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Article ; Online: Leveraging a cross-species probabilistic reward task (PRT) in suicide research. A commentary on Luc and Kangas (2024).

Lamontagne, Steven J / Zarate, Carlos A / Ballard, Elizabeth D

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience

2024 Volume 24, Issue 2, Page(s) 289–291

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Reward ; Suicide/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2029088-3
ISSN	1531-135X ; 1530-7026
ISSN (online)	1531-135X
ISSN	1530-7026
DOI	10.3758/s13415-024-01181-0
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Article ; Online: Safety plan use in the daily lives of adolescents after psychiatric hospitalization.

May, Alexis M / Al-Dajani, Nadia / Ballard, Elizabeth D / Czyz, Ewa

Suicide & life-threatening behavior

2023 Volume 53, Issue 5, Page(s) 870–879

Abstract: Introduction: Safety planning type interventions (SPTI's) are brief suicide-specific interventions. Little is known about safety plan use during high-risk periods, and whether safety plan use is influenced by baseline characteristics. This study ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Safety planning type interventions (SPTI's) are brief suicide-specific interventions. Little is known about safety plan use during high-risk periods, and whether safety plan use is influenced by baseline characteristics. This study examined how adolescents recently hospitalized for suicide risk use their safety plans post-discharge, tested moderators of safety plan utilization, and explored the relationship between changes in utilization and changes in suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Methods: Seventy-eight adolescents hospitalized for suicide risk who participated in a pilot trial of safety planning responded to one survey/day for 4 weeks post-discharge and completed a 1-month assessment. Results: Over 90% of adolescents reported having access to their safety plan during the month post-discharge. Safety plan use and SI declined over time. No baseline characteristics predicted safety plan use in the 4 weeks after discharge, or changes in safety plan use over time. However, the relationship between changes in safety plan use and changes in SI was moderated. For girls, SI and safety plan use rose and fell together; for boys, safety plan use declined regardless of changes in SI. Conclusions: High-risk adolescents retain and use their safety plans. Results underscore the importance of looking at sex effects on SPTI utilization.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Aftercare ; Hospitalization ; Patient Discharge ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide, Attempted/psychology ; Pilot Projects
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	750058-0
ISSN	1943-278X ; 0047-4592 ; 0363-0234
ISSN (online)	1943-278X
ISSN	0047-4592 ; 0363-0234
DOI	10.1111/sltb.12989
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Article ; Online: Toward objective characterizations of suicide risk: A narrative review of laboratory-based cognitive and behavioral tasks.

Lamontagne, Steven J / Zabala, Paloma K / Zarate, Carlos A / Ballard, Elizabeth D

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

2023 Volume 153, Page(s) 105361

Abstract: Although suicide is a leading cause of preventable death worldwide, current prevention efforts have failed to substantively mitigate suicide risk. Suicide research has traditionally relied on subjective reports that may not accurately differentiate those ...

Abstract	Although suicide is a leading cause of preventable death worldwide, current prevention efforts have failed to substantively mitigate suicide risk. Suicide research has traditionally relied on subjective reports that may not accurately differentiate those at high versus minimal risk. This narrative review supports the inclusion of objective task-based measures in suicide research to complement existing subjective batteries. The article: 1) outlines risk factors proposed by contemporary theories of suicide and highlights recent empirical findings supporting these theories; 2) discusses ongoing challenges associated with current risk assessment tools and their ability to accurately evaluate risk factors; and 3) analyzes objective laboratory measures that can be implemented alongside traditional measures to enhance the precision of risk assessment. To illustrate the potential of these methods to improve our understanding of suicide risk, the article reviews how acute stress responses in a laboratory setting can be modeled, given that stress is a major precipitant for suicidal behavior. More precise risk assessment strategies can emerge if objective measures are implemented in conjunction with traditional subjective measures.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Suicide Prevention ; Suicide/psychology ; Suicidal Ideation ; Risk Factors ; Cognition
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	282464-4
ISSN	1873-7528 ; 0149-7634
ISSN (online)	1873-7528
ISSN	0149-7634
DOI	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105361
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Article: Effects of stress on endophenotypes of suicide across species: A role for ketamine in risk mitigation.

Lamontagne, Steven J / Ballard, Elizabeth D / Zarate, Carlos A

Neurobiology of stress

2022 Volume 18, Page(s) 100450

Abstract: Suicide is a leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide, yet few interventions are available to mitigate its risk. Barriers to effective treatments involve a limited understanding of factors that predict the onset of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. ... ...

