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  1. Article ; Online: Following the Indian Immigrant: adoption of westernization results in a western gut microbiome and an increased risk of inflammatory bowel diseases.

    D'Aloisio, Leah D / Shetty, Vignesh / Ballal, Mamatha / Gibson, Deanna L

    FEMS microbiology ecology

    2022  Volume 98, Issue 12

    Abstract: Indians who migrate to westernized countries such as Canada, the USA, and the UK are at an increased risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While the underlying aetiology of IBD remains unclear, a gut microbiome, i.e. no longer symbiotic ... ...

    Abstract Indians who migrate to westernized countries such as Canada, the USA, and the UK are at an increased risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While the underlying aetiology of IBD remains unclear, a gut microbiome, i.e. no longer symbiotic with its host, is a major player. Increasing IBD incidence in Indian immigrants may be due to the adoption of western practices that result in loss of tolerance of a symbiotic community in the gut and its underlying immune responses. However, little is known about the microbial changes in the Indian gut, including shifts in the microbiome when they migrate to westernized countries. In this Current Opinion, we discuss what is known about the Indian gut microbiome and how living in a westernized environment may be impeding what was once a symbiotic relationship with their gut microbiome and intestinal mucosae, which may be the driving factor in their increased risk of IBD.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Microbiota ; Symbiosis ; Emigrants and Immigrants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 283722-5
    ISSN 1574-6941 ; 0168-6496
    ISSN (online) 1574-6941
    ISSN 0168-6496
    DOI 10.1093/femsec/fiac133
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Profile of Helicobacter pylori cagA &vacA genotypes and its association with the spectrum of gastroduodenal disease.

    Shetty, Vignesh / Lingadakai, Ramachandra / Pai, Ganesh C / Ballal, Mamatha

    Indian journal of medical microbiology

    2021  Volume 39, Issue 4, Page(s) 495–499

    Abstract: Purpose: Globally, H. pylori virulence factors cagA and vacA genotypes and its variation is leading to the austere form of the gastroduodenal disease. Our objectives were to detect H. pylori in dyspeptic patients from biopsy samples with the validation ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Globally, H. pylori virulence factors cagA and vacA genotypes and its variation is leading to the austere form of the gastroduodenal disease. Our objectives were to detect H. pylori in dyspeptic patients from biopsy samples with the validation of the various existing diagnostic tools and to screen the cagA, vacA genotypes profile from biopsy specimens and how it impacts in progression of gastroduodenal disease in southern India.
    Methods: 374 patients who attended endoscopy unit at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal with their consent obtained their biopsies. H. pylori were detected by HPE, Culture, RUT and PCR and its virulence gene were patterned with PCR.
    Results: The positive rate of H. pylori by HPE, RUT, Culture and PCR were 51.33%, 47.1%, 32.4% and 50.3% respectively and comparison by Bayesian LCMs analysis showed PCR is superior among them. The frequency of H. pylori virulence gene viz cagPAI (cagA) were 80.9%, and vacA alleles-s1m1 (42%), s1m2 (33%) and s2m2 (25%) genotypes by PCR respectively. Four combinations of cagA/vacA genotypes were noted, majority of strains harboured cagA
    Conclusions: This study validates and compares the existing diagnostic methods for detecting H. pylori in biopsies. Also, it reveals some pattern of virulence gene combination will play a vital role in disease progression.
    MeSH term(s) Antigens, Bacterial/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bayes Theorem ; Genotype ; Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology ; Helicobacter Infections/microbiology ; Helicobacter pylori/genetics ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Virulence Factors/genetics
    Chemical Substances Antigens, Bacterial ; Bacterial Proteins ; Virulence Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1038798-5
    ISSN 1998-3646 ; 0255-0857
    ISSN (online) 1998-3646
    ISSN 0255-0857
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.06.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Dysbiosis of the Beneficial Gut Bacteria in Patients with Parkinson's Disease from India.

