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  1. Article: Impact of Aligner, Normalization Method, and Sequencing Depth on TempO-seq Accuracy.

    Everett, Logan J / Mav, Deepak / Phadke, Dhiral P / Balik-Meisner, Michele R / Shah, Ruchir R

    Bioinformatics and biology insights

    2022  Volume 16, Page(s) 11779322221095216

    Abstract: High-throughput transcriptomics has advanced through the introduction of TempO-seq, a targeted alternative to traditional RNA-seq. TempO-seq platforms use 50 nucleotide probes, each specifically designed to target a known transcript, thus allowing for ... ...

    Abstract High-throughput transcriptomics has advanced through the introduction of TempO-seq, a targeted alternative to traditional RNA-seq. TempO-seq platforms use 50 nucleotide probes, each specifically designed to target a known transcript, thus allowing for reduced sequencing depth per sample compared with RNA-seq without compromising the accuracy of results. Thus far, studies using the TempO-seq method have relied on existing tools for processing the resulting short read data. However, these tools were originally designed for other data types. While they have been used for processing of early TempO-seq data, they have not been systematically assessed for accuracy or compared to determine an optimal framework for processing and analyzing TempO-seq data. In this work, we re-analyze several publicly available TempO-seq data sets covering a range of experimental designs and use corresponding RNA-seq data sets as a gold standard to rigorously assess accuracy at multiple levels. We compare 6 aligners and 5 normalization methods across various accuracy and performance metrics. Our results demonstrate the overall robust accuracy of the TempO-seq platform, independent of data processing methods. Complex aligners and advanced normalization methods do not appear to have any general advantage over simpler methods when it comes to analyzing TempO-seq data. The reduced complexity of the sequencing space, and the fact that TempO-seq probes are all equal length, appears to reduce the need for elaborate bioinformatic or statistical methods used to address these factors in RNA-seq data.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2423808-9
    ISSN 1177-9322
    ISSN 1177-9322
    DOI 10.1177/11779322221095216
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Transcriptional pathways linked to fetal and maternal hepatic dysfunction caused by gestational exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA or GenX) in CD-1 mice.

    Blake, Bevin E / Miller, Colette N / Nguyen, Helen / Chappell, Vesna A / Phan, Trina P / Phadke, Dhiral P / Balik-Meisner, Michele R / Mav, Deepak / Shah, Ruchir R / Fenton, Suzanne E

    Ecotoxicology and environmental safety

    2022  Volume 248, Page(s) 114314

    Abstract: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) comprise a diverse class of chemicals used in industrial processes, consumer products, and fire-fighting foams which have become environmental pollutants of concern due to their persistence, ubiquity, and ... ...

    Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) comprise a diverse class of chemicals used in industrial processes, consumer products, and fire-fighting foams which have become environmental pollutants of concern due to their persistence, ubiquity, and associations with adverse human health outcomes, including in pregnant persons and their offspring. Multiple PFAS are associated with adverse liver outcomes in adult humans and toxicological models, but effects on the developing liver are not fully described. Here we performed transcriptomic analyses in the mouse to investigate the molecular mechanisms of hepatic toxicity in the dam and its fetus after exposure to two different PFAS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its replacement, hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA, known as GenX). Pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed via oral gavage from embryonic day (E) 1.5-17.5 to PFOA (0, 1, or 5 mg/kg-d) or GenX (0, 2, or 10 mg/kg-d). Maternal and fetal liver RNA was isolated (N = 5 per dose/group) and the transcriptome analyzed by Affymetrix Array. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) and differentially enriched pathways (DEP) were obtained. DEG patterns were similar in maternal liver for 5 mg/kg PFOA, 2 mg/kg GenX, and 10 mg/kg GenX (R
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Mice ; Animals ; Fluorocarbons/toxicity ; Oxides ; Caprylates/toxicity ; Fetus ; Polymers
    Chemical Substances perfluorooctanoic acid (947VD76D3L) ; Fluorocarbons ; Oxides ; Caprylates ; Polymers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-24
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 436536-7
    ISSN 1090-2414 ; 0147-6513
    ISSN (online) 1090-2414
    ISSN 0147-6513
    DOI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114314
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Utility of Extrapolating Human S1500+ Genes to the Whole Transcriptome: Tunicamycin Case Study.

    Mav, Deepak / Phadke, Dhiral P / Balik-Meisner, Michele R / Merrick, B Alex / Auerbach, Scott / Niemeijer, Marije / Huppelschoten, Suzanna / Baze, Audrey / Parmentier, Celine / Richert, Lysiane / van de Water, Bob / Shah, Ruchir R / Paules, Richard S

    Bioinformatics and biology insights

    2020  Volume 14, Page(s) 1177932220952742

    Abstract: The TempO-Seq S1500+ platform(s), now available for human, mouse, rat, and zebrafish, measures a discrete number of genes that are representative of biological and pathway co-regulation across the entire genome in a given species. While measurement of ... ...