Abstract	Suicide is a leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide, yet few interventions are available to mitigate its risk. Barriers to effective treatments involve a limited understanding of factors that predict the onset of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. In the context of suicide risk, stress is a precipitating factor that is largely overlooked in the literature. Indeed, the pathophysiology of stress and suicide are heavily interconnected, underscoring the need to target the stress system in suicide prevention. In this review, we integrate findings from the preclinical and clinical literature that links stress and suicide. We focus specifically on the effects of stress on underlying biological functions and processes associated with suicide, allowing for the review of research using animal models. Owing to the rapid anti-suicidal effects of (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2816500-7
ISSN	2352-2895
ISSN	2352-2895
DOI	10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100450
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Social Anxiety and Suicidality in Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Leigh, Eleanor / Chiu, Kenny / Ballard, Elizabeth D

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology

2022 Volume 51, Issue 4, Page(s) 441–454

Abstract: Suicide is a leading cause of death among young people every year. Identifying risk factors provides opportunities to intervene, and social anxiety may represent one such factor. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review the evidence of ... ...

Abstract	Suicide is a leading cause of death among young people every year. Identifying risk factors provides opportunities to intervene, and social anxiety may represent one such factor. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review the evidence of associations between social anxiety and suicidality in youth (10-25 years). Embase, PsycInfo, and Medline were searched to identify relevant articles. Meta-analysis was conducted to examine the mean effect sizes of concurrent and prospective associations between social anxiety and three indices of suicidality in adolescents aged 10-25 years. Meta-analyses of 16 studies showed that social anxiety was associated cross-sectionally with suicide attempt (r = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.15), suicidal ideation (r = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.41), and suicide risk (r = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.41), and prospectively at trend level with suicidal ideation (r = 0.62, 95% CI: -0.03, 0.90). An examination of the prospective associations with suicide attempt and risk was not possible due to a lack of studies. Several studies suggested that results could not be solely attributed to depressive symptoms. A high level of heterogeneity was observed in each meta-analysis. Moderation analysis was possible for gender and publication year only; neither was significant. Findings provide further evidence of a link between social anxiety and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in youth but are limited by the small number of studies of mixed quality. This review supports future research into social anxiety symptoms as potential risk factors and treatment targets for suicidal youth.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide ; Suicide, Attempted ; Risk Factors ; Anxiety/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3041907-4
ISSN	2730-7174 ; 2730-7166
ISSN (online)	2730-7174
ISSN	2730-7166
DOI	10.1007/s10802-022-00996-0
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Article ; Online: The role of dissociation in ketamine's antidepressant effects.

Ballard, Elizabeth D / Zarate, Carlos A

Nature communications

2020 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 6431

Abstract: Ketamine produces immediate antidepressant effects and has inspired research into next-generation treatments. Ketamine also has short term dissociative effects, in which individuals report altered consciousness and perceptions of themselves and their ... ...

Abstract	Ketamine produces immediate antidepressant effects and has inspired research into next-generation treatments. Ketamine also has short term dissociative effects, in which individuals report altered consciousness and perceptions of themselves and their environment. However, whether ketamine's dissociative side effects are necessary for its antidepressant effects remains unclear. This perspective examines the relationship between dissociative effects and acute and longer-lasting antidepressant response to ketamine and other N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Presently, the literature does not support the conclusion that dissociation is necessary for antidepressant response to ketamine. However, further work is needed to explore the relationship between dissociation and antidepressant response at the molecular, biomarker, and psychological levels.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Dissociative Disorders/drug therapy ; Humans ; Ketamine/therapeutic use ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors
Chemical Substances	Antidepressive Agents ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Ketamine (690G0D6V8H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-020-20190-4
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Article: Pandemic-Related Post-traumatic Stress Symptomatology in COVID-19 Patients with and without Post-COVID Conditions.

Guinee, Emily P / Raza, Haniya / Ballard, Elizabeth D / Shaw, Jacob S / Liang, C Jason / Sneller, Michael C / Chung, Joyce Y

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2024

Abstract: Trauma and stressor-related symptoms have been frequently reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Few studies compare post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) between patients and non-infected controls. Using data from an ongoing natural history study of ... ...