    Pavan, Sujith / Gorthi, Sankar Prasad / Prabhu, Arvind N / Das, Bhabatosh / Mutreja, Ankur / Vasudevan, Karthick / Shetty, Vignesh / Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan / Ballal, Mamatha

    Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 6, Page(s) 908–916

    Abstract: Objectives: Recent advancement in understanding neurological disorders has revealed the involvement of dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). We sequenced microbial DNA using fecal samples collected from PD ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Recent advancement in understanding neurological disorders has revealed the involvement of dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). We sequenced microbial DNA using fecal samples collected from PD cases and healthy controls (HCs) to evaluate the role of gut microbiota.
    Methods: Full-length bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples was performed using amplified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products on the GridION Nanopore sequencer. Sequenced data were analyzed using web-based tools BugSeq and MicrobiomeAnalyst.
    Results: We found that certain bacterial families like Clostridia UCG 014, Cristensenellaceae, and Oscillospiraceae are higher in abundance, and Lachinospiracea, Coriobacteriaceae and genera associated with short-chain fatty acid production,
    Conclusion: Observations from this study support the other global research on the PD gut microbiome background and provide fresh insight into the gut microbial composition of PD patients from a south Indian population. We report a higher abundance of Clostridia UCG 014 group, previously not linked to PD.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-31
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2240174-X
    ISSN 1998-3549 ; 0972-2327
    ISSN (online) 1998-3549
    ISSN 0972-2327
    DOI 10.4103/aian.aian_460_23
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Emerging Pathogens in Planetary Health and Lessons from Comparative Genome Analyses of Three

    Tanwar, Ankit Singh / Shruptha, Padival / Jnana, Apoorva / Brand, Angela / Ballal, Mamatha / Satyamoorthy, Kapaettu / Murali, Thokur Sreepathy

    Omics : a journal of integrative biology

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 6, Page(s) 247–259

    Abstract: Clostridioides ... ...

    Abstract Clostridioides difficile
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Humans ; Clostridioides difficile/genetics ; Proteomics ; Clostridium Infections ; Virulence/genetics ; Genomics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2030312-9
    ISSN 1557-8100 ; 1536-2310
    ISSN (online) 1557-8100
    ISSN 1536-2310
    DOI 10.1089/omi.2023.0034
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Is the antiseizure effect of ketogenic diet in children with drug-resistant epilepsy mediated through proinflammatory cytokines?

    Thambi, Magith / Nathan, Janak / Bailur, Sonal / Unnikrishnan, Mazhuvancherry Kesavan / Ballal, Mamatha / Radhakrishnan, Kurupath

    Epilepsy research

    2021  Volume 176, Page(s) 106724

    Abstract: In order to understand whether the antiseizure mechanism of ketogenic diet (KD) is mediated through its anti-inflammatory effect, we measured the serum concentrations of cytokines IL- 1β and IL-6 in 21 children with drug-resistant epilepsy. We found a ... ...

    Abstract In order to understand whether the antiseizure mechanism of ketogenic diet (KD) is mediated through its anti-inflammatory effect, we measured the serum concentrations of cytokines IL- 1β and IL-6 in 21 children with drug-resistant epilepsy. We found a significant reduction in the levels of serum IL- 1β and IL-6 levels at one-year of KD therapy compared to baseline. However, we did not find any correlation between decrease in the serum concentrations of these interleukins with the reduction in seizure frequency at one-year of KD therapy, which may be due to the small sample size and heterogeneous patient population we studied. Future studies should try to overcome these limitations.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Cytokines ; Diet, Ketogenic ; Drug Resistant Epilepsy ; Humans ; Seizures/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-21
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 632939-1
    ISSN 1872-6844 ; 0920-1211
    ISSN (online) 1872-6844
    ISSN 0920-1211
    DOI 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106724
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Exploring the multifactorial aspects of Gut Microbiome in Parkinson's Disease.

    Pavan, Sujith / Prabhu, Arvind N / Prasad Gorthi, Sankar / Das, Bhabatosh / Mutreja, Ankur / Shetty, Vignesh / Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan / Ballal, Mamatha

    Folia microbiologica

    2022  Volume 67, Issue 5, Page(s) 693–706

    Abstract: Advanced research in health science has broadened our view in approaching and understanding the pathophysiology of diseases and has also revolutionised diagnosis and treatment. Ever since the establishment of Braak's hypothesis in the propagation of ... ...

