The molecular identification of the isolated larvae was performed by multiplex PCR. The molecular identification of the meat used to prepare the meat products was performed by real-time PCR assays. Results: The epidemic started in early 2017. In total, 71 exposed persons were documented: 26 with clinical symptoms and 3 hospitalised in two cities in different counties. The L1 burden in three different meat products was from 5.25 to 7.08 larvae per gram (LPG), and Conclusions: Although trichinellosis is no longer a frequent occurrence in Croatia, several cases are still registered nearly every year. Wild boar meat poses an important risk factor for human health if compulsory testing is not conducted before consumption, especially if the meat products are consumed without proper thermal processing.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms11122995
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: A Remarkable Genetic Diversity of Rotavirus A Circulating in Red Fox Population in Croatia

Čolić, Daniel / Krešić, Nina / Mihaljević, Željko / Andreanszky, Tibor / Balić, Davor / Lolić, Marica / Brnić, Dragan

Pathogens. 2021 Apr. 16, v. 10, no. 4

2021

Abstract: Rotaviruses (RV), especially Rotavirus A (RVA), are globally recognized as pathogens causing neonatal diarrhea, but they also affect intensive animal farming. However, the knowledge on their significance in wildlife is rather limited. The aim of the ... ...

Abstract	Rotaviruses (RV), especially Rotavirus A (RVA), are globally recognized as pathogens causing neonatal diarrhea, but they also affect intensive animal farming. However, the knowledge on their significance in wildlife is rather limited. The aim of the study was to unveil the prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and genetic diversity of RVA strains circulating in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population in Croatia. From 2018 to 2019, 370 fecal samples from fox carcasses hunted for rabies monitoring were collected. All samples were first tested using a VP2 real-time RT-PCR; in the subsequent course, positives were subjected to VP7 and VP4 genotyping. The results revealed an RVA prevalence of 14.9%, while the circulating RVA strains showed a remarkable genetic diversity in terms of 11 G and nine P genotypes, among which one G and three P were tentatively identified as novel. In total, eight genotype combinations were detected: G8P[14], G9P[3], G9P[23], G10P[11], G10P[3], G11P[13], G15P[21], and G?P[?]. The results suggest a complex background of previous interspecies transmission events, shedding new light on the potential influence of foxes in RVA epidemiology. Their role as potential reservoirs of broad range of RVA genotypes, usually considered typical solely of domestic animals and humans, cannot be dismissed.
Keywords	Rotavirus A ; Vulpes vulpes ; diarrhea ; disease transmission ; foxes ; genetic variation ; genotype ; genotyping ; molecular epidemiology ; rabies ; wildlife ; Croatia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0416
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens10040485
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A Remarkable Genetic Diversity of Rotavirus A Circulating in Red Fox Population in Croatia.

Čolić, Daniel / Krešić, Nina / Mihaljević, Željko / Andreanszky, Tibor / Balić, Davor / Lolić, Marica / Brnić, Dragan

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 10, Issue 4

Abstract: Rotaviruses (RV), ... ...

Abstract	Rotaviruses (RV), especially
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens10040485
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Trichinella spp. in wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations in Croatia during an eight-year study (2010–2017)

Balić, Davor / Marucci, Gianluca / Agičić, Marija / Benić, Miroslav / Krovina, Zlatko / Miškić, Tihana / Aladić, Krunoslav / Škrivanko, Mario

One health. 2020 Dec. 20, v. 11

2020

Abstract: Wild animals represent a constant source of Trichinella spp. infections for domestic animals and humans. To date, four species of Trichinella have been isolated in wild boar populations in Europe: T. pseudospiralis, T. spiralis, T. britovi and T. nativa, ...