    Abstract The TempO-Seq S1500+ platform(s), now available for human, mouse, rat, and zebrafish, measures a discrete number of genes that are representative of biological and pathway co-regulation across the entire genome in a given species. While measurement of these genes alone provides a direct assessment of gene expression activity, extrapolating expression values to the whole transcriptome (~26 000 genes in humans) can estimate measurements of non-measured genes of interest and increases the power of pathway analysis algorithms by using a larger background gene expression space. Here, we use data from primary hepatocytes of 54 donors that were treated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer tunicamycin and then measured on the human S1500+ platform containing ~3000 representative genes. Measurements for the S1500+ genes were then used to extrapolate expression values for the remaining human transcriptome. As a case study of the improved downstream analysis achieved by extrapolation, the "measured only" and "whole transcriptome" (measured + extrapolated) gene sets were compared. Extrapolation increased the number of significant genes by 49%, bringing to the forefront many that are known to be associated with tunicamycin exposure. The extrapolation procedure also correctly identified established tunicamycin-related functional pathways reflected by coordinated changes in interrelated genes while maintaining the sample variability observed from the "measured only" genes. Extrapolation improved the gene- and pathway-level biological interpretations for a variety of downstream applications, including differential expression analysis, gene set enrichment pathway analysis, DAVID keyword analysis, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, and NextBio correlated compound analysis. The extrapolated data highlight the role of metabolism/metabolic pathways, the ER, immune response, and the unfolded protein response, each of which are key activities associated with tunicamycin exposure that were unrepresented or underrepresented in one or more of the analyses of the original "measured only" dataset. Furthermore, the inclusion of the extrapolated genes raised "tunicamycin" from third to first upstream regulator in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and from sixth to second most correlated compound in NextBio analysis. Therefore, our case study suggests an approach to extend and enhance data from the S1500+ platform for improved insight into biological mechanisms and functional outcomes of diseases, drugs, and other perturbations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2423808-9
    ISSN 1177-9322
    ISSN 1177-9322
    DOI 10.1177/1177932220952742
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: In vivo

    Phelps, Drake W / Fletcher, Ashley A / Rodriguez-Nunez, Ivan / Balik-Meisner, Michele R / Tokarz, Debra A / Reif, David M / Germolec, Dori R / Yoder, Jeffrey A

    Journal of immunotoxicology

    2020  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 94–104

    Abstract: Currently, assessment of the potential immunotoxicity of a given agent involves a tiered approach for hazard identification and mechanistic studies, including observational studies, evaluation of immune function, and measurement of susceptibility to ... ...

    Abstract Currently, assessment of the potential immunotoxicity of a given agent involves a tiered approach for hazard identification and mechanistic studies, including observational studies, evaluation of immune function, and measurement of susceptibility to infectious and neoplastic diseases. These studies generally use costly low-throughput mammalian models. Zebrafish, however, offer an excellent alternative due to their rapid development, ease of maintenance, and homology to mammalian immune system function and development. Larval zebrafish also are a convenient model to study the innate immune system with no interference from the adaptive immune system. In this study, a respiratory burst assay (RBA) was utilized to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after developmental xenobiotic exposure. Embryos were exposed to non-teratogenic doses of chemicals and at 96 h post-fertilization, the ability to produce ROS was measured. Using the RBA, 12 compounds with varying immune-suppressive properties were screened. Seven compounds neither suppressed nor enhanced the respiratory burst; five reproducibly suppressed global ROS production, but with varying potencies: benzo[a]pyrene, 17β-estradiol, lead acetate, methoxychlor, and phenanthrene. These five compounds have all previously been reported as immunosuppressive in mammalian innate immunity assays. To evaluate whether the suppression of ROS by these compounds was a result of decreased immune cell numbers, flow cytometry with transgenic zebrafish larvae was used to count the numbers of neutrophils and macrophages after chemical exposure. With this assay, benzo[a]pyrene was found to be the only chemical that induced a change in the number of immune cells by increasing macrophage but not neutrophil numbers. Taken together, this work demonstrates the utility of zebrafish larvae as a vertebrate model for identifying compounds that impact innate immune function at non-teratogenic levels and validates measuring ROS production and phagocyte numbers as metrics for monitoring how xenobiotic exposure alters the innate immune system.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Benzo(a)pyrene/adverse effects ; Blood Cell Count ; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic/methods ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; Estradiol/adverse effects ; Feasibility Studies ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods ; Immunity, Innate/drug effects ; Macrophages/drug effects ; Macrophages/immunology ; Methoxychlor/adverse effects ; Neutrophils/drug effects ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Organometallic Compounds/adverse effects ; Phenanthrenes/adverse effects ; Reactive Oxygen Species/analysis ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Respiratory Burst/drug effects ; Respiratory Burst/immunology ; Zebrafish
    Chemical Substances Organometallic Compounds ; Phenanthrenes ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Benzo(a)pyrene (3417WMA06D) ; phenanthrene (448J8E5BST) ; Estradiol (4TI98Z838E) ; Methoxychlor (RIA79UD69L) ; lead acetate (RX077P88RY)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2205064-4
    ISSN 1547-6901 ; 1547-691X
    ISSN (online) 1547-6901
    ISSN 1547-691X
    DOI 10.1080/1547691X.2020.1748772
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Development of a Zebrafish S1500+ Sentinel Gene Set for High-Throughput Transcriptomics.