    Abstract Advanced research in health science has broadened our view in approaching and understanding the pathophysiology of diseases and has also revolutionised diagnosis and treatment. Ever since the establishment of Braak's hypothesis in the propagation of alpha-synuclein from the distant olfactory and enteric nervous system towards the brain in Parkinson's Disease (PD), studies have explored and revealed the involvement of altered gut microbiota in PD. This review recapitulates the gut microbiome associated with PD severity, duration, motor and non-motor symptoms, and antiparkinsonian treatment from recent literature. Gut microbial signatures in PD are potential predictors of the disease and are speculated to be used in early diagnosis and treatment. In brief, the review also emphasises on implications of the prebiotic, probiotic, faecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary interventions as alternative treatments in modulating the disease symptoms in PD.
    MeSH term(s) Antiparkinson Agents ; Brain ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease/therapy ; alpha-Synuclein/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antiparkinson Agents ; alpha-Synuclein
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 240503-9
    ISSN 1874-9356 ; 0015-5632
    ISSN (online) 1874-9356
    ISSN 0015-5632
    DOI 10.1007/s12223-022-00977-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Poultry: a receptacle for non-typhoidal Salmonellae and antimicrobial resistance.

    Bangera, Sohan Rodney / Umakanth, Shashikiran / Chowdhury, Goutam / Saha, Rudra Narayan / Mukhopadhyay, Asish K / Ballal, Mamatha

    Iranian journal of microbiology

    2019  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 31–38

    Abstract: Background and objectives: Non-typhoidal Salmonellosis, a zoonotic infection associated with acute gastroenteritis is caused by non-typhoidal salmonellae (NTS). The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of NTS serovars and their ... ...

    Abstract Background and objectives: Non-typhoidal Salmonellosis, a zoonotic infection associated with acute gastroenteritis is caused by non-typhoidal salmonellae (NTS). The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of NTS serovars and their antimicrobial resistance along with the presence of the virulence gene (
    Materials and methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study carried out at the Enteric Diseases Division, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, South India from January 2016- December 2017. Poultry samples were collected randomly from two local poultry farms in Udupi district and processed following CDC standard protocol.
    Results: From the 396 poultry meat samples, intestinal contents and faecal samples collected, 58 NTS serovars were isolated showing a prevalence of 14.64%.
    Conclusion: Poultry sources are recognized as a significant cause for non-typhoidal salmonellosis. Therefore, hygienic measures should be initiated to reduce the contamination of meat and poultry products with virulent strains of Salmonella that are of public health significance.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-05
    Publishing country Iran
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2652849-6
    ISSN 2008-4447 ; 2008-3289
    ISSN (online) 2008-4447
    ISSN 2008-3289
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: 2,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone as an Anti-biofilm Agent Against Non-Candida albicans Candida Species.

    Devadas, Suganthi Martena / Nayak, Usha Y / Narayan, Reema / Hande, Manjunath H / Ballal, Mamatha

    Mycopathologia

    2019  Volume 184, Issue 3, Page(s) 403–411

    Abstract: Background: The predominance of non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species causing healthcare-associated infections has increased over the last decade pertaining to their ability to form biofilms on medical devices. These biofilm-associated infections ... ...

    Abstract Background: The predominance of non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species causing healthcare-associated infections has increased over the last decade pertaining to their ability to form biofilms on medical devices. These biofilm-associated infections are challenging to treat as they are resistant to antifungal agents and evade host-immune response resulting in a high risk of device failure or biomaterial removal. Thus, to minimize the risk of biofilm-associated infections, preventing biofilm formation is the best approach which is mediated by the quorum quenching process.
    Methods: The present study investigated the modulatory effect of 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (DMHF) on NCAC biofilm formation and also assessed the effect of the DMHF-coated catheters on biofilm formation of NCAC. The NCAC isolates studied were Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei isolated from catheter tip, urine and blood, respectively.
    Results: DMHF at a concentration of 30 µg/mL showed an inhibitory effect against NCAC biofilms at various stages and was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) against the various concentrations (50-5 µg/mL) tested and also among the three phases of experiment. The furanone content on coated catheters ranged from 170 to 750 µg and release of furanone from the coated catheter was about 15 µg for 30 days. The effect of DMHF-coated catheters on NCAC biofilm formation was observed by the scanning electron microscopy which revealed the absence of NCAC adherence on DMHF-coated catheters.
    Discussion: This study provides a design to develop furanone-coated biomaterials which could be implemented in healthcare settings to reduce medical device-associated infections. The excellent biological performance, combined with their antimicrobial properties, suggests that 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone could be an effective anti-infective coating for implantable devices.
    MeSH term(s) Antifungal Agents/pharmacology ; Biofilms/drug effects ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Blood/microbiology ; Candida/drug effects ; Candida/growth & development ; Candida/isolation & purification ; Candidiasis/microbiology ; Catheters/microbiology ; Environmental Microbiology ; Furans/pharmacology ; Humans ; Urine/microbiology
    Chemical Substances Antifungal Agents ; Furans ; furaneol (3658-77-3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 391081-7
    ISSN 1573-0832 ; 0369-299X ; 0301-486X ; 0027-5530
    ISSN (online) 1573-0832
    ISSN 0369-299X ; 0301-486X ; 0027-5530
    DOI 10.1007/s11046-019-00341-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: First case report of Moraxella osloensis diarrhea in a hemolytic uremic syndrome/acute renal failure child from rural coastal India-Manipal, Karnataka.