Abstract	Wild animals represent a constant source of Trichinella spp. infections for domestic animals and humans. To date, four species of Trichinella have been isolated in wild boar populations in Europe: T. pseudospiralis, T. spiralis, T. britovi and T. nativa, in addition to several mixed infection types and one hybrid formation between T. britovi and T. spiralis. Meanwhile, insufficiently thermally processed wild boar meat has been reported to be a source of trichinellosis in humans in several European countries. In Croatia, there have been no reported or proven cases of trichinellosis caused by wild boar meat consumption. The aim of this study was to obtain data on the prevalence of Trichinella species present in Croatia and to anticipated the potential risk of infection for humans in specific Croatian regions based on information obtained over an eight-year surveillance period. A veterinary inspection of wild boar carcasses for Trichinella larvae in Croatia has been mandatory since 1989, and the artificial digestion method was introduced as a compulsory test for wild boar samples in 2008. Based on the official data submitted to the Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Veterinary Services, in the period 2010–2017, 303 of 183,184 (0.17%) wild boar meat samples tested positive for Trichinella spp. Infected wild boar were found in 18 of 21 counties. Of these positive samples, 85 were submitted by the authorised veterinary inspectors to the National Reference Laboratory for further examination. The intensity of infection in muscle samples was 0.04–152.66 (mean: 23,37) larvae per gram, and Trichinella species were identified as T. spiralis, T. britovi, T. pseudospiralis and T. spiralis + T. britovi. Genetic analysis of T. pseudospiralis isolates demonstrated their belonging to the Palaearctic population.
Keywords	Palearctic region ; Sus scrofa ; digestion ; game meat ; genetic analysis ; governance ; hybrids ; meat consumption ; mixed infection ; monitoring ; muscles ; risk ; trichinosis ; wild boars ; Croatia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-1220
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2834831-X
ISSN	2352-7714
ISSN	2352-7714
DOI	10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100172
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Trichinella

Balić, Davor / Marucci, Gianluca / Agičić, Marija / Benić, Miroslav / Krovina, Zlatko / Miškić, Tihana / Aladić, Krunoslav / Škrivanko, Mario

One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 100172

Abstract: Wild animals represent a constant source ... ...

Abstract	Wild animals represent a constant source of
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834831-X
ISSN	2352-7714
ISSN	2352-7714
DOI	10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100172
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Article: The emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhoea in Croatia: molecular characterization and serology

Brnić, Dragan / Šimić, Ivana / Lojkić, Ivana / Krešić, Nina / Jungić, Andreja / Balić, Davor / Lolić, Marica / Knežević, Dražen / Hengl, Brigita

BMC veterinary research. 2019 Dec., v. 15, no. 1

2019

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is an emergent/re-emergent viral pig disease (caused by the virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, in specific the Alphacoronavirus genus) of global importance. Clinical presentation is characterized ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is an emergent/re-emergent viral pig disease (caused by the virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, in specific the Alphacoronavirus genus) of global importance. Clinical presentation is characterized with acute diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration in pigs of all ages, with a possible high mortality in suckling piglets. The disease emerged in the USA in 2013 causing heavy losses, and re-emerged in Europe in 2014, but with milder consequences. RESULTS: In the spring 2016, PED-like symptoms were reported to be seen on an agricultural holding in Eastern Croatia; laboratory workup confirmed the Croatia’s first PED outbreak ever. Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) strain responsible for the outbreak was of the S-INDEL genotype, much the same as other European PEDV strains. In 2017, a post-outbreak serology was carried out in three counties in Eastern Croatia, revealing seropositivity in pigs bred on four large industrial holdings (9.09%). The seroprevalence across PEDV-positive holdings was up to 82.8%. The latter holdings were unanimously managed by an enterprise that had never reported PED before. CONCLUSIONS: PED has emerged in Croatian pig population causing potentially considerable losses. The circulating strain was of the S-INDEL genotype. Serological workup proved PEDV spread to another four agricultural holdings, demonstrating the importance of not only external, but also internal biosecurity measures.
Keywords	Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ; biosecurity ; business enterprises ; diarrhea ; genotype ; mortality ; piglets ; serology ; seroprevalence ; spring ; suckling ; swine diseases ; viruses ; vomiting ; Croatia ; covid19
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-12
Size	p. 249.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article
ISSN	1746-6148
DOI	10.1186/s12917-019-2002-x
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhoea in Croatia: molecular characterization and serology.