Abstract	Trauma and stressor-related symptoms have been frequently reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Few studies compare post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) between patients and non-infected controls. Using data from an ongoing natural history study of COVID-19, this study compared PTSS between patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the pandemic and controls. Within the COVID-19 patient cohort, we also compared PTSS between patients with and without post-COVID conditions, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). This study also examined the association of PTSS with trait resilience and prior trauma exposure. PTSS were assessed using the Impact of Event Scaled-Revised (IES-R), which has a validated probable PTSD cutoff (score ≥33). The results showed that patients (n=131) reported significantly higher IES-R scores than controls (n=82) and had significantly higher odds of having scores indicative of PTSD [AOR: 4.17
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.01.21.24301574
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Article ; Online: Clinical and electrophysiological correlates of hopelessness in the context of suicide risk

Ballard, Elizabeth D / Nischal, Roshni P / Burton, Courtney R / Greenstein, Deanna K / Anderson, Grace E / Waldman, Laura R / Zarate, Carlos A / Gilbert, Jessica R

European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology

2024 Volume 80, Page(s) 38–45

Abstract: Hopelessness is a key risk factor for suicide. This analysis explored whether hopelessness indicates a recent suicide crisis state and is linked with magnetoencephalography (MEG) oscillatory power and effective connectivity differences. Change in ... ...

Abstract	Hopelessness is a key risk factor for suicide. This analysis explored whether hopelessness indicates a recent suicide crisis state and is linked with magnetoencephalography (MEG) oscillatory power and effective connectivity differences. Change in hopelessness ratings and effective connectivity post-ketamine were also evaluated in a subsample of high-risk individuals to evaluate correlates of dynamic changes over time. Participants (66F;44 M;1 transgender) included individuals with suicide crisis in the last two weeks (High Risk (HR), n = 14), those with past suicide attempt but no recent suicide ideation (SI) (Low Risk (LR), n = 37), clinical controls (CC, n = 33), and healthy volunteers at minimal risk (MinR, n = 27). MEG oscillatory power and clinical hopelessness ratings (via the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)) were evaluated across groups. Dynamic casual modeling (DCM) evaluated connectivity within and between the anterior insula (AI) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). A subsample of HR individuals who received ketamine (n = 10) were evaluated at Day 1 post-infusion. The HR group reported the highest levels of hopelessness, even when adjusting for SI. MEG results linked hopelessness with reduced activity across frequency bands in salience network regions, with no group or group-by-interaction effects. Using DCM, the HR group had reduced intrinsic drive from granular Layer IV stellate cells to superficial pyramidal cells in the ACC and AI. In the pilot HR study, reduced hopelessness was linked with increased drive for this same connection post-ketamine. Hopelessness is a possible proxy for suicide risk. Electrophysiological targets for hopelessness include widespread reductions in salience network activity, particularly in the ACC and AI.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Ketamine/pharmacology ; Suicide, Attempted ; Suicidal Ideation ; Affect ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Ketamine (690G0D6V8H)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1082947-7
ISSN	1873-7862 ; 0924-977X
ISSN (online)	1873-7862
ISSN	0924-977X
DOI	10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.12.002
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Article ; Online: Preventing suicide: A multicausal model requires multimodal research and intervention.

Ballard, Elizabeth D / Zarate, Carlos A

Bipolar disorders

2018 Volume 20, Issue 6, Page(s) 558–559

MeSH term(s)	Bipolar Disorder ; Humans ; Research Design ; Suicide ; Suicide, Attempted
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-05
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1472242-2
ISSN	1399-5618 ; 1398-5647
ISSN (online)	1399-5618
ISSN	1398-5647
DOI	10.1111/bdi.12656
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Article: New Methods for Assessing Rapid Changes in Suicide Risk.

Ballard, Elizabeth D / Gilbert, Jessica R / Wusinich, Christina / Zarate, Carlos A

Frontiers in psychiatry

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 598434

Abstract: Rapid-acting interventions for the suicide crisis have the potential to transform treatment. In addition, recent innovations in suicide research methods may similarly expand our understanding of the psychological and neurobiological correlates of ... ...

Abstract	Rapid-acting interventions for the suicide crisis have the potential to transform treatment. In addition, recent innovations in suicide research methods may similarly expand our understanding of the psychological and neurobiological correlates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This review discusses the limitations and challenges associated with current methods of suicide risk assessment and presents new techniques currently being developed to measure rapid changes in suicidal thoughts and behavior. These novel assessment strategies include ecological momentary assessment, digital phenotyping, cognitive and implicit bias metrics, and neuroimaging paradigms and analysis methodologies to identify neural circuits associated with suicide risk. This review is intended to both describe the current state of our ability to assess rapid changes in suicide risk as well as to explore future directions for clinical, neurobiological, and computational markers research in suicide-focused clinical trials.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2564218-2
ISSN	1664-0640
ISSN	1664-0640
DOI	10.3389/fpsyt.2021.598434
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