    Ballal, Mamatha / Martena, Suganthi

    Indian journal of pediatrics

    2012  Volume 80, Issue 3, Page(s) 255–257

    Abstract: The authors report a rare case of diarrhea caused by Moraxella osloensis in a pediatric child with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome/Acute Renal Failure (HUS/ARF). A 6-y-old boy was referred to the Pediatric Unit with a 3 d history of bloody diarrhea with mucus ... ...

    Abstract The authors report a rare case of diarrhea caused by Moraxella osloensis in a pediatric child with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome/Acute Renal Failure (HUS/ARF). A 6-y-old boy was referred to the Pediatric Unit with a 3 d history of bloody diarrhea with mucus and fever and decreased urine output for 6 d. Microbiological investigations were done as per CLSI guidelines. His diarrhea, and the subsequent renal failure resolved with appropriate treatment. To the best of authors' knowledge and pubmed search, this is the first case of M. osloensis causing diarrhea in a HUS/ARF pediatric patient reported from India-Manipal.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Kidney Injury/complications ; Child ; Diarrhea/microbiology ; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/complications ; Humans ; India ; Male ; Moraxella/isolation & purification ; Moraxellaceae Infections/complications ; Moraxellaceae Infections/diagnosis ; Rural Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01-10
    Publishing country India
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218231-2
    ISSN 0973-7693 ; 0019-5456
    ISSN (online) 0973-7693
    ISSN 0019-5456
    DOI 10.1007/s12098-011-0672-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Oral changes in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer

    Shruthi Acharya / Keerthilatha Murlidhar Pai / Sujatha Bhat / Ballal Mamatha / Vadhiraj M Bejadi / Shashidhar Acharya

    Indian Journal of Dental Research, Vol 28, Iss 3, Pp 261-

    2017  Volume 268

    Abstract: Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in India. Most of the patients with breast cancer are treated with chemotherapy which has multiple oral complications. Aims: The objectives of this study were to describe the occurrence of taste ...

    Abstract Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in India. Most of the patients with breast cancer are treated with chemotherapy which has multiple oral complications. Aims: The objectives of this study were to describe the occurrence of taste disturbances, xerostomia, oral mucositis, oral pigmentation, and candidal and salivary changes among patients receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer. Methods: Fifty-two women with newly diagnosed breast cancer (without distant metastasis), eligible for adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and adriamycin, 4 cycles × 3 weeks), were included in this study. All the observations were noted before, during (after 6 weeks of starting chemotherapy), and after the completion of chemotherapy (after 12 weeks of starting chemotherapy). Statistical Analysis Used: Variables such as mucositis, salivary flow rate, salivary pH, and candidal carriage rate were compared at baseline, and at 1st and 2nd follow-ups using Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P value corrected for α for pair-wise comparisons). Results: Mean unstimulated whole salivary flow rate reduced from 0.5 ml/min to 0.3 ml/min, and the mean colony-forming units of Candida reduced from 32.3 × 103 cells/ml to 13.1 × 103 cells/ml at the end of the study period. Xerostomia, taste disturbances, and oral mucosal pigmentation increased from 28.8% to 50%. Conclusions: There was a discernible change in oral mucosal, salivary, and candidal status during the course of the study.
    Keywords Candidiasis ; mucositis ; oral pigmentation ; salivary flow ; salivary pH ; taste disturbances ; unstimulated whole saliva ; xerostomia ; Dentistry ; RK1-715 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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