Brnić, Dragan / Šimić, Ivana / Lojkić, Ivana / Krešić, Nina / Jungić, Andreja / Balić, Davor / Lolić, Marica / Knežević, Dražen / Hengl, Brigita

BMC veterinary research

2019 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 249

Abstract: Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is an emergent/re-emergent viral pig disease (caused by the virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, in specific the Alphacoronavirus genus) of global importance. Clinical presentation is characterized ... ...

Abstract	Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is an emergent/re-emergent viral pig disease (caused by the virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, in specific the Alphacoronavirus genus) of global importance. Clinical presentation is characterized with acute diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration in pigs of all ages, with a possible high mortality in suckling piglets. The disease emerged in the USA in 2013 causing heavy losses, and re-emerged in Europe in 2014, but with milder consequences. Results: In the spring 2016, PED-like symptoms were reported to be seen on an agricultural holding in Eastern Croatia; laboratory workup confirmed the Croatia's first PED outbreak ever. Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) strain responsible for the outbreak was of the S-INDEL genotype, much the same as other European PEDV strains. In 2017, a post-outbreak serology was carried out in three counties in Eastern Croatia, revealing seropositivity in pigs bred on four large industrial holdings (9.09%). The seroprevalence across PEDV-positive holdings was up to 82.8%. The latter holdings were unanimously managed by an enterprise that had never reported PED before. Conclusions: PED has emerged in Croatian pig population causing potentially considerable losses. The circulating strain was of the S-INDEL genotype. Serological workup proved PEDV spread to another four agricultural holdings, demonstrating the importance of not only external, but also internal biosecurity measures.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Croatia/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus/genetics ; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus/isolation & purification ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/epidemiology ; Swine Diseases/virology
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2191675-5
ISSN	1746-6148 ; 1746-6148
ISSN (online)	1746-6148
ISSN	1746-6148
DOI	10.1186/s12917-019-2002-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Working group for trichinellosis--a way of systematic prevention, control and eradication of trichinellosis in the Republic of Croatia.

Balić, Davor / Marinculić, Albert / Krešić, Kata / Barić, Josip / Periškić, Marin / Škrivanko, Mario / Kovač, Zlatko / Krznarić, Marko

Collegium antropologicum

2015 Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 253–259

Abstract: At the end of the last century, human trichinellosis was an important public health problem in the eastern parts of Croatia. Moreover, the majority of clinically infected people were registered in Vukovar-Srijem County (up to 60% of all human cases ... ...

Abstract	At the end of the last century, human trichinellosis was an important public health problem in the eastern parts of Croatia. Moreover, the majority of clinically infected people were registered in Vukovar-Srijem County (up to 60% of all human cases registered in Croatia). Also, 95% of all Trichinella positive swine carcasses originated from Vukovar-Srijem County. Beside the health threat, trichinellosis implied not only notable economic expenses but also threatened to endanger traditional way of life and eating habits. In order to reduce all negative consequences of the disease, a multidisciplinary Working group for trichinellosis was founded. The group consisted of scientists and experts from different fields of work, who helped and significantly contributed to minimizing the threats of trichinellosis as well as to maintaining and preserving the method of traditional processing and consumption of swine meat. The members, the methods and the results of the Working group activities will be discussed in this paper.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Croatia ; Disease Outbreaks ; Food Contamination ; Food Parasitology ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Meat ; Program Development ; Public Health ; Swine ; Trichinella ; Trichinellosis/epidemiology ; Trichinellosis/parasitology ; Trichinellosis/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-03
Publishing country	Croatia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	233430-6
ISSN	0350-6134 ; 0353-3735
ISSN	0350-6134 ; 0353-3735
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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