    Balik-Meisner, Michele R / Mav, Deepak / Phadke, Dhiral P / Everett, Logan J / Shah, Ruchir R / Tal, Tamara / Shepard, Peter J / Merrick, B Alex / Paules, Richard S

    Zebrafish

    2019  Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) 331–347

    Abstract: Sentinel gene sets have been developed with the purpose of maximizing the information from targeted transcriptomic platforms. We recently described the development of an S1500+ sentinel gene set, which was built for the human transcriptome, utilizing a ... ...

    Abstract Sentinel gene sets have been developed with the purpose of maximizing the information from targeted transcriptomic platforms. We recently described the development of an S1500+ sentinel gene set, which was built for the human transcriptome, utilizing a data- and knowledge-driven hybrid approach to select a small subset of genes that optimally capture transcriptional diversity, correlation with other genes based on large-scale expression profiling, and known pathway annotation within the human genome. While this detailed bioinformatics approach for gene selection can in principle be applied to other species, the reliability of the resulting gene set depends on availability of a large body of transcriptomics data. For the model organism zebrafish, we aimed to create a similar sentinel gene set (Zf S1500+ gene set); however, there is insufficient standardized expression data in the public domain to train the gene correlation model. Therefore, our strategy was to use human-zebrafish ortholog mapping of the human S1500+ genes and nominations from experts in the zebrafish scientific community. In this study, we present the bioinformatics curation and refinement process to produce the final Zf S1500+ gene set, explore whole transcriptome extrapolation using this gene set, and assess pathway-level inference. This gene set will add value to targeted high-throughput transcriptomics in zebrafish for toxicogenomic screening and other research domains.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Computational Biology/methods ; Databases, Genetic ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Reproducibility of Results ; Transcriptome ; Zebrafish/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 2156020-1
    ISSN 1557-8542 ; 1545-8547
    ISSN (online) 1557-8542
    ISSN 1545-8547
    DOI 10.1089/zeb.2018.1720
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Evaluation of 5-day In Vivo Rat Liver and Kidney With High-throughput Transcriptomics for Estimating Benchmark Doses of Apical Outcomes.

    Gwinn, William M / Auerbach, Scott S / Parham, Fred / Stout, Matthew D / Waidyanatha, Suramya / Mutlu, Esra / Collins, Brad / Paules, Richard S / Merrick, Bruce Alex / Ferguson, Stephen / Ramaiahgari, Sreenivasa / Bucher, John R / Sparrow, Barney / Toy, Heather / Gorospe, Jenni / Machesky, Nick / Shah, Ruchir R / Balik-Meisner, Michele R / Mav, Deepak /
    Phadke, Dhiral P / Roberts, Georgia / DeVito, Michael J

    Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology

    2020  Volume 176, Issue 2, Page(s) 343–354

    Abstract: A 5-day in vivo rat model was evaluated as an approach to estimate chemical exposures that may pose minimal risk by comparing benchmark dose (BMD) values for transcriptional changes in the liver and kidney to BMD values for toxicological endpoints from ... ...

    Abstract A 5-day in vivo rat model was evaluated as an approach to estimate chemical exposures that may pose minimal risk by comparing benchmark dose (BMD) values for transcriptional changes in the liver and kidney to BMD values for toxicological endpoints from traditional toxicity studies. Eighteen chemicals, most having been tested by the National Toxicology Program in 2-year bioassays, were evaluated. Some of these chemicals are potent hepatotoxicants (eg, DE71, PFOA, and furan) in rodents, some exhibit toxicity but have minimal hepatic effects (eg, acrylamide and α,β-thujone), and some exhibit little overt toxicity (eg, ginseng and milk thistle extract) based on traditional toxicological evaluations. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed once daily for 5 consecutive days by oral gavage to 8-10 dose levels for each chemical. Liver and kidney were collected 24 h after the final exposure and total RNA was assayed using high-throughput transcriptomics (HTT) with the rat S1500+ platform. HTT data were analyzed using BMD Express 2 to determine transcriptional gene set BMD values. BMDS was used to determine BMD values for histopathological effects from chronic or subchronic toxicity studies. For many of the chemicals, the lowest transcriptional BMDs from the 5-day assays were within a factor of 5 of the lowest histopathological BMDs from the toxicity studies. These data suggest that using HTT in a 5-day in vivo rat model provides reasonable estimates of BMD values for traditional apical endpoints. This approach may be useful to prioritize chemicals for further testing while providing actionable data in a timely and cost-effective manner.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Kidney/drug effects ; Liver/drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Toxicity Tests/standards ; Transcriptome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1420885-4
    ISSN 1096-0929 ; 1096-6080
    ISSN (online) 1096-0929
    ISSN 1096-6080
    DOI 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa081
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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